NCERT solution for Class 10

Maths
Chapter 7 – Coordinate Geometry

Exercise No. 7.1

1. Find the distance between the following pairs of points:

(i)  2,3  ,  4,1

Ans: The given points are A  2, 3 and B  4, 1

Using the Distance Formula = (x1 -x 2 ) 2 +(y1 -y 2 ) 2

By comparing the points with the formula we get, x1 =2 , y1 =3 , x 2 =4 , y 2 =1

Distance between A  2,3 and B  4,1 is given by,

AB = (2-4)2 +(3-1)2

= (-2) 2 +(2) 2

= 4+4

= 8

=2 2

(ii)  5,7  ,  1,3 

Ans: The given points are C  -5, 7  and D  -1, 3

Using the Distance Formula = (x1 -x 2 ) 2 +(y1 -y 2 ) 2

By comparing the points with the formula we get, x1 = -5 , y1 = 7 , x 2 = -1 , y 2 = 3

Distance between C  -5,7  and D  -1,3 is given by,

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CD = (-5-(-1))2 +(7-3)2

= (-4) 2 +(4) 2

= 16+16

= 32

=4 2

(iii)  a,b  ,  a, b 

Ans: The given points are X  a, b  and Y  -a, -b 

Using the Distance Formula = (x1 -x 2 ) 2 +(y1 -y 2 ) 2

By comparing the points with the formula we get, x1 = a , y1 = b , x 2 = -a , y 2 = -b

Distance between X  a, b  and Y  -a, -b  is given by,

XY = (a-(-a)) 2 +(b-(-b)) 2

= (2a) 2 +(2b) 2

= 4a 2 +4b 2

= 2 a 2 +b 2

2. Find the distance between the points  0,0  and  36,15  . Can you now
find the distance between the two towns A and B discussed in Section 7.2?
Ans: According to the question, the given points are P  0,0  and Q  36,15

Using the Distance Formula = (x1 -x 2 ) 2 +(y1 -y 2 ) 2

By comparing the points with the formula we get, x1 =0 , y1 =0 , x 2 =36 , y 2 =15 .

The distance between the points P  0,0  and Q  36,15 is given by,
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PQ = (36-0) 2 +(15-0) 2

= 362 +152

= 1296+225

= 1521

= 39
Yes, we can find the distance between two towns A and B using the distance
formula only. Two town are situated at point (0,0) and (36,15) respectively. So,
the distance between both town will be 39 km.

3. Determine if the points  1,5  ,  2,3  and  -2,-11 are collinear.

Ans: Three points are collinear if and only if they are on the same line.
Let the given points are A 1,5 , B  2,3 and C  -2,-11

Using the Distance Formula = (x1 -x 2 ) 2 +(y1 -y 2 ) 2 ,

AB  (1  2) 2  (5  3) 2

= 12 +22

= 5

BC  (2  (2)) 2  (3  (11)) 2

= 16+196

= 212

AC  (1  (2)) 2  (5  (11)) 2

= 9+256

= 265

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Here, AB+AC  BC and BC+AC  AB and AB+BC  AC . Since, the sum of
distance of any two point is not equal to third point.
Therefore, the points 1,5 ,  2,3 and  -2,-11 are not collinear.

4. Check whether  5,-2  ,  6,4  and  7,-2  are the vertices of an isosceles
triangle.
Ans: To prove the points to be an isosceles triangle the points must be collinear
and any two sides must be of equal length.
Let the points  5,-2  ,  6,4  and  7,-2  are representing the vertices

A, B, and C of the given triangle respectively.

Using the Distance Formula = (x1 -x 2 ) 2 +(y1 -y 2 ) 2 ,

AB  (5  6) 2  (2  4) 2

= (-1) 2 +(-6) 2

= 1+36

= 37

BC  (6  7) 2  (4  (2)) 2

= (-1) 2 +(6) 2

= 1+36

= 37

AC  (5  7) 2  (2  (2)) 2

= (-2) 2 +(0) 2

= 4
=2
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Here, AB = BC. As two sides are equal in length and the sum of distance of any
two point is not equal to third point. Therefore, ABC is an isosceles triangle.

5. In a classroom, 4 friends are seated at the points A, B, C and D as shown

in the following figure. Champa and Chameli walk into the class and after
observing for a few minutes Champa asks Chameli, “Don’t you think ABCD
is a square?” Chameli disagrees. Using distance formula, find which of them
is correct.

Ans: From the above figure, the coordinates of A, B, C, D are  3,4  ,  6,7  ,  9,4 
and  6,1 respectively.

Using the Distance formula = (x1 -x 2 ) 2 +(y1 -y 2 ) 2

AB  (3  6)2  (4  7) 2

= (-3) 2 +(-3) 2

= 9+9

= 18

=3 2

BC  (6  9) 2  (7  4) 2

= (-3)2 +32

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 = 99

= 18

=3 2

CD  (9  6) 2  (4  1) 2

= 32 +32

= 99

= 18

=3 2

AD  (3  6) 2  (4  1) 2

= (-3)2 +32

= 99

= 18

=3 2

Diagonal AC  (3  9)2  (4  4) 2

= (-6)2 +02

=6

Diagonal BD  (6  6) 2  (7  1) 2

= 02 +62

=6
Here, all four sides AB, BC, CD, and AD are of same length and diagonals AC
and BD are also of equal length . Therefore, we can conclude that ABCD is a
square and hence, Champa was correct.

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6. Name the type of quadrilateral formed, if any, by the following points,
and give reasons for your answer:
(i) (-1,-2), (1,0), (-1,2), (-3,0)

Ans: Let the points (-1,-2), (1,0), (-1,2), (-3,0) be representing the vertices A, B,
C, and D of the given quadrilateral respectively.

Using the Distance Formula = (x1 -x 2 ) 2 +(y1 -y 2 ) 2 ,

AB  (1  1) 2  (2  0) 2

 (2) 2 +(-2) 2

 4+4

 8

=2 2

BC  (1  (1)) 2  (0  2) 2

 (2) 2 +(-2) 2

 4+4

 8

=2 2

CD  (1  (3)) 2  (2  0)2

 22 +22

 4+4

 8

=2 2

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AD  (1  (3)) 2  (2  0) 2

 22 +22

 4+4

 8

=2 2

Diagonal AC  (1  (1)) 2  ((2)  2) 2

 0 +42

 16

=4

Diagonal BD  (1  (3)) 2  (0  0) 2

 42  0

 16

=4
Therefore, AB = BC = CD = AD
Here, all the sides of this quadrilateral are of the same length and also, the
diagonals are of the same length. Therefore, the given points are the vertices of
a square.

(ii) (-3,5), (3,1), (0,3), (-1,-4)

Ans: Let the points (-3,5), (3,1), (0,3), (-1,-4) be representing the vertices A, B,
C, and D of the given quadrilateral respectively.

Using the Distance Formula = (x1 -x 2 ) 2 +(y1 -y 2 ) 2 ,

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AB  (3  3) 2  (5  1) 2

 (6)2 +(4)2

 36  16

 52

=2 13

BC  (3  0) 2  (1  3) 2

 32 +(-2) 2

 9+4

 13

CD  (0  (1)) 2  (3  (4) 2

 12 +7 2

 1+49

 50

=5 2

AD  (3  (1)) 2  (5  (4) 2

 (2)2 +92

 4+81

 85

Diagonal AC  (0  (3)) 2  (3  5) 2

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 32 +(-2) 2

 9+4

 13

Diagonal BD  (1  3) 2  (4  1) 2

 (4) 2  (5) 2

 16  25

= 41
Here, all the sides of this quadrilateral are of different length i.e.,
AB  BC  AC  AD and also AC + BC = AB which means that A, B, C are
collinear. Therefore, no quadrilateral can be formed from these points.

(iii) (4,5), (7,6), (4,3), (1,2)

Ans: Let the points (4,5), (7,6), (4,3), (1,2) be representing the vertices A, B, C,
and D of the given quadrilateral respectively.

Using the Distance Formula = (x1 -x 2 ) 2 +(y1 -y 2 ) 2 ,

AB  (4  7) 2  (5  6) 2

 (3)2 +(-1)2

 9 1

 10

BC  (7  4) 2  (6  3) 2

 32 +32

 9+9

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 18

CD  (4  1) 2  (3  2) 2

 32 +12

 9+1

 10

AD  (4  1) 2  (5  2) 2

 32 +32

 9+9

 18

Diagonal AC  (4  4) 2  (5  3) 2

 0+2 2

 4 =2

Diagonal BD  (7  1) 2  (6  2) 2

 62  42

 36  16 = 52

 2 13
Here, the opposite sides of this quadrilateral are of the same length i.e., AB =
CD and BC = AD. But, the diagonals are of different lengths.
Therefore, the given points are the vertices of a parallelogram.

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7. Find the point on the x-axis which is equidistant from (2,-5) and (-2,9) .

Ans: If the point is on x-axis the co-ordinates will be P  x, 0  . We have to find

a point on x-axis which is equidistant from A  2,-5 and B  -2,9  .

Using the Distance Formula = (x1 -x 2 ) 2 +(y1 -y 2 ) 2

PA  (x  2) 2  (0  (5)) 2

 (x  2) 2  52

PB  (x  (2)) 2  (0  (9)) 2

 (x  2) 2  92

By the given condition, these distances are equal in measure.

Hence PA = PB

(x  2) 2  52  (x  2) 2  92

 (x  2)2  25  (x  2) 2  81

 x 2  4  4x  25  x 2  4  4x  81
 8x= 25-81
 8x= -56
 x= -7
Hence, P  -7, 0  is the point on the x-axis which is equidistance from the given
points.

8. Find the values of y for which the distance between the points P(2,-3) and
Q(10,y) is 10 units.

Ans: We know that the distance between the two points is given by the Distance

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Formula = (x1 -x 2 ) 2 +(y1 -y 2 ) 2

Distance between points A  2,-3 and B 10,y  is 10 units. Therefore, by

substituting the values of points A (2, −3) and B (10, y) in Distance Equation

(2-10) 2 +(-3-y) 2  10

 (-8)2 +(3+y)2  10

Squaring both sides

 64+(3+y)2  100

 (y+3)2  36

 (y+3)  6

 (y+3)  6 or (y+3)  6

Therefore, y = -3 or 9 are the possible values for y.

9. If Q(0,1) is equidistant from P(5,-3) and R(x,6) , find the values of x. Also
find the distance QR and PR.
Ans: We know that the distance between the two points is given by the Distance
Formula = (x1 -x 2 ) 2 +(y1 -y 2 ) 2

As Q(0,1) is equidistant from P(5,-3) and R(x,6) .

So, PQ = QR

(5  0) 2  (3  1) 2  (0  x) 2  (1  6) 2

 52  (4) 2  ( x) 2  (5) 2

 25  16  x 2  25 (By squaring both sides)

 16  x 2

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 x 2  4
Therefore, point R is (4,6) or (-4,6)

Case (1),
When point R is (4,6) ,

Distance between P(5,-3) and R(4,6)

PR= (5  4) 2  (3  6) 2

 (1) 2  (9)2

 1  81

 82
Distance between Q(0,1) and R(4,6)

QR = (0  4) 2  (1  6) 2

 (4) 2  (5) 2

 16  25

 41
Case (2),
When point R is (-4,6) ,

Distance between P(5,-3) and R(-4,6)

PR = (5  (4)) 2  (3  6) 2

 (9) 2  (9) 2

 81  81

9 2

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Distance between Q(0,1) and R(-4,6)

QR = (0  (4)) 2  (1  6) 2

 (4) 2  (5) 2

 16  25

 41

10. Find a relation between x and y such that the point (x, y) is equidistant
from the point (3,6) and (-3,4) .

Ans: We know that the distance between the two points is given by the Distance
Formula = (x1 -x 2 ) 2 +(y1 -y 2 ) 2

Point P(x, y) be equidistant from points A(3,6) and B(-3,4) .

Therefore, PA = PB

(x  3) 2  (y  6)2  (x  (3)) 2  (y  4) 2

 (x  3) 2  (y  6) 2  (x  3) 2  (y  4) 2

Squaring both sides

 (x  3)2  (y  6)2  (x  3) 2  (y  4) 2

 x 2  9  6x  y2  36  12y  x 2  9  6x  y 2  16  8y

 36  16  6x  6x  12y  8y

 20  12x  4y

 3x  y  5

 3x  y  5  0

Thus, the relation between x and y is given by 3x  y  5  0

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