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Gokul

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3 views3 pages

Stat U1

Gokul

Uploaded by

rmzakash61
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Statistics and Analytics

Unit:1 Statistical data collection and types

Statistics: Statistics is basically a study of data.


Data: An information of facts and figures collected for a given definite purpose in
any manner.
Data Tree
Data

Qualitative data Quantitative data

Nominal Ordinal Discrete Continuous

In data, we have two types:


1. Qualitative data: Which represents the characteristics.
Eg: Name, Gender, Language…..
2. Quantitative data: Which is anything that can be expressed as a number.
Eg: Marks, Price, Height, eight…..

1. Qualitative data:
There are two types of Qualitative data.
i) Nominal data: which represents discrete units and are used to label
“variable has no orders”
Ex: 1) Are you Indian?
Yes No
2) What language do you speak?
Hindi Kannada English
ii) Ordinal data: which represents discrete and “ordered variables”
Ex: 1) How was the food?
Very good Good Bad Very bad
2) Educational Qualification
SSLC PUC Degree Masters PhD

2. Quantitative data:
There are two types of Qualitative data.
i) Discrete data: This type of data cant be measured but it can be counted.
This type of data attains any value.
Ex: 1. Number of heads in 100 coin flips.
2.Number of students in a class.
ii) Continuous data: This type of data be measured but cant be counted.
Ex: 1. Height of a person
2.Temperature
3.Time
4.Speed of a car
Data Collection Tools
Data collection tool refers to the way/ method/ device/ instrument used to collect
data for a definite purpose.
In data collection we have two types,
1) Primary Data Collection: This type of data collection is also called first hand
data.
In primary data collection, the data is collected by the researcher
himself using quantitative and qualitative methods.
2) Secondary Data Collection: This type involves collecting data from other
sources. i.e. *Data available on interest.
* Data collected on Govt. and non-Govt agencies
* public libraries
*Educational institutions Commercial Information source (magazine, media,
radio,….)

In primary data collection, we have 4 types:


1. Questionnaire
2. Survey
3. Interview
4. Focus group discussion

1. Questionnaire: It is a research method consists of series of questions and other


prompts for the purpose of gathering information from respondants.
There are two kinds of Questionnaire
A) Open-Ended
Ex: How was your experience in our restaurant

In this type, we can share any experience regarding the given problem
statement.
B) Closed-Ended questionnaire: (Fixed)
Ex: 1) How was the food?
2)How was the serving?
3) How was the cleanliness and all?

In this type, they have possible answers so that we can select. (Ex: yes or No,
Good or Bad, …..)

2. Survey:
Survey is a data collection tool for gathering information from a sample
population with the intention of generalizing the result to a larger
population.
There is no much differences between questionnaire and survey.
Questionnaire is simply a tool used to conduct survey.
3. Interview:
Which involves asking questions and getting answers from the participants
in a study.

Various forms of interviewing are


o Face to face
o Group interviews
o Individual interviews
Ways of Interviews
o Structural
o Semi-structural
o Un-structural

4. Focus-Group Discussion:
This research involves asking open-ended questions to a group of
individuals, usually having 6 to 10 members to provide feed back.
This data collection focus more on questionnaire research.

Data Cleaning
Data cleaning is the process of detecting and correction corrupt/
inaccurate data from a data set. Data cleaning involves;
i) Removal of unwanted observations
ii) Handles missing data
iii) Fixing structural errors
iv) Managing unwanted entries

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