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12 views3 pages

Lab 12

Uploaded by

sundui sundui
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Object-Oriented Design — Lab 9

Jeff Epstein
November 7, 2011

Introduction For this exercise, you must work in pairs. Choose a partner
from the class. You will submit your programs together. If you can’t find a
partner, ask your lab instructor.
If you need help with the exercises, ask your lab instructor.
Do not copy code from other groups. Do not copy code from the internet.
You must be able to answer any questions about your code.

Rules For these exercises, you must use good programming style. Specifically:

• Use comments for all functions and classes.

• Each class has a constructor and, if appropriate, a destructor.


• Use good and consistent indentation.
• Create a header file for each class.

• Use good, accurate variable names.


• Use C++ data types (like string) instead of C data types (like char*).

Introduction The n-body problem (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N-body_problem)


is a famous problem. We will write a program to simulate the gravitation be-
tween a number of bodies.
The gravitational force between two bodies is F = G M1d×M
2
2
where

• G is the gravitational constant


• M1 is the mass of the first body
• M2 is the mass of the second body
• d is the distance between the two bodies

We will focus on a two-dimension simulation. Therefore we are interested in


the horizontal force (Fx ) and vertical force (Fy ) on each body.
The net force on a body is the sum of all forces on it.
The acceleration of a body is given by a = F/m where

1
• F is the force on that body
• m is the mass of that body.
Similarly, the horizontal and vertical forces are given by ax = Fx /m and
ay = Fy /m.

Program You will create a class named Body. This class represents a single
body, and will store its current position, acceleration, and mass.
You will also create a class named Universe. This class controls the simu-
lation. It will store a vector of all bodies.
We read data about the bodies from a file. The file should be named
nbody.txt. Use the ifstream class to read the file. Here is an example file:
.00005
S 500 500 0 0 100000000
P 255 255 2 0 1
A 745 745 -2 0 2
M 270 740 -1.5 -3 12000
Q 253 450 0 -2 50000
R 500 0 3 0 1000000
V 504 0 4 4 0.000001
The first line contains a value for G, the gravitational constant.
The other lines contain information about a body. Each line says:
• The body’s name (a string).
• The body’s initial horizontal position (a double).
• The body’s initial vertical position (a double).
• The body’s initial horizontal velocity (a double).
• The body’s initial vertical velocity (a double).
• The body’s mass (a double).
The x and y coordinates of position are between 0 and 1000. So, in the
above file, the body “S” (the sun) is in the middle of the universe and is not
moving initially.
For a demonstration of this universe, watch the movie http://www.ductape.net/~eppie/lab9.ogv
You may need to install VLC.
You can download example files from http://www.ductape.net/~eppie/lab9-examples.zip.
You can also create your own universes.
Your program will have a simple structure. Basically:
read data file "nbody.txt"
repeat forever:
display bodies
update position of bodies

2
To display bodies, show each body as a letter on the screen.
To update position of bodies, calculate the force on each body. Then
you can calculate the bodies’ acceleration. When you know the acceleration
of each body, you can calculate its new velocity. Finally, when you know the
velocity, you can calculate the new position. Each iteration of the loop, we will
update each body’s position and velocity.
Remember that the velocity is the integral of the acceleration. The position
is the integral of the velocity.

Extra functions Download http://www.ductape.net/~eppie/lab9.zip and


add the files to your project. There are two useful functions:

• void sleep(long ms) will wait ms milliseconds. You can use this to slow
down the animation.
• void putText(string text, unsigned x, unsigned y) will display the
string text, starting at column x and row y.

File access You can use the ifstream (for input file stream) class to read
data from a file. It is similar to cin.

/*
The file "integers.txt" should contain
integers separated by whitespace, for example:
34 435 65 234 345 4
*/
#include <fstream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
ifstream thefile("integers.txt"); // create new file object for reading
while (thefile) // repeat until we reach end of file
{
int someint;
thefile >> someint; // read an integer from the file
cout << someint << endl; // display the int
}
return 0;
}

References For more information about using the ifstream, string, or


vector classes, consult http://www.cplusplus.com/reference/

Submission Each file must contain your full name and email address in a
comment.
Put all your source code in a ZIP file and send it to [email protected]

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