1a 2019 Complete

BLUE PRINT OF MATHEMATICS -1A
SL.NO CHAPTER NAME VSAQ(2M) SAQ(4) LAQ(7M) TOTAL
1 FUNCTIONS 2+2 4 11
2 MATHEMATICAL INDUCTION 7 7
3 MATRICES 2+2 4 7+7 22
4 ADDITION OF VECTORS 2+2 4 8
5 MULTIPLICATION OF VECTORS 2 4 7 13
6 TRIGONOMETRY RATIO’S 2+2 4 7 15

UPTO TRANSFORMATION
7 TRIGONOMTRY EQUATIONS - 4 - 4
8 INVERSE TRIGONOMETRY 4 - 4
9 HYPERBOLIC TRIGONOMETRY 2 - - 2
10 PROPERTIES OF TRIANGLES - 4 7 11
TOTAL 20/20 20/28 35/49 75/97

MARKS
AIMSTUTORIAL.IN
(A PLACE TO LEARN)
9000687600
Mathematics 1A AIMSTUTORIAL
1. If f : A  B, g : B  C are two bijection, 2. If f: A  B, g : B C are bijection, then
then prove that gof: A  C is also a prove that (gof) -1 = f -1og-1.
bijection. A: Given that
f: A  B is a bijection.
A: Given: f: A  B, g: B C are bijection. g: B  C is a bijection.
f -1 : B  A is a bijection.
Part 1: g -1 : C B is a bijection.
To prove that gof: A → C is one-one. gof: A  C is also a bijection.
Now f: A  B, g: B C are one-one (gof) -1: C  A is a bijection.

functions. f -1og-1: C  A. is a bijection.
gof: AC is a function.
Let a1, a2  A  f(a1), f(a2)  B Thus (gof) -1 and (f- 1og-1) both the functions
and (gof) (a1), (gof)(a2) C. exist and have same domain C and same
Suppose that (gof)(a1) = (gof)(a2) co domain A.
 g[f(a1)] = g[f(a2)]
Let c be any element in C.
 f(a1) = f(a2) g is one-one Since g: B  C is onto, there exists atleast
 a1 = a2 f is one-one one element b B such that g(b) = c
gof: A  C is one-one.....(1)  b = g -1 (c)  g is a bijection
Part 2:- To prove that gof: A C is onto. Since f: A  B is onto, there exists atleast
one element a A such that f (a) = b.
Now f: A B, g: B  C are onto functions.  a = f -1(b) f is a bijection
gof: A C is a function.
Let c C; Since g:BC is onto, there Consider (gof) (a) = g[f(a)]
exists at least one element b B such that = g(b)
g(b) = c.  (gof) (a) = c.
Since f: A  B is also onto, there exists at  a = (gof) -1 (c) gof is a bijection
least one element aA such that f(a) = b
Now (gof) (a) = g[f(a)]
= g(b)
=c
For c C, there is an element a A such
that (gof) (a) = c. Consider (f-1og-1) (c) = f- 1 [g -1(c)]
so gof : A C is onto.....(2) = f- 1 (b)
Since gof: A  C is both one-one and onto =a
From (1) & (2)  (gof) -1 (c) = (f- 1og-1) (c) ∀ c C.
 (gof) -1 = f -1og-1
gof: A  C is a bijection.
Functions LAQ Q.No:18 | www.aimstutorial.in

3. If f : A  B, IA and IB are identity 4. If f: A  B is a bijection, then show that
functions on A and B , then prove that fof-1 = IB and f-1of = IA.
foIA = IB of = f. A: Given that f: A  B is a bijection
A: Given that f: A  B  f -1 : B  A.
IA : A A is defined by IA (a) = a ∀ a  A. Part 1:- To show that fof-1 = IB
IB : B B is defined by IB (b) = b ∀ b  B. Now
f -1: B  A,
Part 1:- To prove that foIA = f f: A  B
fof-1: B B.
Now Also IB: B B
IA: A A, Thus fof-1 and IB have same domain B and
f: A  B same co domain B.
foIA : A  B
Let a be any element in A.
Also f: A  B
Since f: A  B, there is a unique element
Thus foIA and f both the functions exist and have bB.
such that f(a) = b
same domain A and same co domain B.
 a = f- 1 (b) f is a bijection
Let a A Consider (fof-1)(b) = f[f -1(b)]
Since f: A  B, there exists a unique = f (a)
element b B such that f (a) = b =b
Consider (foIA) (a) = f [IA(a)] = IB (b)
= f(a) IB: B B  IB(b) = b
 (foIA) (a) = f (a) ∀a A
(fof- 1) (b) = IB(b) bB
Hence foIA = f............. (1)
Thus fof-1 = IB
Part 2:- To show that IB of = f
Part 2:- To prove that f -1of = IA
Now
Now
f : A  B,
f: A  B,
f :BA
-1
IB: B B
 f -1of: A A
 IBof : A  B Also IA: A A
Also f: A  B Thus f-1of and IA have the same domain A
a+nd the same co domain A.
Thus IBof and f both the functions exist and
have same domain A and co domain B. Now (f -1of) (a) = f -1 [f (a)]
= f -1 (b)
Consider (IBof)(a) = IB[f(a)] =a
= IB(b) = IA(a)
=b IA: A A IA (a) = a
= f(a)
(f- 1of) (a) = IA (a) ∀a  A
 (IB of) (a) = f(a)∀a  A 2
 f of = IA
-1
 IB of = f............... (2)
fof-1 = IB and f -1of = IA.
 From (1) & (2) foIA = f = IB of.

6. Let A = {1, 2, 3}, B = {a, b, c}, C = {p, q, r}.
5. If f : A  B, g : B  A are two functions If f : A  B, g : B C are defined by
such that gof = IA and fog = IB then prove f = {(1, a), (2, c), (3, b)}, g = {(a, q), (b, r),
that g = f-1. (c, p)}, then show that f -1og-1 = (gof) -1.
A: Given that f: A  B, g: B  A are two
functions A: Given that
Such that gof = IA and fog = IB. A = {1, 2, 3}, B = {a, b, c}, C = {p, q, r}
f: A  B, g : B  C are given by
Part 1: - To prove that f is one-one.
Let a1, a2A  f(a1), f(a2)  B
f = {(1, a), (2, c), (3, b)}
Consider f(a1) = f(a2)
f -1 = {(a, 1), (b, 3), (c, 2)} and
 g[f(a1)] = g[f(a2)]
 (gof) (a1) = (gof) (a2)
g = {(a, q), (b, r), (c, p)}
 IA (a1) = IA(a2) gof = IA
 a1 = a2 g -1 = {(q, a), (r, b), (p, c)}
Thus f: A  B is one-one. 
f g gof (𝒈𝒐𝒇)−𝟏
(1, 𝑎) ⇾ (𝑎, 𝑞 ) (1, 𝑞 ) (𝑞, 1)
Part 2:-To prove that f is onto.
(2, 𝑐 ) ⇾ (𝑐, 𝑝) (2, 𝑝) (𝑝, 2)
Let b B
g: BA, there exists a unique element a A (3, 𝑏) ⇾ (𝑏, 𝑟) (3, 𝑟) (𝑟, 3)..... (1)
such that g(b) = a.
Now f(a) = f[g(b)]
= (fog) (b)
= IB (b) fog = IB 𝑔−1 𝑓 −1 𝑔−1 𝑜𝑓 −1
=b (𝑞, 𝑎) ⇾ (𝑎, 1) (𝑞, 1)
So f: A  B is onto. (𝑟, 𝑏) ⇾ (𝑏, 3) (𝑟, 3)
Since f is one-one and onto, so f is a bijection. (𝑝, 𝑐 ) ⇾ (𝑐, 2) (𝑝, 2) ... (2)
 f -1 : B  A
Also g: B  A
From (1) and (2) (f -1og-1) = (gof) -1.
Thus both the functions f-1 and g have the same
domain B and same co domain A.
Part 3:- To show that g = f -1

From previous part, f (a) = b
 a = f -1 (b)
Also g(b) = a
   g(b) = f -1(b) ∀ b  B.
g = f -1.
3

7. If f : Q Q defined by f(x) = 5x+4 for 8. If 𝒇 = {(𝟒, 𝟓), (𝟓, 𝟔), (𝟔, −𝟒)}𝒂𝒏𝒅
all x  Q, show that f is a bijection and 𝒈 = {(𝟒, −𝟒), (𝟔, 𝟓), (𝟖, 𝟓)} 𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒏 𝒇𝒊𝒏𝒅
find f- 1.
(𝒊)𝒇 + 𝒈 (𝒊𝒊) 𝒇 − 𝒈 (𝒊𝒊𝒊) 𝟐𝒇 + 𝟒𝒈
A: Given that
f : Q Q is defined by f(x) = 5x + 4 𝒇
(𝒊𝒗) 𝒇 + 𝟒 (𝒗) 𝒇𝒈 (𝒗𝒊)
Part 1:- To prove that f is one-one 𝒈
Let x1, x2 Q (domain) and (𝒗𝒊𝒊)|𝒇| (𝒗𝒊𝒊𝒊)√𝒇 (𝒊𝒙)𝒇𝟐 𝟑
(𝑿)𝒇 .
f(x1) = f(x2) 𝑺𝒐𝒍:
𝑮𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒏 𝒕𝒉𝒂𝒕 𝒇=
 5x1 + 4 = 5x2 + 4
{(𝟒, 𝟓), (𝟓, 𝟔), (𝟔, −𝟒)}𝒂𝒏𝒅
 5x1 = 5x2 𝒈 = {(𝟒, −𝟒), (𝟔, 𝟓), (𝟖, 𝟓)}
 x1 = x2
 f: Q Q is one-one.
(𝒊)𝒇 + 𝒈 = {(𝟒, 𝟓 + (−𝟒)), (𝟔, +(−𝟒) + 𝟓)}
Part 2:- To prove that f is onto = {(𝟒, 𝟏), (𝟔, 𝟏)}
Let y  the codomain Q and x  domain Q
(𝒊𝒊) 𝒇 − 𝒈 = {(𝟒, 𝟓 − (−𝟒)), (𝟔, −(−𝟒) + 𝟓)}
such that = {(𝟒, 𝟗), (𝟔, −𝟗)}
f(x) = y
 5x + 4 = y (𝒊𝒊𝒊) 𝟐𝒇 + 𝟒𝒈
y4
 x= {(𝟒, 𝟏𝟎), (𝟓, 𝟏𝟐), (𝟔, −𝟖)} +
5 {(𝟒, −𝟏𝟔), (𝟔, 𝟐𝟎), (𝟖, 𝟐𝟎)}={(4, -6), (6, 12)}
So for every y  codomain Q, there is a
preimage  domain Q such that
 y4 (𝒊𝒗) 𝒇 + 𝟒 ={(4, 5+4), (5, 6+4), (6, -
f =y
 5  4+4)}={(4, 9), (5, 10), (6, 0)}
Thus f : Q Q is onto. (𝒗) 𝒇𝒈 = {(𝟒, −𝟐𝟎), (𝟔, −𝟐𝟎)}

Part 3:-To find f-1(x)
𝒇 𝟓 𝟒
Since f is both one-one, onto, so it is a (𝒗𝒊)
𝒈
= {(𝟒, − 𝟒) , (𝟔, − 𝟓)}
bijection.
f(x) = y  x = f-1 (y)
5x + 4 = y  x = =f-1(y) (𝒗𝒊𝒊)|𝒇| = {(𝟒, 𝟓), (𝟓, 𝟔), (𝟔, 𝟒)}
x4
 f-1(x) = . (𝒗𝒊𝒊𝒊)√𝒇 = {(𝟒, √𝟓), (𝟓, √𝟔)}
5
(𝒊𝒙)𝒇𝟐 = {(𝟒, 𝟐𝟓), (𝟓, 𝟑𝟔), (𝟔, 𝟏𝟔)}
(𝑿)𝒇𝟑 = {(𝟒, 𝟏𝟐𝟓), (𝟓, 𝟐𝟏𝟔), (𝟔, −𝟔𝟒)}.

JR.MATHEMATICS - IA AIMSTUTORIAL. IN
𝒏(𝒏+𝟏)(𝟐𝒏+𝟏)
1. Using mathematical induction, Show that 𝟏𝟐 + 𝟐𝟐 + 𝟑𝟐 + ⋯ … … . . +𝒏𝟐 = .
𝟔
𝑛(𝑛+1)(2𝑛+1)
Sol:𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑝(𝑛) = 12 + 22 + 32 +. . +𝑛2 = .
6
Step-1:T0 P.T P(1) is true (put n=1)
L.H.S R.H.S 𝑡𝑛 = 𝑛2
𝑛(𝑛+1)(2𝑛+1)
𝑛2 .
6 𝑡𝑘 = 𝑘 2
1.2.3
= (1)2 = 6
𝑡𝑘+1 = (𝑘 + 1)2
=1 =1
L.H.S=R.H.S ∴p (1) is true for n=1.
Step-𝟐: 𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑢𝑠 𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑝(𝑘 ) 𝑖𝑠 𝑡𝑟𝑢𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑛 = 𝑘. AIMS

𝑘(𝑘+1)(2𝑘+1)
⇒ 𝑝(𝑘) = 12 + 22 + 32 +. . +𝑘 2 = 6
Step-3: 𝑇𝑜 𝑃. 𝑇 𝑝(𝑘 + 1)𝑖𝑠 𝑡𝑟𝑢𝑒{𝑎𝑑𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑏𝑜𝑡ℎ 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠 (𝑘 + 1)𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚}
𝑘(𝑘+1)(2𝑘+1) (𝑘+1)2
𝑝(𝑘 + 1) = 12 + 22 + 32 +. . +𝑘 2 + (𝑘 + 1)2 = +
6 1
𝑘(𝑘+1)(2𝑘+1)+6(𝑘+1)2
=
6
(𝑘+1)[𝑘(2𝑘+1)+6(𝑘+1)]
=
6
(𝑘+1)[2𝑘 2 +𝑘+6𝑘+6]
=
6
(𝑘+1)[2𝑘 2 +7𝑘+6]
=
6
(𝑘+1)[2𝑘 2 +4𝑘+3𝑘+6]
=
6
(𝑘+1)[2𝑘(𝑘+2)+3(𝑘+2)]
=
6
(𝑘+1)(𝑘+2)(2𝑘+3)
=
6
(𝑘+1)(𝑘+2)[2(𝑘+1)+1]
=
6
∴ 𝑇ℎ𝑢𝑠 𝑝(𝑘 + 1)𝑖𝑠 𝑡𝑟𝑢𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑛 = 𝑘 + 1. 1
𝑏𝑦 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑎𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛, 𝑝(𝑛) is true for all n∈ N.
MATHEMATICAL INDUCTION LAQ Q.No:19 | www.Aimstutorial.in

𝒏𝟐(𝒏+𝟏)𝟐
2. Using mathematical induction, Show that 𝟏𝟑 + 𝟐𝟑 + 𝟑𝟑 + ⋯ … … . . +𝒏𝟑 = .
𝟒
Sol: let
𝑛 2(𝑛+1)2
p (n) =13 + 23 + 33 + ⋯ … … . . +𝑛3 = .
4
Step-1: put n=1 𝑡𝑛 = 𝑛3
L.H.S R.H.S
= 𝑛3 =
𝑛 2(𝑛+1)2 𝑡𝑘 = 𝑘 3
4
1.22
= (1)3 = 4 𝑡𝑘+1 = (𝑘 + 1)3
=1 =1 AIMS
Step-𝟐: 𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑢𝑠 𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑝(𝑘 ) 𝑖𝑠 𝑡𝑟𝑢𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑛 = 𝑘.

𝑛 2(𝑛+1)2
⇒𝑝(𝑘 ) = 13 + 23 + 33 + ⋯ … … . . +𝑛3 = 4
Step-3: 𝑎𝑑𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑏𝑜𝑡ℎ 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠 (𝑘 + 1) 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚

𝑘 2 (𝑘+1)2 (𝑘+1)3
𝑝(𝑘 + 1) = 13 + 23 + 33 + ⋯ … … . . +𝑘 3 + (𝑘 + 1)3 = +
4 1
𝑘 2 (𝑘+1)2 +4(𝑘+1)3
=
4
(𝑘+1)2 {𝑘 2 +4(𝑘+1)}
=
4
(𝑘+1)2 {𝑘 2 +4𝑘+4}
=
4
(𝑘+1)2 (𝑘+2)2
=
4
∴ 𝑇ℎ𝑢𝑠 𝑝(𝑘 + 1)𝑖𝑠 𝑡𝑟𝑢𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑛 = 𝑘 + 1.


𝒏(𝒏+𝟏)(𝒏+𝟐)(𝒏+𝟑)
3. S.T 1.2.3+2.3.4+3.4.5+………..up to n terms = .
𝟒
Sol: let
𝑛(𝑛+1)(𝑛+2)(𝑛+3)
𝑝(𝑛) = 1.2.3 + 2.34 + ⋯ + 𝑛(𝑛 + 1)(𝑛 + 2) = .
4
Step-1: put n=1

L.H.S R.H.S
𝑛(𝑛+1)(𝑛+2)(𝑛+3)
𝑛(𝑛 + 1)(𝑛 + 2) .
4
1.2.3.4
=1.2.3 = AIMS
4
=6 =6

𝑛(𝑛+1)(𝑛+2)(𝑛+3)
⇒𝑝(𝑘 ) = 1.2.3 + 2.3.4 + ⋯ + 𝑘 (𝑘 + 1)(𝑘 + 2) = 4
⇨ P(k+1)=1.2.3+2.3.4+….+𝑘(𝑘 + 1)(𝑘 + 2) + (𝑘 + 1)(𝑘 + 2)(𝐾 + 3)
𝑘(𝑘+1)(𝑘+2)(𝑘+3) (k+1)(k+2)(k+3)
= +
4 1
𝑘(𝑘+1)(𝑘+2)(𝑘+3)+4(k+1)(k+2)(k+3)
=
4
(𝑘+1)(𝑘+2)(𝑘+3){𝑘+4}
=
4


𝒏(𝒏𝟐+𝟔𝒏+𝟏𝟏)
4. S.T 2.3+3.4+4.5+…up to n terms = .
𝟑
𝑛(𝑛 2+6𝑛+11)
Sol: 𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑝(𝑛) = 2.3 + 3.4 + ⋯ + (𝑛 + 1)(𝑛 + 2) = .
3
Step-1: put n=1
L.H.S R.H.S
𝑛(𝑛 2+6𝑛+11)
(𝑛 + 1)(𝑛 + 2)
3
1.(1+6+11)
=2.3 = 3
18
=6 = =6
3
L.H.S=R.H.S ∴p (1) is true for n=1. AIMS

𝑘(𝑘 2 +6𝑘+11)
⇒𝑝(𝑘 ) = 2.3 + 3.4 + ⋯ + (𝑘 + 1)(𝑘 + 2) = 3

P (k+1) = 2.3 + 3.4 + ⋯ + (𝑘 + 1)(𝑘 + 2) + (𝑘 + 2)(𝑘 + 3)
𝑘(𝑘 2+6𝑘+11)
= + (𝑘 + 2)(𝑘 + 3)
3
𝑘(𝑘 2 +6𝑘+11) (𝑘+2)(𝑘+3)
= +
3 1
𝑘(𝑘 2 +6𝑘+11)+3(𝑘+2)(𝑘+3)
=
3
𝑘 3 +6𝑘 2 +11𝑘+3(𝑘 2 +5𝑘+6)
=
3
𝑘 3 +6𝑘 2 +11𝑘+3𝑘 2 +15𝑘+18
=
3
𝑘 3 +9𝑘 2 +26𝑘+18
=
3
(𝑘+1)(𝑘 2 +8𝑘+18)
=
3
(𝑘+1)(𝑘 2 +2𝑘+1+6𝑘+6+11)
=
3
(𝑘+1)[(𝑘+1)2 +6(𝑘+1)+11]
=
3
4

𝒏[𝟐𝒂+(𝒏−𝟏)𝒅]
5. S. T 𝒂 + (𝒂 + 𝒅) + ⋯ . +𝒖𝒑 𝒕𝒐 𝒏 𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒎𝒔 = .
𝟐
𝑛[2𝑎+(𝑛−1)𝑑]
𝑠𝑜𝑙: 𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑝(𝑛) = 𝑎 + (𝑎 + 𝑑 ) + ⋯ . +𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑 = .
2
Step-1: put n=1
L.H.S R.H.S
𝑛[2𝑎+(𝑛−1)𝑑]
𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑 2
1.[2𝑎+0] 2𝑎
=a+0 = =
2 2
=a =a
L.H.S=R.H.S ∴p(1) is true for n=1.
AIMS
Step-𝟐: 𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑢𝑠 𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑝(𝑘) 𝑖𝑠 𝑡𝑟𝑢𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑛 = 𝑘.

𝑘
⇒𝑝(𝑘) = 𝑎 + (𝑎 + 𝑑 ) + ⋯ + 𝑎 + (𝑘 − 1)𝑑 = 2 {2𝑎 + (𝑘 − 1)𝑑}
⇒ 𝑝(𝑘 + 1) = 𝑎 + (𝑎 + 𝑑 ) + ⋯ + {𝑎 + (𝑘 − 1)𝑑 } + (𝑎 + 𝑘𝑑 )
𝑘
= {2𝑎 + (𝑘 − 1)𝑑}+(𝑎 + 𝑘𝑑)
2
𝑘{2𝑎+(𝑘−1)𝑑} {𝑎+𝑘𝑑}
= +
2 1
2𝑎𝑘+𝑘 2 𝑑−𝑘𝑑+2𝑎+2𝑘𝑑
=
2
2𝑎(𝑘+1)+𝑘 2 𝑑+𝑘𝑑
=
2
2𝑎(𝑘+1)+𝑘𝑑(𝑘+1)
=
2
(𝑘+1){2𝑎+𝑘𝑑}
=
2
(𝑘+1){2𝑎+(𝑘+1−1)𝑑}
=
2
𝑏𝑦 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑎𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛, 𝑝(𝑛) Is true for all n∈ N.

(𝒓𝒏 −𝟏)
6. S.T 𝒂 + 𝒂𝒓 + 𝒂r2+ ⋯ 𝒖𝒑 𝒕𝒐 𝒏 𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒎𝒔 = 𝒂 (𝒓−𝟏)
(𝑟 𝑛−1)
𝑠𝑜𝑙: 𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑝(𝑛) = 𝑎 + 𝑎𝑟 + 𝑎r2+ ⋯ 𝑎. 𝑟 𝑛−1 = 𝑎 (𝑟−1)
Step-1: put n=1
L.H.S R.H.S
(𝑟 𝑛−1)
𝑎. 𝑟 𝑛−1 𝑎 (𝑟−1)
𝑟−1
=a.r0 = 𝑎 𝑟−1
=a =a
AIMS

(𝑟 𝑘 −1)
⇒𝑝(𝑘) = 𝑎 + 𝑎𝑟 + 𝑎r2+ ⋯ 𝑎. 𝑟 𝑘−1 = 𝑎 (𝑟−1)
.

𝑝(𝑘 + 1) = 𝑎 + 𝑎𝑟 + 𝑎r2+ ⋯ 𝑎. 𝑟 𝑘−1 + 𝑎. 𝑟 𝑘
(𝑟 𝑘 − 1)
=𝑎 + 𝑎. 𝑟 𝑘
(𝑟 − 1)
(𝑟 𝑘 −1) 𝑟𝑘
=a { (𝑟−1) + }
1
𝑟 𝑘 −1+𝑟 𝑘 .𝑟−𝑟 𝑘
=𝑎 ( )
𝑟−1
𝑟 𝑘+1 −1
= 𝑎( ).
𝑟−1


𝒏(𝒏+𝟏)𝟐 (𝒏+𝟐)
7. S. T 12+(𝟏𝟐 +22) +(𝟏𝟐 + 𝟐𝟐 +32)+ …up to n terms = .
𝟏𝟐
𝑛(𝑛+1)(2𝑛+1)
Sol: let p (n) = 12+(12 +22) +(12 + 22 +32) + …..…+ 6
𝑛(𝑛+1)2 (𝑛+2)
= .
12
Step-1: put n=1
L.H.S R.H.S
𝑛(𝑛+1)(2𝑛+1) 𝑛(𝑛+1)2 (𝑛+2)
.
6 12
1.2.3 1(1+1)2 (1+2) 12
= = =12
6 12
=1 =1

𝑘(𝑘+1)(2𝑘+1) 𝑘(𝑘+1) 2(𝑘+2)
⇒𝑝(𝑘) = 12 + (12 + 22) + (12 + 22 + 32)+ . . … + = .
6 12

𝑘(𝑘+1)(2𝑘+1)
𝑝(𝑘 + 1) = 12+(12 + 22) + (12 + 22 + 32) + … . … + 6
(𝑘+1)(𝑘+2)(2𝑘+3) 𝑘(𝑘+1)2 (𝑘+2) (𝑘+1)(𝑘+2)(2𝑘+3)
+ = +
6 12 6
𝑘(𝑘+1)2 (𝑘+2)+2(𝑘+1)(𝑘+2)(2𝑘+3)
=
12
(𝑘+1)(𝑘+2){𝑘(𝑘+1)+2(2𝑘+3)}
=
12
(𝑘+1)(𝑘+2){𝑘 2 +𝑘+4𝑘+6}
=
12
(𝑘+1)(𝑘+2){𝑘 2 +5𝑘+6}
=
12
(𝑘+1)(𝑘+2){(𝑘+2)(𝑘+3)}
=
12
(𝑘+1)(𝑘+2)2 (𝑘+3)
= .
12

7

𝟏𝟑 𝟏𝟑 +𝟐𝟑 𝟏𝟑 +𝟐𝟑 +𝟑𝟑 𝒏

8. S. T + + + ⋯ 𝒖𝒑 𝒕𝒐 𝒏 𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒎𝒔 = 𝟐𝟒 (𝟐𝒏𝟐 + 𝟗𝒏 + 𝟏𝟑).
𝟏 𝟏+𝟑 𝟏+𝟑+𝟓
13 13 +23 13 +23 +33 (𝑛+1)2 𝑛
𝑠𝑜𝑙: 𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑝(𝑛) = + + +⋯+ = 24 (2𝑛2 + 9𝑛 + 13).
1 1+3 1+3+5 4
Step-1: put n=1
L.H.S R.H.S
(𝑛+1)2 𝑛
(2𝑛2 + 9𝑛 + 13).
4 24
4 (2+9+13) 24
=4 =1 = =24 =1
24
=1 =1
AIMS
13 13 +23 13 +23 +33 (𝑘+1)2 𝑘
⇒ 𝑝 (𝑛 ) = + + +⋯+ = 24 (2𝑘 2 + 9𝑘 + 13).
1 1+3 1+3+5 4

13 13 +23 13 +23 +33 (𝑘+1)2 (𝑘+2)2
𝑝( 𝑛 ) = + + + ⋯+ +
1 1+3 1+3+5 4 4
𝑘 (𝑘+2)2
= 24 (2𝑘 2 + 9𝑘 + 13)+
4
2𝑘 3 +9𝑘 2 +13𝑘+6(𝑘 2 +4𝑘+4)

=
24
(2𝑘 3 +9𝑘 2 +13𝑘+6𝑘 2 +24𝑘+24)

=
24
2𝑘 3 +15𝑘 2 +37𝑘+24
=( )
24
(𝑘+1)(2𝑘 2 +13𝑘+24)
=
24
(𝑘+1)(2𝑘 2 +4𝑘+2+9𝑘+9+13)
=
24
(𝑘+1){2(𝑘+1)2 +9(𝑘+1)+13}
=
24
∴P (k+1) is true
Hence, by the principle of mathematical induction, the given statement is
true for all n∈ N.
8

𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝒏
9. Show that + 𝟒.𝟕 + 𝟕.𝟏𝟎 + ⋯ 𝒖𝒑𝒕𝒐 𝒏 𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒎𝒔 = 𝟑𝒏+𝟏.
𝟏.𝟒
Sol: 𝑙𝑒𝑡
1 1 1 1 𝑛
𝑝(𝑛) = 1.4 + 4.7 + 7.10 + ⋯ + (3𝑛−2)(3𝑛+1) = 3𝑛+1.
Step-1: put n=1
L.H.S R.H.S
1 𝑛
(3𝑛−2)(3𝑛+1) 3𝑛+1
1 1
=(3−2)(3+1)
3+1
1 1
=1.4 = 1.4

1 1 1 1 𝑘
⇒𝑝(𝑘) = 1.4 + 4.7 + 7.10 + ⋯ + (3𝑘−2)(3𝑘+1) = 3𝑘+1.

1 1 1 1 1
𝑝(𝑘 + 1) = 1.4 + 4.7 + 7.10 + ⋯ + (3𝑘−2)(3𝑘+1) + (3𝑘+1)(3𝑘+4)
𝑘 1
= + (3𝑘+1)(3𝑘+4)
3𝑘+1
1 𝑘 1
= { + }
(3𝑘+1) 1 3𝑘+4
1 2
3𝑘 +4𝑘+1
= { }
(3𝑘+1) 3𝑘+4
1 3𝑘 2 +3𝑘+1𝑘+1
= { }
(3𝑘+1) 3𝑘+4
1 3𝑘(𝑘+1)+1(𝑘+1)
= { }
(3𝑘+1) 3𝑘+4
1 (3𝑘+1)(𝑘+1)
= { }
(3𝑘+1) 3𝑘+4
(𝑘+1)
=
(3𝑘+4)
(𝑘+1)
=
{3(𝑘+1)+1}
∴P (k+1) is true
Hence, by the principle of mathematical induction, the given statement is
true for all n∈ N.
9

10. Show that 𝟒𝟗𝒏 + 𝟏𝟔𝒏 − 𝟏 𝒊𝒔 𝒅𝒊𝒗𝒊𝒔𝒊𝒃𝒍𝒆 𝒃𝒚 𝟔𝟒 𝒇𝒐𝒓 𝒂𝒍𝒍 + 𝒗𝒆 𝒊𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒈𝒆𝒓𝒔 𝒏.

Sol: 𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑝(𝑛) = 𝑏𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡
Step-1: put n=1
P (1) = 491 + 16(1) − 1=49+16-1
=64
=64(1)
𝑇ℎ𝑢𝑠 𝑝(1) 𝑖𝑠 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑏𝑦 64.
Step-2: 𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑢𝑠 𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑝(𝑘) 𝑖𝑠 𝑡𝑟𝑢𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑛 = 𝑘.

⇒ 𝑝(𝑘) = 49𝑘 + 16𝑘 − 1 = 64𝑚, 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑠𝑜𝑚𝑒 𝑚 ∈ 𝑁
AIMS
⇒𝟒𝟗𝒌 = (𝟔𝟒𝒎 − 𝟏𝟔𝒌 + 𝟏)…. (1)
Step-3: if n=k+1
⇒ 𝑝(𝑘 + 1) = 49𝑘+1 + 16(𝑘 + 1) − 1
= 49𝑘 . 49 + 16𝑘 + 16 − 1
=49{64𝑚 − 16𝑘 + 1} +16k+15
= 49.64𝑘 − 16𝑘. 49 + 49 + 16𝑘 + 15
= 49.64𝑘 − 16𝑘. 48 + 64
= 49.64𝑘 − 16𝑘. 12 × 4 + 64
= 49.64𝑘 − 12𝑘. 64 × 4 + 64
=64{49m-12k+1}
∴thus the statement is divisible by 64
Hence, by the principle of mathematical induction,

49𝑛 + 16𝑛 − 1 𝑖𝑠 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑏𝑦 64 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑛 ∈ 𝑁.
10

11. Show that 𝟑. 𝟓𝟐𝒏+𝟏 + 𝟐𝟑𝒏+𝟏 𝒊𝒔 𝒅𝒊𝒗𝒊𝒔𝒊𝒃𝒍𝒆 𝒃𝒚 𝟏𝟕 𝒇𝒐𝒓 𝒂𝒍𝒍 + 𝒗𝒆 𝒊𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒈𝒆𝒓𝒔 𝒏.
Sol: 𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑝(𝑛) = 𝑏𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡
Step-1: put n=1
P (1) = 3.52𝑛+1 + 23𝑛+1 =3.53 + 24

=3(125) + 16
= 375 + 16
= 391 = 17 × 23
AIMS

⇒ 𝑝(𝑘) = 3.52𝑛+1 + 23𝑛+1 = 17𝑚, 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑠𝑜𝑚𝑒 𝑚 ∈ 𝑁
⇒𝟑. 𝟓𝟐𝒏+𝟏 = (𝟏𝟕𝒎 − 𝟐𝟑𝒏+𝟏 )…….. (1)
Step-3: if n=k+1
⇒ 𝑝 (𝑘 + 1) = 3.52𝑛+1 + 23𝑛+1
=3.52𝑘+1. 52 + 23𝑘+1. 23
=25(17𝑚 − 23𝑛+1) + 23𝑘+1. 8
=25.17m -25. 23𝑛+1 + 8. 23𝑛+1
=25.17m-17. 23𝑛+1
=17(25m-23𝑛+1)

11
3.52𝑛+1 + 23𝑛+1 𝑖𝑠 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑏𝑦 17 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑛 ∈ 𝑁.

12. S.T 2. 𝟒𝟐𝒏+𝟏 + 𝟑𝟑𝒏+𝟏 is divisible by 11, for all 𝒏 ∈ 𝑵.

Sol: Sol: 𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑝(𝑛) = 𝑏𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡
Step-1: put n=1
P (1) = 2.42𝑛+1 + 33𝑛+1 =2.43 + 34
= 2(64) + 81
= 128 + 81
= 201 = 11 × 19

AIMS
⇒ 𝑝(𝑘) = 2.42𝑘+1 + 33𝑘+1 = 11𝑚, 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑠𝑜𝑚𝑒 𝑚 ∈ 𝑁
⇒𝟐. 𝟒𝟐𝒌+𝟏 = (𝟏𝟏𝒎 − 𝟐𝟑𝒌+𝟏 )…….. (1)
Step-3: if n=k+1
⇒ 𝑝 (𝑘 + 1) = 2.42(𝑘+1)+1 + 33(𝑘+1)+1
=2.42𝑘+1. 42 + 33𝑘+1. 33
=16(11𝑚 − 33𝑘+1) + 33𝑘+1. 27
=16.11m -16. 33𝑛+1 + 27. 33𝑛+1
=16.11m +11. 33𝑛+1
=11(26m-33𝑛+1)

2. 42𝑛+1 + 33𝑛+1 𝑖𝑠 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑏𝑦 11 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑛 ∈ 𝑁.
12

13. 2+3.2+3. 𝟐𝟐 + ⋯ 𝒖𝒑𝒕𝒐 𝒏 𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒎𝒔 = 𝒏. 𝟐𝒏

Sol: let p (n) = 2+3.2+3. 22 + ⋯ + (𝑛 + 1)2𝑛−1 = 𝑛. 2𝑛 .
Step-1: put n=1

L.H.S R.H.S
2 𝑛. 2𝑛 .
=2 =1.2
=2 =2
L.H.S=R.H.S ∴ p (1) is true for n=1.

AIMS
⇒p (k) = 2+3.2+3. 22 + ⋯ + (𝑘 + 1)2𝑘−1 = 𝑘. 2𝑘 .
⇒p (k+1) = 2+3.2+3. 22 + ⋯ + (𝑘 + 1)2𝑘−1 + (𝑘 + 2)2𝑘
= 𝑘. 2𝑘 + (𝑘 + 2)2𝑘
=2𝑘 (𝑘 + 𝑘 + 2)
=2𝑘 (2𝑘 + 2)
=2𝑘 . 2(𝑘 + 1)
=2𝑘+1. (𝑘 + 1)

13

Aimstutorial
Jr.MATHEMATICS - IA
𝐛+𝐜 𝐜+𝐚 𝐚+𝐛 𝐚 𝐛 𝐜

1. 𝐒. 𝐓 | 𝐜 + 𝐚 𝐚 + 𝐛 𝐛 + 𝐜 | = 𝟐 |𝐛 𝐜 𝐚|
𝐚+𝐛 𝐛+𝐜 𝐜+𝐚 𝐜 𝐚 𝐛
𝑏+𝑐 𝑐+𝑎 𝑎+𝑏

Sol: L.H.S |𝑐 + 𝑎 𝑎+𝑏 𝑏 + 𝑐|
𝑎+𝑏 𝑏+𝑐 𝑐+𝑎
𝑅1 → 𝑅1 + 𝑅2 + 𝑅3
2(𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 ) 2(𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 ) 2(𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 )

=| 𝑐+𝑎 𝑎+𝑏 𝑏+𝑐 |
(𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 ) (𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 ) (𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 )
= 2| 𝑐 + 𝑎 𝑎+𝑏 𝑏+𝑐 |
𝑅2 → 𝑅2 − 𝑅1 : 𝑅3 → 𝑅3 − 𝑅1
(𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 ) (𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 ) (𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 )
= 2| −𝑏 −𝑐 −𝑎 |
−𝑐 −𝑎 −𝑏
𝑅1 → 𝑅1 + 𝑅2 + 𝑅3
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
|
= 2 −𝑏 −𝑐 −𝑎|
−𝑐 −𝑎 −𝑏
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
=2(−)(−) |𝑏 𝑐 𝑎|
𝑐 𝑎 𝑏
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
=2 |𝑏 𝑐 𝑎| R.H.S
𝑐 𝑎 𝑏
Matrices LAQ Q.NO: 20 & 21 Aimstutorial.in

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𝒂 𝒃 𝒄𝟐 𝟐𝒃𝒄 − 𝒂𝟐 𝒄𝟐 𝒃𝟐
2. |𝒃 𝒄 𝒂| = | 𝒄𝟐 𝟐𝒂𝒄 − 𝒃𝟐 𝒂𝟐 |
𝒄 𝒂 𝒃 𝒃𝟐 𝒂𝟐 𝟐𝒂𝒃 − 𝒄𝟐
= (𝒂𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐 + 𝒄𝟐 − 𝟑𝒂𝒃𝒄)𝟐
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 2 𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
𝐿. 𝐻. 𝑆 |𝑏 𝑐 𝑎 | = |𝑏 𝑐 𝑎| |𝑏 𝑐 𝑎| (𝑅2 ↔ 𝑅3 )
𝑐 𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 𝑎 𝑏
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
= |𝑏 𝑐 𝑎| (−) | 𝑐 𝑎 𝑏|
𝑐 𝑎 𝑏 𝑏 𝑐 𝑎
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 −𝑎 −𝑏 −𝑐
= |𝑏 𝑐 𝑎| | 𝑐 𝑎 𝑏|
𝑐 𝑎 𝑏 𝑏 𝑐 𝑎
−𝑎2 + 𝑏𝑐 + 𝑏𝑐 −𝑎𝑏 + 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑐 2 −𝑎𝑐 + 𝑏2 + 𝑎𝑐

= |−𝑎𝑏 + 𝑐 2 + 𝑎𝑏 −𝑏2 + 𝑎𝑐 + 𝑎𝑐 −𝑏𝑐 + 𝑏𝑐 + 𝑎2 |
−𝑎𝑐 + 𝑎𝑐 + 𝑏2 −𝑏𝑐 + 𝑎2 + 𝑏𝑐 −𝑐 2 + 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑎𝑏
2𝑏𝑐 − 𝑎2 𝑐2 𝑏2
= | 𝑐2 2𝑎𝑐 − 𝑏2 𝑎2 | … . (1)
𝑏2 𝑎2 2𝑎𝑏 − 𝑐 2
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 2
𝑛𝑜𝑤 |𝑏 𝑐 𝑎|
𝑐 𝑎 𝑏
= [𝑎(𝑏𝑐 − 𝑎2 ) − 𝑏(𝑏2 − 𝑎𝑐 ) + 𝑐(𝑎𝑏 − 𝑐 2 )]2
= (𝑎𝑏𝑐 − 𝑎3 − 𝑏3 + 𝑎𝑏𝑐 + 𝑎𝑏𝑐 − 𝑐 3 )2
= (3𝑎𝑏𝑐 − 𝑎3 − 𝑏3 − 𝑐 3 )2
= (𝑎3 + 𝑏3 + 𝑐 3 − 3𝑎𝑏𝑐)2 … … (2)
𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 (1)& (2)
𝐿. 𝐻. 𝑆 = 𝑅. 𝐻. 𝑆

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𝒂 𝒂𝟐 𝟏 + 𝒂𝟑 𝒂 𝒂𝟐 𝟏
3. 𝑰𝒇 |𝒃 𝒃𝟐 𝟏 + 𝒃𝟑 | = 𝟎 𝒂𝒏𝒅 |𝒃 𝒃𝟐 𝟏| ≠ 𝟎,
𝒄 𝒄𝟐 𝟏 + 𝒄𝟑 𝒄 𝒄𝟐 𝟏
𝒔𝒉𝒐𝒘 𝒕𝒉𝒂𝒕 𝒂𝒃𝒄 = −𝟏.
𝑎 𝑎2 1 + 𝑎3
𝑆𝑜𝑙: 𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 |𝑏 𝑏2 1 + 𝑏3 | = 0
𝑐 𝑐2 1 + 𝑐3
𝑎 𝑎2 1 𝑎 𝑎2 𝑎3
⇒ |𝑏 𝑏2 1| + | 𝑏 𝑏2 𝑏3 | = 0
𝑐 𝑐2 1 𝑐 𝑐2 𝑐3
𝑎 𝑎2 1 1 𝑎 𝑎2
⇒ |𝑏 𝑏2 1 | + 𝑎𝑏𝑐 | 1 𝑏 𝑏2 | = 0 {𝐶1 ↔ 𝐶2 }
𝑐 𝑐2 1 𝑐 𝑐 𝑐2
𝑎 𝑎2 1 𝑎 1 𝑎2
⇒ |𝑏 𝑏2 1| − 𝑎𝑏𝑐 |𝑏 1 𝑏2 | = 0 {𝐶2 ↔ 𝐶3 }
𝑐 𝑐2 1 𝑐 1 𝑐2
𝑎 𝑎2 1 𝑎 𝑎2 1
⇒|𝑏 𝑏2 1 | + 𝑎𝑏𝑐 | 𝑏 𝑏2 1| = 0
𝑐 𝑐2 1 𝑐 𝑐2 1
𝑎 𝑎2 1 a a2 1
⇒ |𝑏 𝑏2 1| (1 + 𝑎𝑏𝑐 ) = 0 [ ∴ |b b2 1| ≠ 0 ]
c c2 1
𝑐 𝑐2 1
∴ (1 + 𝑎𝑏𝑐 ) = 0
⇒ 𝑎𝑏𝑐 = −1.

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𝒂 + 𝒃 + 𝟐𝒄 𝒂 𝒃
4. 𝑺. 𝑻 | 𝒄 𝒃 + 𝒄 + 𝟐𝒂 𝒃 |
𝒄 𝒂 𝒄 + 𝒂 + 𝟐𝒃
= 𝟐(𝒂 + 𝒃 + 𝒄)𝟑
𝑎 + 𝑏 + 2𝑐 𝑎 𝑏
𝑆𝑜𝑙: 𝐿. 𝐻. 𝑆 = | 𝑐 𝑏 + 𝑐 + 2𝑎 𝑏 |
𝑐 𝑎 𝑐 + 𝑎 + 2𝑏
𝐶1 → 𝐶1 + 𝐶2 + 𝐶3
2(𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐) 𝑎 𝑏
= |2(𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐) 𝑏 + 𝑐 + 2𝑎 𝑏 |
2(𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐) 𝑎 𝑐 + 𝑎 + 2𝑏
1 𝑎 𝑏
= 2(𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐) |1 𝑏 + 𝑐 + 2𝑎 𝑏 |
1 𝑎 𝑐 + 𝑎 + 2𝑏
𝑅2 → 𝑅2 − 𝑅1 : 𝑅3 → 𝑅3 − 𝑅1
1 𝑎 𝑏
= 2(𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐) |0 (𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐) 0 |
0 0 (𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐)
𝑎+𝑏+𝑐 0
= 2(𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐)1 | |
0 𝑎+𝑏+𝑐
= 2(𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 )1 (𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 )2
= 2(𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐)3

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𝒂−𝒃−𝒄 𝟐𝒂 𝟐𝒃
5. 𝑺. 𝑻 | 𝟐𝒃 𝒃−𝒄−𝒂 𝟐𝒃 |
𝟐𝒄 𝟐𝒄 𝒄−𝒂−𝒃
= (𝒂 + 𝒃 + 𝒄)𝟑
𝑎−𝑏−𝑐 2𝑎 2𝑏
𝑆𝑜𝑙: 𝐿. 𝐻. 𝑆 = | 2𝑏 𝑏−𝑐−𝑎 2𝑏 |
2𝑐 2𝑐 𝑐−𝑎−𝑏
𝑠
𝑅1 → 𝑅1 + 𝑅2 + 𝑅3
(𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐) (𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐) (𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐)
=| 2𝑏 𝑏−𝑐−𝑎 2𝑏 |
1 1 1
= (𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐) |2𝑏 𝑏−𝑐−𝑎 2𝑏 |
𝐶2 → 𝐶2 − 𝐶1 : 𝐶3 → 𝐶3 − 𝐶1
1 0 0
= (𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐) |2𝑏 −(𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐) 0 |
2𝑐 0 −(𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐)
−(𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐) 0
= (𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐)1 | |
0 −(𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐)
= (𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 )1 (𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 )2
= (𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐)3 𝑅. 𝐻. 𝑆

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𝟏 𝒂𝟐 𝒂𝟑
6. 𝑺. 𝑻 |𝟏 𝒃𝟐 𝒃𝟑 | = (𝒂 − 𝒃) (𝒃 − 𝒄) (𝒄 − 𝒂) (𝒂𝒃 + 𝒃𝒄 + 𝒄𝒂).
𝟏 𝒄𝟐 𝒄𝟑
1 𝑎2 𝑎3
𝑆𝑜𝑙: 𝐿. 𝐻. 𝑆 |1 𝑏2 𝑏3 |
1 𝑐2 𝑐3
𝑅1 → 𝑅1 − 𝑅2 : 𝑅2 → 𝑅2 − 𝑅3
0 𝑎2 − 𝑏2 𝑎3 − 𝑏3 0 (𝑎 − 𝑏)(𝑎 + 𝑏) (𝑎 − 𝑏)(𝑎2 + 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏2 )
= |0 𝑏2 − 𝑐 2 3
𝑏 −𝑐 3| = |
0 (𝑏 − 𝑐 )(𝑏 + 𝑐) (𝑏 − 𝑐 )(𝑏2 + 𝑏𝑐 + 𝑐 2 ) |
1 𝑐2 𝑐 3
1 𝑐2 𝑐3
0 (𝑎 + 𝑏) (𝑎2 + 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏2 )
= (𝑎 − 𝑏) (𝑏 − 𝑐) |0 (𝑏 + 𝑐) (𝑏2 + 𝑏𝑐 + 𝑐 2 ) |
1 𝑐2 𝑐3
𝑅2 → 𝑅2 − 𝑅1 :
0 𝑎+𝑏 𝑎2 + 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏2
= (𝑎 − 𝑏) (𝑏 − 𝑐) |0 (𝑐 − 𝑎) 𝑏2 + 𝑏𝑐 + 𝑐 2 − 𝑎2 − 𝑎𝑏 − 𝑏2 |
1 𝑐2 𝑐3
𝑏2 + 𝑏𝑐 + 𝑐 2 − 𝑎2 − 𝑎𝑏 − 𝑏2
= 𝑏𝑐 + 𝑐 2 − 𝑎2 − 𝑎𝑏
⇒ 𝑏(𝑐 − 𝑎) + (𝑐 − 𝑎)(𝑐 + 𝑎) ⇒ (𝑐 − 𝑎)(𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐)
0 𝑎+𝑏 𝑎2 + 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏2
= (𝑎 − 𝑏) (𝑏 − 𝑐) |0 (𝑐 − 𝑎) (𝑐 − 𝑎)(𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐)|
1 𝑐2 𝑐3
0 𝑎+𝑏 𝑎2 + 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏2
= (𝑎 − 𝑏) (𝑏 − 𝑐)(𝑐 − 𝑎) |0 1 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 | 𝐸𝑥𝑝𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔 𝐶1
1 𝑐2 𝑐3
= (𝑎 − 𝑏) (𝑏 − 𝑐)(𝑐 − 𝑎)1[(𝑎 + 𝑏)(𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 ) − 𝑎2 − 𝑎𝑏 − 𝑏2 ]
= (𝑎 − 𝑏) (𝑏 − 𝑐)(𝑐 − 𝑎){𝑎2 + 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑎𝑐 + 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏2 + 𝑏𝑐
−𝑎2 − 𝑎𝑏 − 𝑏2 }
= (𝑎 − 𝑏) (𝑏 − 𝑐) (𝑐 − 𝑎) (𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏𝑐 + 𝑐𝑎).

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𝒂 𝒃 𝒄
7. 𝑺. 𝑻 |𝒂𝟐 𝒃𝟐 𝒄𝟐 | = 𝒂𝒃𝒄 (𝒂 − 𝒃) (𝒃 − 𝒄) (𝒄 − 𝒂)
𝒂𝟑 𝒃𝟑 𝒄𝟑
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
𝑺𝒐𝒍: |𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑐 2|
𝑎3 𝑏3 𝑐3
1 1 1
= 𝑎𝑏𝑐 | 𝑎 𝑏 𝑐|
𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑐2
𝐶1 → 𝐶1 − 𝐶2 : 𝐶2 → 𝐶2 − 𝐶3
0 0 1
|
= 𝑎𝑏𝑐 𝑎 − 𝑏 𝑏−𝑐 𝑐|
𝑎2 − 𝑏2 𝑏2 − 𝑐 2 𝑐2
0 0 1
= 𝑎𝑏𝑐 | 𝑎−𝑏 𝑏−𝑐 𝑐|
(𝑎 − 𝑏)(𝑎 + 𝑏) (𝑏 − 𝑐 )(𝑏 + 𝑐) 𝑐 2
0 0 1
= 𝑎𝑏𝑐(𝑎 − 𝑏)(𝑏 − 𝑐) | 1 1 𝑐|
(𝑎 + 𝑏) (𝑏 + 𝑐) 𝑐 2
𝐸𝑥𝑝𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔 𝑅1
= 𝑎𝑏𝑐(𝑎 − 𝑏)(𝑏 − 𝑐)1{𝑏 + 𝑐 − 𝑎 − 𝑏}
= 𝑎𝑏𝑐 (𝑎 − 𝑏) (𝑏 − 𝑐) (𝑐 − 𝑎)

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𝒙−𝟐 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟑 𝟑𝒙 − 𝟒
8. 𝒇𝒊𝒏𝒅 𝒙 𝒊𝒇 |𝒙 − 𝟒 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟗 𝟑𝒙 − 𝟏𝟔| = 𝟎.
𝒙−𝟖 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟐𝟕 𝟑𝒙 − 𝟔𝟒
𝑥−2 2𝑥 − 3 3𝑥 − 4
𝑠𝑜𝑙: |𝑥 − 4 2𝑥 − 9 3𝑥 − 16| = 0
𝑥−8 2𝑥 − 27 3𝑥 − 64
𝑅2 → 𝑅2 − 𝑅1 : 𝑅3 → 𝑅3 − 𝑅1
𝑥−2 2𝑥 − 3 3𝑥 − 4
⇒ | −2 −6 −12 | = 0.
−6 −24 −60
𝑥−2 2𝑥 − 3 3𝑥 − 4
⇒| 1 3 6 | = 0.
1 4 10
⇒ (𝑥 − 2)[30 − 24] − (2𝑥 − 3)[10 − 6] +(3𝑥 − 4)[4 − 3] = 0
⇒ (𝑥 − 2)[6] − (2𝑥 − 3)[4] +(3𝑥 − 4)[1] = 0
⇒ 6𝑥 − 12 − 8𝑥 + 12 + 3𝑥 − 4 = 0
⇒𝑥−4=0
∴ 𝑥 = 4.

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𝒂𝟏 𝒃𝟏 𝒄𝟏
9. 𝑰𝒇 𝑨 = [𝒂𝟐 𝒃𝟐 𝒄𝟐 ] 𝒊𝒔 𝒂 𝒏𝒐𝒏 − 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒈𝒖𝒍𝒂𝒓 𝒎𝒂𝒓𝒕𝒊𝒙,
𝒂𝟑 𝒃𝟑 𝒄𝟑
𝒂𝒅𝒋𝑨
𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒏 𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒗𝒆 𝒕𝒉𝒂𝒕 𝑨 𝒊𝒔 𝒊𝒏𝒗𝒆𝒓𝒕𝒊𝒃𝒍𝒆 𝒂𝒏𝒅𝑨−𝟏 = 𝒅𝒆𝒕𝑨 .
𝑎1 𝑏1 𝑐1 𝐴1 𝐴2 𝐴3
𝑆𝑜𝑙: 𝐴 = [𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑐2 ] 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝐴 = [𝐵1 𝐵2 𝐵3 ]
𝑎3 𝑏3 𝑐3 𝐶1 𝐶2 𝐶3
𝑎1 𝑏1 𝑐1 𝐴1 𝐴2 𝐴3
𝑁𝑜𝑤 𝐴. 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝐴 = [𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑐2 ] . [𝐵1 𝐵2 𝐵3 ]
𝑎3 𝑏3 𝑐3 𝐶1 𝐶2 𝐶3
𝑎1 𝐴1 + 𝑏1 𝐵1 + 𝑐1 𝐶1 𝑎1 𝐴2 + 𝑏1 𝐵2 + 𝑐1 𝐶2 𝑎1 𝐴3 + 𝑏1 𝐵3 + 𝑐1 𝐶3
= [ 𝑎2 𝐴1 + 𝑏2 𝐵1 + 𝑐2 𝐶1 𝑎2 𝐴2 + 𝑏2 𝐵2 + 𝑐2 𝐶2 𝑎2 𝐴3 + 𝑏2 𝐵3 + 𝑐2 𝐶3 ]
𝑎3 𝐴1 + 𝑏3 𝐵1 + 𝑐3 𝐶1 𝑎3 𝐴2 + 𝑏3 𝐵2 + 𝑐3 𝐶2 𝑎3 𝐴3 + 𝑏3 𝐵3 + 𝑐3 𝐶3
𝑑𝑒𝑡𝐴 0 0
=[ 0 𝑑𝑒𝑡𝐴 0 ]
0 0 𝑑𝑒𝑡𝐴
1 0 0
= 𝑑𝑒𝑡𝐴 [0 1 0] = 𝑑𝑒𝑡𝐴. 𝐼
0 0 1
𝑎𝑑𝑗𝐴
∴ 𝐴. 𝑑𝑒𝑡𝐴 = 𝐼
𝑎𝑑𝑗𝐴
𝑆𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑙𝑦 𝑤𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑛 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 = 𝐼
𝑑𝑒𝑡𝐴
𝑎𝑑𝑗𝐴
∴ 𝐴−1 = .
𝑑𝑒𝑡𝐴

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1 −2 3
10. If A=[ 0 −1 4], then find (A’)-1.
−2 2 1
1 −2 3
Sol: A=[ 0 −1 4]
−2 2 1
1 0 −2
⇒A’= [−2 −1 2]
3 4 1
−1 2 −2 2 −2 −1
|A’|=1 | | + 0| | +3| |
4 1 3 1 3 4
=1(−1 − 8) + 0(−2 − 6) + 3(−8 + 3)
=−9 +0 +10=1
−1 2 −2 −1
Adj (A’) = [ 4 1 3 4]
0 −2 1 0
−1 2 −2 −1
(−1 − 8) (6 + 2) (−8 + 3)
=[(−8 + 0) (1 + 6) (0 − 4) ]
(0 − 2) (4 − 2) (−1 − 0)
−9 8 −5
=[−8 7 −4]
−2 2 −1
−9 −8 −2
=[ 8 7 2]
−5 −4 −1
−9 −8 −2
1 1
A-1= |𝐴′ | 𝑎𝑑𝑗(𝐴′ ) = 1 [ 8 7 2]
−5 −4 −1
−9 −8 −2
=[ 8 7 2]
−5 −4 −1

Aimstutorial
Jr.MATHEMATICS - IA
11. 𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑏𝑦 𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐶𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑟’𝑠 𝑟𝑢𝑙𝑒 𝑚𝑒𝑡ℎ𝑜𝑑.

3 4 5 𝑥 18
𝑆𝑜𝑙: 𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝐴 = [2 −1 8] , 𝑋 = [𝑦] 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵 = [13]
5 −2 7 𝑧 20
3 4 5
−1 8 2 8 2 −1
∆= |2 −1 8| = 3 | | − 4| | + 5| |
−2 7 5 7 5 −2
5 −2 7
= 3(−7 + 16) − 4(14 − 40) + 5(−4 + 5)
= 3(9) − 4(−26) + 5(1)
= 27 + 10 + 5
= 136 ≠ 0 𝑐𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑟 ′ 𝑠 𝑟𝑢𝑙𝑒 𝑎𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒
18 4 5
−1 8 13 8 13 −1
∆1 = |13 −1 8| = 18 | | − 4| | +5| |
−2 7 20 7 20 −2
20 −2 7
= 18(−7 + 16) − 4(91 − 160) + 5(−26 + 20)
= 18(9) − 4(−69) + 5(−6)
= 162 + 276 − 30
= 408
3 18 5
13 8 2 8 2 13
∆2 = |2 13 8| = 3 | | − 18 | | + 5| |
20 7 5 7 5 20
5 20 7
= 3(91 − 160) − 18(14 − 40) + 5(40 − 65)
= 3(−69) − 18(−26) + 5(−25)
= −207 + 468 − 125
= 136
3 4 18
−1 13 2 13 2 −1
∆3 = |2 −1 13| = 3 | | −4| | + 18 | |
−2 20 5 20 5 −2
5 −2 20
= 3(−20 + 26) − 4(40 − 65) + 5(−4 + 5)
= 3(6) − 4(−25) + 5(1)
= 18 + 100 + 18
= 136
∆1 408 ∆2 136 ∆3 136

⇒𝑥= = 136 , 𝑦 = = 136 , 𝑧 = = 136
∆ ∆ ∆
∴ 𝑥 = 3, 𝑦 = 1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑧 = 1.

Aimstutorial
Jr.MATHEMATICS - IA
2 −1 3 𝑥 9
12. 𝑆𝑜𝑙: 𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝐴 = [1 1 1] , 𝑋 = [𝑦] 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵 = [6]
1 −1 1 𝑧 2
2 −1 3
1 1 1 1 1 1
∆= |1 1 1| = 2 | | +1| | +3| |
−1 1 1 1 1 −1
1 −1 1
= 2(1 + 1) + 1(1 − 1) + 3(−1 − 1)

= 2(2) + 1(0) + 3(−2)
= 4 − 6 = −2 ≠ 𝑐𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑟 ′ 𝑠𝑟𝑢𝑙𝑒 𝑎𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒.
9 −1 3
1 1 6 1 6 1
∆1 = |6 1 1| = 6 | | + 1| | + 3| |
−1 1 2 1 2 −1
2 −1 1
= 9(1 + 1) + 1(6 − 2) + 3(−6 − 2)

= 9(2) + 1(4) + 3(−8)
= 18 + 4 − 24 = 22 − 24 = −2
2 9 3
6 1 1 1 1 6
∆2 = |1 6 1| = 2 | | −9| | +3| |
2 1 1 1 1 2
1 2 1
= 2(6 − 2) − 9(1 − 1) + 3(2 − 6)

= 2(4) + 1(0) + 3(−24)
= 8 − 12 = −4
2 −1 9
1 6 1 6 1 1
∆3 = |1 1 6| = 2 | | + 1| | + 9| |
−1 2 1 2 1 −1
1 −1 2
= 2(2 + 6) + 1(2 − 6) + 9(−1 − 1)

= 2(8) + 1(−4) + 9(−2)
= 16 − 4 − 18
= 16 − 22 = −6
∆1 −2 ∆2 −4 ∆3 −6
⇒𝑥= = −2 = 1, 𝑦 = = −2 = 2, 𝑧 = = −2 = 3
∆ ∆ ∆
∴ 𝑥 = 1, 𝑦 = 2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑧 = 3.

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1 1 1 𝑥 9
13. 𝐴 = [2 5 7 ] , 𝑋 = [𝑦 ] 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵 = [52]
2 1 −1 𝑧 0
1 1 1
5 7| 2 7
∆= |2 5 7 | = 1| −1| | + 1 |2 5|
1 −1 2 −1 2 1
2 1 −1
= 1(−5 − 7) − 1(−2 − 14) + 1(2 − 10)

= 1(−12) − 1(−16) + 1(−8)
= −12 + 16 − 8 = − 4 ≠ 𝑐𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑟 ′ 𝑠𝑟𝑢𝑙𝑒 𝑎𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒.
9 1 1
5 7| 52 7| 52 5|
|
∆1 = 52 5 7 | = 9| −1| +1|
1 −1 0 −1 0 1
0 1 −1
= 9(−5 − 7) − 1(−52 − 0) + 1(52 − 0)

= 9(−12) − 1(−52) + 1(52)
= −108 + 52 + 52
= −108 + 104 = −4
1 9 1
52 7| 2 7
= ∆2 = |2 52 7 | = 1 | −9| | + 1 |2 52|
0 −1 2 −1 2 0
2 0 −1
= 1(−52 − 0) − 9(−2 − 14) + 1(0 − 104)

= 1(−52) − 9(−16) + 1(−104)
= −52 + 144 − 104
= −156 + 144 = −12
1 1 9
5 52| 2 52| 2 5|
∆3 = |2 5 52| = 1 | −1| +9|
1 0 2 0 2 1
2 1 0
= 1(0 − 52) − 1(0 − 104) + 9(2 − 10)

= 1(−52) − 1(−104) + 9(−8)
= −52 + 104 − 72
= −124 + 104 = −20
∆1 −4 ∆2 −12 ∆3 −20
⇒𝑥= = −4 = 1, 𝑦 = = = 3, 𝑧 = = =5
∆ ∆ −4 ∆ −4
∴ 𝑥 = 1, 𝑦 = 3 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑧 = 5.

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2 −1 3 𝑥 8
14. 𝐴 = [−1 2 1 ] , 𝑋 = [𝑦] 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵 = [4]
3 1 −4 𝑧 0
2 −1 3
2 1 −1 1 −1 2
∆= |−1 2 1 | = 2| |+ 1| | + 3| |
1 −4 3 −4 3 1
3 1 −4
= 2(−8 − 1) + 1(4 − 3) + 3(−1 − 6)

= 2(−9) + 1(1) + 3(−7)
= − − 18 + 1 − 21
= −38
8 −1 3
2 1 4 1 4 2
∆𝟏 = | 4 2 1 | = 8| | + 1| | +3| |
1 −4 0 −4 0 1
0 1 −4
= 8(−8 − 1) + 1(−16 − 0) + 3(4 − 0)

= 8(−9) + 1(−16) + 3(4)
= −72 − 16 + 12 = −76
2 8 3
4 1 −1 1 −1 4
∆𝟐 = |−1 4 1 | = 2 | | − 8| |+3| |
0 −4 3 −4 3 0
3 0 −4
= 2(−16 − 0) − 8(4 − 3) + 3(0 − 12)
= 2(−16) − 8(1) + 3(−12)
= −32 − 8 − 36 = −76
2 −1 8
2 4 −1 4 −1 2
∆𝟑 = |−1 2 4| = 2 | | +1| | + 8| |
1 0 3 0 3 1
3 1 0
= 2(0 − 4 + 1(0 − 12 + 8(−1 − 6)
= 2(−4) + 1(−12) + 8(−7)
= −8 − 12 − 56 = 76
∆1 −76 ∆2 −76 ∆3 −76

⇒𝑥= = −38 = 2, 𝑦 = = −38 = 2, 𝑧 = = −38 = 2
∆ ∆ ∆
∴ 𝑥 = 2, 𝑦 = 2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑧 = 2.

Aimstutorial
Jr.MATHEMATICS - IA
𝑴𝒂𝒕𝒓𝒊𝒙 𝒊𝒏𝒗𝒆𝒓𝒔𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒎𝒆𝒕𝒉𝒐𝒅:

3 4 5 𝑥 18
15. 𝐴 = [2 −1 8] , 𝑋 = [𝑦 ] 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵 = [13]
5 −2 7 𝑧 20
𝐴𝑋 = 𝐵 ⇒ 𝑋 = 𝐴 − 1. 𝐵
𝐴1 𝐵1 𝐶1 −1 8 ̇ 2 −1
(−2 7 5 −2)
𝑎𝑑𝑗𝐴
𝐴𝑛𝑑 A-1= ⇨ 𝐴𝑑𝑗𝐴 = [𝐴2 𝐵2 𝐶2 ]
𝑑𝑒𝑡𝐴 4 5 3 4
𝐴3 𝐵3 𝐶3
−1 8 2 −1
(−7 + 16) (40 − 14) (−4 + 5)

𝑐𝑜𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑥 = [(−10 − 28) (21 − 25) (20 + 6) ]
(32 + 5) (10 − 24) (−3 − 8)
9 26 1
= [−38 −4 26 ]
37 −14 −11
9 −38 37
𝐴𝑑𝑗𝐴 = [𝑐𝑜𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 ]𝑇 = [26 −4 −14]
1 26 −11
𝐷𝑒𝑡𝐴 = 𝑎1 𝐴1 + 𝑏1 𝐵1 + 𝑐1 𝐶1
2(9) − 4(−26) + 5(1)
= 136
9 −38 37
𝑎𝑑𝑗𝐴 1
𝐴 − 1 = 𝑑𝑒𝑡𝐴 = 136 [26 −4 −14]
1 26 −11
-1
⇒ 𝑋 =A . 𝐵
9 −38 37 18
1
= 136 [26 −4 −14] [13]
1 26 −11 20
162 − 494 + 740

1
= 136 [ 468 − 52 − 280 ]
18 + 338 + 220
408
1
= 136 [136] ∴ 𝑥 = 3, 𝑦 = 1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑧 = 1.
136

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2 −1 3 𝑥 9
(𝑏). 𝑆𝑜𝑙: 𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝐴 = [1 1 1] , 𝑋 = [𝑦] 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵 = [6]
1 −1 1 𝑧 2
𝐴𝑋 = 𝐵 ⇒ 𝑋 = 𝐴 − 1. 𝐵
𝑎𝑑𝑗𝐴
𝐴𝑛𝑑 A-1= 𝑑𝑒𝑡𝐴
2 −1 3
1 1 1 1 1 1
𝑑𝑒𝑡𝐴 = |1 1 1| = 2 | |+ 1| |+ 3| |
−1 1 1 1 1 −1
1 −1 1
= 2(1 + 1) + 1(1 − 1) + 3(−1 − 1)
= 2(2) + 1(0) + 3(−2)
= 4 − 6 = −2 ≠ 0 𝐴−1 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑠.
𝐴1 𝐵1 𝐶1 1 1 1 1
[
𝐴𝑑𝑗𝐴 = 2𝐴 𝐵2 𝐶2 ] (−1 1 1 −1)
−1 3 2 −1
𝐴3 𝐵3 𝐶3
1 1 1 1
(1 + 1) (1 − 1) (−1 − 1)
𝑐𝑜𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑥 = [(−3 + 1) (2 − 3) (−1 + 2)]
(−1 − 3) (3 − 2) (2 + 1)
2 0 −2
= [−2 −1 1 ]
−4 1 3
2 −2 −4
𝐴𝑑𝑗𝐴 = [𝑐𝑜𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 ]𝑇 = [ 0 −1 1 ]
−2 1 3
2 −2 −4
𝑎𝑑𝑗𝐴 1
A-1= 𝑑𝑒𝑡𝐴 = −2 [ 0 −1 1 ]
−2 1 3
⇒ 𝑋 = 𝐴 − 1. 𝐵
2 −2 −4 9
1
= −2 [ 0 −1 1 ] [6]
−2 1 3 2
18 − 12 − 8 −2
1 1
= −2 0 − 6 + 2 = −2 −4]
[ ] [
−18 + 6 + 6 −6
∴ 𝑥 = 1, 𝑦 = 2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑧 = 3

Aimstutorial
Jr.MATHEMATICS - IA
1 1 1 𝑥 9
16. 𝐴 = [2 5 7 ] , 𝑋 = [𝑦 ] 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵 = [52]
2 1 −1 𝑧 0
1 1 1
5 7| 2 7
𝑑𝑒𝑡𝐴 = |2 5 7 | = 1 | − 1| | + 1 |2 5|
1 −1 2 −1 2 1
2 1 −1
= 1(−5 − 7) − 1(−2 − 14) + 1(2 − 10)
= 1(−12) − 1(−16) + 1(−8)
= −12 + 16 − 8 = − 4 ≠ 0. 𝐴−1 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑠.
𝐴1 𝐵1 𝐶1 5 7 2 5
𝐴𝑑𝑗𝐴 = [𝐴2 𝐵2 𝐶2 ] ( 1 −1 2 1)
1 1 1 1
𝐴3 𝐵3 𝐶3
5 7 2 5
(−5 − 7) (14 + 2) (2 − 10)

𝑐𝑜𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑥 = [ (1 + 1) (−1 − 2) (2 − 1) ]
(7 − 5) (2 − 7) (5 − 2)
−12 16 −8
=[ 2 −3 1]
2 −5 3
−12 2 2
]𝑇
𝐴𝑑𝑗𝐴 = [𝑐𝑜𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 = [ 16 −3 −5]
−8 1 3
−12 2 2
𝑎𝑑𝑗𝐴 1
A-1= 𝑑𝑒𝑡𝐴 = −4 [ 16 −3 −5]
−8 1 3
⇒ 𝑋 =A-1. 𝐵
−12 2 2 9
1
= [ 16 −3 −5] [52]
−4
−8 1 3 0
−108 + 104 + 0
1
= −2 [ 144 − 156 + 0 ]
−72 + 52 + 0
−4
1
= −2 [−12] ∴ 𝑥 = 1, 𝑦 = 3 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑧 = 5.
−20

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Jr.MATHEMATICS - IA
2 −1 3 𝑥 8
17. 𝐴 = [−1 2 1 ] , 𝑋 = [𝑦] 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵 = [4]
3 1 −4 𝑧 0
2 −1 3
2 1 −1 1 −1 2
𝑑𝑒𝑡𝐴 = |−1 2 1 | = 2| | + 1| | +3| |
1 −4 3 −4 3 1
3 1 −4
= 2(−8 − 1) + 1(4 − 3) + 3(−1 − 6)
= 2(−9) + 1(1) + 3(−7)
= −18 + 1 − 21
= −38 ≠ 0. 𝐴−1 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑠. 𝐴𝑑𝑗𝐴 =
𝐴1 𝐵1 𝐶1 2 1 −1 2
[𝐴2 𝐵2 𝐶2 ] , 𝑐𝑜𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑥 = ( 1 −4 3 1 )
−1 3 2 −1
𝐴3 𝐵3 𝐶3
2 1 −1 2
(−8 − 1) (3 − 4) (−1 − 6)
𝑐𝑜𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑥 = [ (3 − 4) (−8 − 9) (−3 − 2)]
(−1 − 6) (−3 − 2) (4 − 1)
−9 −1 −7
= [−1 −17 −5]
−7 −5 3
−9 −1 −7
𝐴𝑑𝑗𝐴 = [𝑐𝑜𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 ]𝑇 = [−1 −17 −5]
−7 −5 3
−9 −1 −7
𝑎𝑑𝑗𝐴 1
𝐴-1= = −38 [−1 −17 −5]
𝑑𝑒𝑡𝐴
−7 −5 3
⇒ 𝑋 =A-1. 𝐵
−9 −1 −7 8
1
= −38 [−1 −17 −5] [4]
−7 −5 3 0
−72 − 4 + 0
1
= −38 [ −8 − 68 + 0 ]
−56 − 20 + 0
−76
1
= −38 [−76] ∴ 𝑥 = 2, 𝑦 = 2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑧 = 2.
−76

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Jr.MATHEMATICS - IA
17. Show that the following system of equations is consistent and solve it
completely.
𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 3,2𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 𝑧 = 3, 𝑥 + 𝑦 − 𝑧 = 1;
𝑠𝑜𝑙: the augmented matrix is
1 1 1 3
[𝐴𝐷] = [2 2 −1 3]
1 1 −1 1
𝑜𝑛 𝑎𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑦𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑅2 → 𝑅2 − 2𝑅1 , 𝑅3 → 𝑅3 − 𝑅1
1 1 1 3
~ [0 0 −3 −3]
0 0 −2 −2
𝑎𝑛 𝑎𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑦𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑅3 → 3𝑅3 − 2𝑅2
1 1 1 3
[
~ 0 0 −3 −3] ….. (1)
0 0 0 0
Comparing with echelon form
Number of non-zero rows in A are 2

∴rank (A) =2
Number of non-zero rows in AD are 2

∴rank (AD) =2
Rank (A) =rank (AD) =2

The system is consistent and has infinitely many solutions.
We write equivalent set of equations from … (1)
𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 3 ……. (2)
−3𝑧 = −3…….. (3)
𝑍=1
𝐻𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑧 = 1, 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 2
𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑥 = 𝑘 ⇒ 𝑦 = 2 − 𝑘, 𝑧 = 1, k ∈ 𝑅 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑠𝑒𝑡.

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18. Apply the test of rank to examine whether the following equations are
consistent.
2𝑥 − 𝑦 + 3𝑧 = 8, −𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 𝑧 = 4, 3𝑥 + 𝑦 − 4𝑧 = 0;
𝑠𝑜𝑙: the augmented matrix is
2 −1 3 8 2 −1 3 8
[𝐴𝐷] = [−1 2 1 4] ~[−1 2 1 4]
3 1 −4 0 3 1 −4 0
𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑅1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑅2
𝑤𝑒 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑣𝑒 𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑥 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑜

𝑎𝑛 𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑥.
𝑜𝑛 𝑎𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑦𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑅2 → 𝑅2 + 2𝑅1 , 𝑅3 → 𝑅3 + 3𝑅1
−1 2 1 4
[
~ 0 3 5 16]
0 7 −1 12
𝑎𝑛 𝑎𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑦𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑅3 → 3𝑅3 − 7𝑅2
−1 2 1 4
~[ 0 3 5 16 ] …… (1)
0 0 −38 −76
Comparing with echelon form
Number of non-zero rows in A are 3 ∴rank (A) =3

Number of non-zero rows in AD are 3 ∴rank (AD) =3
Hence rank (A) =rank [(AD)] =3.

Thus the system has a unique solution.
We write the system of equations from (1)
−𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 𝑧 = 4… (2)
3𝑦 + 5𝑧 = 16…….. (3)
−38𝑧 = −76…. (4)
𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 (4)
𝑧 = 2 𝑠𝑢𝑏 𝑖𝑛 (3)
⇒ 3𝑦 = 16 − 10 = 6
𝑦 = 2 𝑠𝑢𝑏 𝑦 = 2, 𝑧 = 2 𝑖𝑛 (1) ⇒ 𝑥 = 2
∴𝑥 = 𝑦 = 𝑧 = 2 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛.

Aimstutorial
Jr.MATHEMATICS - IA
19. Solve the following system of equations

𝒙 + 𝒚 + 𝒛 = 𝟏, 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚 + 𝟑𝒛 = 𝟔, 𝒙 + 𝟒𝒚 + 𝟗𝒛 = 𝟑;
Sol: the augmented matrix is
1 1 1 1 1 0 0 𝑥
[𝐴𝐷] = [2 2 3 6 ] ≡ [0 1 0 𝑦]
1 4 9 3 0 0 1 𝑧
𝑜𝑛 𝑎𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑦𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑅2 → 𝑅2 − 2𝑅1 , 𝑅3 → 𝑅3 − 𝑅1
1 1 1 1
= [2 − 2 2−2 3 − 2 6 − 2]
1−1 4−1 9−1 3−1
1 1 1 1
=[0 0 1 4] 𝑅2 ↔ 𝑅3
0 3 8 2
1 1 1 1
=[0 3 8 2] 𝑅1 → 3𝑅1 − 𝑅2
0 0 1 4
3−0 3−3 3−8 3−2

=[ 0 3 8 2 ]
0 0 1 4
3 0 −5 1
=[0 3 8 2]
0 0 1 4
𝑅1 → 𝑅1 + 5𝑅3 , 𝑅2 → 𝑅2 − 8𝑅3
3+0 0+0 −5 + 5 1 + 20
= [0 − 0 3−0 8−8 2 − 32]
0 0 1 4
3 0 0 21
𝑅 𝑅
=[0 3 0 −30] 𝑅1 ↔ [ 31 ], 𝑅2 ↔ [ 32 ]
0 0 1 4
1 0 0 7
=[0 1 0 −10] ∴𝑥 = 7, 𝑦 = −10, 𝑧 = 4
0 0 1 4

Aimstutorial
Jr.MATHEMATICS - IA
20. 𝒙 − 𝒚 + 𝟑𝒛 = 𝟓, 𝟒𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚 − 𝒛 = 𝟎, −𝒙 + 𝟑𝒚 + 𝒛 = 𝟓;
1 −1 3 5 1 0 0 𝑥
[𝐴𝐷] = [ 4 2 −1 0 ] ≡ [0 1 0 𝑦]
−1 3 1 5 0 0 1 𝑧
𝑜𝑛 𝑎𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑦𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑅2 → 𝑅2 − 4𝑅1 , 𝑅3 → 𝑅3 + 𝑅1
1 −1 3 5
=[ 4−4 2+4 −1 − 12 0 − 20]
−1 + 1 3−1 1+3 5+5
1 −1 3 5
𝑅
=[0 6 −13 −20] 𝑅2 ↔ [ 23 ]
0 2 4 10
1 −1 3 5
=[0 6 −13 −20] 𝑅2 → 𝑅2 − 5𝑅3
0 1 2 5
1 −1 3 5
=[0 − 0 6−5 −13 − 10 −20 − 25]
0 1 2 5
1 −1 3 5
=[0 1 −23 −45] 𝑅1 → 𝑅1 + 𝑅2 , 𝑅3 → 𝑅3 − 𝑅2
0 1 2 5
1+0 −1 + 1 3 − 23 5 − 45 1 0 −20 −40

=[ 0 1 −23 −45 ] =[0 1 −23 −45]
0−0 1−1 2 + 23 5 + 45 0 0 25 50
𝑅3
𝑅3 ↔ [ ]
25
1 0 −20 −40
=[0 1 −23 −45] 𝑅1 → 𝑅1 + 20𝑅3 ; 𝑅2 → 𝑅2 + 23𝑅3
0 0 1 2
1+0 0+0 −20 + 20 −40 + 40 1 0 0 0

=[ 0 1 −23 + 23 −45 + 46] =[0 1 0 1]
0 0 1 2 0 0 1 2
∴𝑥 = 0, 𝑦 = 1, 𝑧 = 2

Aimstutorial
Jr.MATHEMATICS - IA
21. 𝟐𝒙 − 𝒚 + 𝟑𝒛 = 𝟗, 𝒙 + 𝒚 + 𝒛 = 𝟔, 𝒙 − 𝒚 + 𝒛 = 𝟐;
2 −1 3 9 1 0 0 𝑥
[𝐴𝐷] = [1 1 1 6 ] ≡ [0 1 0 𝑦]
1 −1 1 2 0 0 1 𝑧
𝑅1 ↔ 𝑅1− 𝑅2
2−1 −1 − 1 3−1 9−6 1 −2 2 3
=[ 1 1 1 6 ] = [1 1 1 6]
1 −1 1 2 1 −1 1 2
𝑜𝑛 𝑎𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑦𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑅2 → 𝑅2 − 𝑅1 , 𝑅3 → 𝑅3 − 𝑅1
1 −2 2 3 1 −2 2 3
= [1 − 1 1+2 1−2 6−3 ] = [ 0 3 −1 3]
1−1 −1 + 2 1−2 2−3 0 1 −1 −1
𝑅2 → 𝑅2 − 2𝑅3
1 −2 2 3 1 −2 2 3
= [0 − 0 3−2 −1 + 2 3 + 2 ] = [0 1 1 5]
0 1 −1 −1 0 1 −1 −1
𝑅1 → 𝑅1 + 2𝑅2 , 𝑅3 → 𝑅3 − 𝑅2
1+0 −2 + 2 2+2 3 + 10 1 0 4 13
=[ 0 1 1 5 ] = [0 1 1 5]
0−0 1−1 −1 − 1 −1 − 5 0 0 −2 −6
𝑅
𝑅3 ↔ [ 23 ]
1 0 4 13
= [0 1 1 5]
0 0 1 3
𝑅1 → 𝑅1 − 4𝑅3 ; 𝑅2 → 𝑅2 −𝑅3
1 0 4−4 13 − 12 1 0 0 1
= [0 1 1−1 5 − 3 ] =[0 1 0 2] ∴𝑥 = 1, 𝑦 = 2, 𝑧 = 3
0 0 1 3 0 0 1 3

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Jr.MATHEMATICS - IA

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Page 26
Mathematics - IA Aimstutorial.in
1. Find the shortest distance between the skew 2.If A = (1, -2, -1), B = (4, 0, -3), C = (1, 2, -1) and
D = (2, -4, -5), find the shortest distance
lines r = 6 i + 2 j + 2k + t( i - 2 j + 2k) and
between the lines AB and CD.
A: Given points are A (1, -2, -1) B (4, 0, -3)
r = - 4i -k+s(3i - 2j - 2k) . C(1, 2, -1) D (2, -4, -5).
Given two skew lines are Equation of the line passing through the
points A (1, -2, -1) and B (4, 0, -3) is
r = 6 i + 2 j + 2k + t( i - 2 j + 2k) ,
r = i - 2 j - k + t[4 i + 0 j - 3k - ( i - 2 j - k)]
r = - 4 i - k + s(3 i - 2 j - 2k)
We know that the shortest distance between the = i - 2 j - k + t(3 i + 2 j - 2k)
skew lines r = a + tb and r = c + sd is comparing this with r = a + tb
|[a c b d]|
a  i  2 j  k, b  3 i  2 j  2k
|b x d|
Equation of the line passing through the points
Here a = 6 i + 2 j + 2k , b = i - 2 j + 2k , C(1, 2, -1) and D (2, -4, -5) is
d = 3 i - 2 j - 2k . r = i + 2 j - k + s[(2 i - 4 j - 5k) - ( i + 2 j - k)]

c =-4i -k
a - c = 10 i + 2 j + 3k = i  2 j  k  s( i  6 j  4k)
Comparing with r = c + sd
10 2 3
1 -2 2 c = i + 2j - k d = i - 6 j - 4k
[a  c b d] =
3 -2 -2 Shortest distance between the given skew lines
= 10(4+4)-2(-2-6)+3(-2+6) is
= 80 + 16 + 12 | [a  c b d] |
= 108 |b x d|
i j k a  c  4 j
b x d = 1 -2 2 0 4 0
3 -2 -2 3 2 2
[ a c b d] =
= i (4 + 4) - j (-2 - 6) + k (-2 + 6) 1 6 4
= 0 + 4(-12 + 2) + 0 = 40
= 8 i + 8 j + 4k
 |[ ac b d]| = |40| = 40
= 4(2 i + 2 j + k)
i j k
b x d = 4 4+4+1 = 4(3) = 12 b x d  3 2 2
 Shortest distance between the skew lines
1 6 4
|108|
=
12 = i(-8 - 12) - j(-12 + 2) + k(-18 - 2)
= 9 units.
= 20 i  10 j  20k
= 10(2 i  j  2k)
| b x d | 10 22  ( 1)2  22 = 10 x 3 = 30
Shortest distance between the skew
40 4
lines =  units .
30 3
Product of Vectors Q.No: 22 Aimstutorial.in

3. For any vectors a, b, c prove that
Part 2: To prove that a x (b x c) = (a.c)b - (a.b)c
i) (a x b) x c = (a .c) b - (b.c) a
Now a x (b x c) =-(b x c)x a
ii) a x (b x c) = (a .c) b - (a .b) c.
= - {(b . a ) c - (c.a)b} from part 1.
A: Part1: To show that (a x b) x c = (a .c) b - (b.c) a
= (c.a)b  (a. b) c
Suppose that
i) a, b, c are non-zero vectors.
4. If a = i - 2 j + k, b = 2 i + j + k , c = i + 2 j - k ,
ii) a is not parallel to b .
iii) c is not perpendicular to the plane containing 
find a x b x c and   a x b x c .
a, b . A: Given
Taking a, b, c satisfying the above, as follows:
a = i - 2 j + k, b = 2 i + j + k, c = i + 2 j - k
a = a1 i
b = b1 i + b2 j
 
a x b x c = (a.c)b - (a.b)c
c = c1 i + c 2 j + c 3 k
  i - 2 j + k  .  i + 2 j - k  b -
a x b = a1 i x(b1 i + b 2 j )
 i - 2 j + k  .  2 i + j + k  c
 a1 b1 i x i + a1 b 2 i x j

= (1 - 4 - 1) 2 i + j + k  - (2 - 2 + 1)  i + 2 j - k 
 0 + a1 b2k
= (-4)  2 i + j + k  - 1  i + 2 j - k 
= a1 b2k.
= -8 i - 4 j - 4k - i - 2 j + k
Now (a x b) x c = a1b 2k x(c1 i + c 2 j + c 3k )
= = -9 i - 6 j - 3k
a1b 2 c1 k x i + a1 b 2c 2k x j + a1b 2c 3 k x k  a x b  x c =  a.c  b - b . c  a

= a1b 2 c1 j  a1 b 2 c 2 i ...........(1) = (1 - 4 - 1) 2 i + j + k - (2 + 2 -
k x k = 0
a . c  a1 i .(c1 i + c 2 j + c 3 k )

1) i - 2 j + k 
= a1c1 = -8 i - 4 j - 4k - 3 i + 6 j - 3k
b . c  (b1 i + b 2 j ) .(c1 i + c 2 j + c 3 k ) = -11 i + 2 j - 7k
= b1 c1 + b2 c2
Now (a . c) b - (b . c ) a  
 axb xc = 121+ 4 + 49
= a1c1 (b1 i + b 2 j ) - (b1c 1 + b 2 c 2 )a1 i  174
= a1b1c1 i + a1b2c1 j - a1b1c1 i -a1b2c1 i
= a1b2c1 j - a1b2c2 i ..............(2)

From (1) and (2)
(a x b) xc = (a . c )b  (b. c)a .

5. If a = 2 i + j - 3k , b = i - 2 j + k , 6. If a = 2 i + 3 j + 4k , b= i + j -k and
c = - i + j - 4k and d = i + j +k then c = i - j + k then compute a x b x c   and
compute  a x b  x  c x d . verify that it is perpendicular to a .

A: Given vectors are a  2 i  3 j  4k
A: We know that  a x b  x  c x d 
b i  j k
= [a c d] b  [b c d] a
c i  j k
2 1 -3
-1 1 -4 i j k
[a c d] = Consider b x c  1
1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1
= 2 (1 + 4) - 1 (- 1 + 4) - 3(- 1 - 1)
= 10 - 3 + 6 = 13  i 1  1  j 1  1  k  1  1
1 -2 1  2 j  2k
[b c d]  -1 1 -4 i j k
1 1 1
Now a x b x c =   2 3 4
= 1(1 + 4) + 2 (-1 + 4) + 1(-1 - 1) 0 2 2
=5+6-2
=9  i   6  8   j  4  0   k  4  0 
  
 axb x cxd   2 i  4 j  4k
Now consider
= [a c d] b - [b c d] a
  
a x b x c  .a  2 i  4 j  4k . 2 i  3 j  4k  
  
= 13 i - 2 j + k - 9 2 i + j - 3k   
= 4 + 12 - 16
= 13 i - 26 j + 13k - 18 i - 9 j + 27k = 16 - 16 = 0
=  5 i - 35 j + 40k 
 a x b x c  .a  0 

= 5 - i - 7 j + 8k   
 a x b x c is perpendicular to a .
Hence proved.
 a x b  x  c x d = 5 1+ 49 + 64
= 5 117

7. I f a = i - 2j - 3k, b = 2i + j - k and c = i +3j - 2k , 8.Find the cartesian equation of the plane
verify that a x b x c ≠ a x b x c . passing through the points A(2, 3, -1),
)
(
)
A: Given : B(4, 5, 2) and C(3, 6, 5).
a = i - 2 j - 3k, b = 2 i + j - k and c = i + 3 j - 2k A: Let O be any origin.
a x b x c = a . c b - a .b c Let r = x i + yj + zk be the position vector of any
(
)
(
)
(
)
point in the plane of ABC.
= { i - 2 j - 3k).( i + 3 j - 2k)} (2 i + j - k)
AP = OP - OA
- { i - 2 j - 3k).(2 i + j - k)} ( i + 3 j - 2k)
= (x - 2) i (y - 3) j + (z +1) k
= {1(1)-2(3)-3(-2)} (2 i + j - k)
AB = OB - OA
= -{1(2)-2(1)-3(1)} ( i + 3 j - 2k)
= 2 i + 2 j + 3k
= (1-6+6) (2 i + j - k) -(2-2+3) ( i + 3 j - 2k)
AC = OC - OA
= 2 i + j - k - 3 i - 9 j + 6k = i + 3 j + 6k
= - i - 8 j + 5k ..........(1) The vectors AP, AB, AC are coplanar..
a x b) x c = a . c b - b . c a   AP AB AC = 0
(
)
(
= {1(1)-2(3)-3(-2)} (2 i + j - k)
x-2 y-3 z+1
= -{2(1) + 1(3) -1(-2)} ( i - 2 j - 3k) 2 2 3 =0

1 3 6
= (1-6+6) (2 i + j - k) -(2+3+2) ( i - 2 j - 3k)
 (x - 2) (12 - 9) - (y - 3) (12 - 3) + (z + 1) (6 - 2) = 0
= 2 i + j - k - 7 i +14 j + 21k
 3x - 6 - 9y + 27 + 4z + 4 = 0
= 5 i +15 j + 20k .........(2)  3x - 9y + 4z + 25 = 0.
From (1) and (2)
9. Find the equation of the plane passing through
a x ( b x c)  (a x b) x c . the point A = (3,-2-1) and parallel to the vector
b = i - 2 j + 4k and c = 3 i + 2 j - 5k .
A: Let P be any point on the plane with position vector
r = x i + y j + zk .
Vector equation of the plane passing through the
point A = (3,-2,-1) and parallel to the vectors
b = i - 2 j + 4k and c = 3 i + 2 j - 5k is
[AP b c] = 0
Its cartesian equation is
x - 3 y + 2 z +1
1 -2 4 =0
3 2 -5
(x - 3) (10 - 8) - (y + 2) (-5 - 12) + (z + 1) (2 + 6) = 0
 2(x - 3) + 17 (y + 2) + 8 (z + 1) = 0
2x - 6 + 17y + 34 + 8z + 8 = 0
2x + 17y + 8z + 36 = 0.

11. Using scalar product, prove that the altitudes
10.Show that the points (5,-1,1) (7, -4, 7), (1,- 6,10)
of a triangle are concurrent.
and (- 1,- 3,4) are the vertices of a rhombus by A
A:
vectors.
A: Let O be the origin and ABCD be the given figure.
E
 OA = 5 i - j + k, OB = 7 i - 4 j + 7k F
O
OC = i - 6 j + 10k, OD = - i - 3 j + 4k B D C
Now AB = OB - OA = 2 i - 3 j + 6k Let ABC be the triangle

Let the altitudes AD and BE intersect at 0.
| AB |= 4 + 9 + 36 = 7 Join C to O and extend it to CF.
To prove that altitudes are concurrent, it is enough
BC = OC - OB = - 6 i - 2 j + 3k
to prove that CF  to AB.
| BC |= 36 + 4 + 9 = 7 Let O be the origin and a,b,c be the position
CD  OD - OC = -2 i + 3 j - 6k vectors of A, B, C respectively.
Now AD  to BC and A, O, D are collinear.
 OA  BC
| CD |= 4 + 9 + 36 = 7
 OA . BC = 0
DA = OA - OD = 6 i + 2j - 3k  OA . ( OC  OB ) = 0
DA = 36 + 4 + 9 = 7  a .(c - b) = 0
 AB = BC = CD = DA
 a . c - a . b = 0 .........(1)
AC = OC - OA = - 4 i - 5 j + 9k Also BE  CA and B, O, E are collinear.
 OB  CA
| AC | = 16 + 25 + 81 = 122  OB . CA = 0
BD == OD - OB = - 8 i + j - 3k  OB . ( OA - OC ) = 0
BD = 64 + 1+ 9 = 74  b .(a - c) = 0
 AC  BD  b .a - b. c = 0 .............(2)
Hence the given points are the vertices of a rhombus.
(1) and (2) a . c - a . b + a . b - b.c = 0
 (a - b). c = 0
 ( OA - OB ).OC = 0
 BA. OC = 0
BA  OC
 AB CF
Hence the altitudes of a triangle are concurrent.

12.Using scalar product, prove that the A: Let ABCD be the given tetrahedron with
perpendicular bisectors of the sides of a A(1, 2, 1), B(3, 2, 5), C(2, -1, 0), (-1, 0, 1)
triangle are concurrent. A Let O be the origin.
A:  OA = i + 2 j + k, OB = 3 i + 2 j + 5k ,
F E
OC = 2 i - j, OD = - i + k
O
B C  AB = OB - OA = 2 i + 4k
D
AC = OC - OA = i - 3 j  k
Let ABC be the triangle with D, E, F be the
midpoints on the sides BC, CA, AB respectively. AD = OD - OA = -2 i - 2j
Let the perpendicular bisectors of the side BC and Volume of the tetrahedron ABCD
CA intersect at O. Join O to F.
To prove that perpendicular bisectors of the sides 1 | [ AB AC AD] |
= 6
are concurrent, it is enough to prove that OF AB.
2 0 4
Let O be the origin and a,b,c be the position
[ AB AC AD] = 1 -3 -1
vectors of A, B, C respectively. [ i j k ] =1
-2 -2 0
Now OD  BC = 2(0 - 2) - 0 + 4 (-2 - 6)
 OD. BC = 0 = -4 - 32 = -36.
 Volume of the tetrahedron
 OD . ( OC - OB ) = 0
1 |-36|= 6 cubic units.
= 6
 
 b 2 c .(c - b) = 0
14. Show that the four points
 (c + b).(c - b) = 0
-a + 4b - 3c, 3a +2b- 5c, -3a + 8b - 5c a n d
 c 2 - b 2 = 0 ...............(1)
Also OE  CA
- 3a + 2b + c are coplanar, where a, b, c are
non-coplanar vectors.
 OE.CA = 0 A: Let A, B, C, D be the given four points.
 OE . (OA - OC ) = 0 Let O be any origin.
 OA = -a + 4b - 3c, OB = 3a + 2b - 5c
  c +2 a  .(a - c) = 0 OC = -3a + 8b - 5c, OD = -3a + 2b + c
 (a +c).(a -c) = 0  AB  OB  OA = 4a - 2b - 2c
 a2  c 2 = 0 ..........(2) AC  OC  OA = -2a + 4b - 2c
(1) + (2)  c 2  b 2 + a2  c 2 = 0 AD  OD  OA = -2a - 2b + 4c
4 -2 -2
 a2  b 2 = 0
Now [ AB AC AD] = -2 4 -2 [a b c ]
 (a + b).(a - b ) = 0 -2 -2 4
  a+b2  .(OA - OB) = 0 = {4(16-4)+2(-8-4)-2(4+8)} [a b c ]

 OF.BA = 0  OF  BA = (48 - 24 - 24) [a b c ]
Hence, the perpendicular bisectors of the sides of
a triangle are concurrent. = 0 [a b c ]
13. Find the volume of the tetrahedron formed =0
by the vertices (1, 2, 1), (3, 2, 5), (2, -1, 0), (-1, 0,
1). So the vectors AB , AC , AD are coplanar..
Hence the given four points are coplanar.

Jr Mathematics- IA Aimstutorial.in
1. If A+B+C = 1800, then show that
sin2A - sin2B + sin2C = 4cosA sinB cosC.
A: Given: A+B+C = 1800 3. If A+B+C = 2700, show that
sin2A - sin2B + sin2C cos2A + cos2B + cos2C =1-4sinA sinB sinC

= 2cos 2A+2B
2   
sin 2A-2B +2sinC cosC
2 Given: A+B+C = 2700
= 2cos (A+B) sin(A-B) + 2sinC cosC Now cos2A + cos2B + cos2C

= 2cos(180 -C) sin(A-B) + 2sinC cosC
0
= 2cos(A+B) cos(A-B)+1-2sin2C
= -2cosC sin(A-B) +2sinC cosC
= 2cos(2700 - c) cos (A- B) +1-2sin2C
= 2cosC [-sin(A-B) + sinC]
= 2cosC [sin{1800 - (A+B)} - sin (A-B)] = -2sinC cos(A-B)+1-2sin2C
= 2cosC [sin(A+B) - sin (A-B)] = 1-2sinC[cos(A-B)+sinC]

 sin C - sinD = 1-2sinC[cos(A-B)+sin{2700 - (A+B)}]
= 2cosC. 2cosA sinB
   
= 2cos C+D sin C-D
2 2 = 1-2sinC[cos(A-B)-cos(A+B)]
= 4cosA sinB cosC  sin (2700 -) = -cos
= 1-2sinC 2sinA sinB

= 1-4sinA sinB sinC
2. If A+B+C = 900, then prove that
cos 2A + cos2B + cos2C=1 + 4 sinA sinB sinC.
A: Given A+B+C = 900 4. A + B + C = 1800 Then show that
cos A + cos B + cos C = 1 + 4sin A/2 sin A/2 sin C/2.
Now cos2A + cos2B + cos2C A: cos A + cos B + cos C
= 2cos(A+B) cos(A-B)+1-2sin2C A +B A -B
= 2 cos cos + cos C
2 2
= 2cos(900-C) cos(A-B) +1-2sin2C  A + B + C = 1800
= 2sinC cos (A-B) +1 - 2 sin2C A +B C
cos  sin
2 2
= 1 + 2sinC[cos(A-B) - sinC] C A -B C
= 2 sin cos + 1 - 2sin2
2 2 2
= 1+2sinC [cos(A-B) - sin{900 - (A+B)}] C  cos A - B  sin C 
= 1 + 2sin  2 2 
2 
= 1+2sinC [cos (A-B) - cos (A+B)]
C  cos A - B  cos A  B 
= 1 + 2 sin  2 2 
= 1 + 2sinC. 2sinA sinB 2 
C A B
= 1 + 2 sin .2 sin sin
= 1 + 4 sinA sinB sinC. 2 2 2
A B C
= 1 + 4 sin sin sin
2 2 2
Trigonometric Ratios andTransformations

7. If A+B+C =, prove that
sin2A + sin2B + sin2C = 2+2cosA cosB cosC.
5. If A+B+C = 00, prove that A: Given: A+B+C = 
sinA + sinB - sinC = -4cos A
2
cos B sin C
2 2
Now sin2A + sin2B + sin2C
A: Given A+B+C = 00 = 1-cos2A + sin2B + sin2C
 sinA + sinB - sinC = 1-(cos2A - sin2B) + sin2C
   
= 2sin A+B
2
cos A-B - 2sin C cos C
2 2 2
= 1-cos(A+B) cos(A-B) + 1 - cos2 C
= 2 - cos(- C) cos (A-B) - cos2C
2
= 2sin  -C cos  A-B  - 2sin C cos C = 2 + cosC cos(A-B) - cos2C
2 2 2
2 
= - 2sin 2 cos  A-B
C = 2 + cos C [cos (A-B) - cos C]
- 2sin C cos C
2 2 = 2 + cosC [cos (A-B) - cos{ - (A+B)}]
2 
= - 2sin 2  cos  A-B + cos C 
C = 2 + cos C [cos (A-B) + cos(A+B)]
2
= 2 + cosC 2cosA cosB
  
= - 2sin 2  cos A-B
C
2 
+ cos - A+B
2  = 2 + 2cosA cosB cosC.
 
= - 2sin 2  cos A-B
C + cos A+B   8. If A+B+C = , then show that
     
2 2
sin A + sin B + sin C = 1+ 4sin π - A sin π - B sin π - C
2 2 2 4 4 4
= - 2sin C
2
.2cos A cos B
2 2 A: Given A+B+C =
= - 4cos A cos B sin C .    A    B   C
2 2 2  1  4 sin   sin   sin  
 4   4   4 
6. If A+B+C = 1800, prove that
    A     B  C
cos
2
 A2  + co s  B2  + co s  C2  = 2 1 + sin A2 sin B2 sin C2 
2 2
 1  2  sin 
  4
 sin 
  4
  sin 


 4 
A: Given A+B+C = 1800
    A   B    A    B     B 
 cos A + cos B + cos C  1 2 cos   cos  sin 4 
2 2 2
2 2 2   4   4   
= cos A
2
+ 1- sin B + cos C
2 2  2sin A2sinB  cos  A  B   cos  A  B 
2 2 2
 
2 A 2 B 2 C
   A  B     A  B   A  B 
= 1+ cos 2 - sin 2 + cos 2  1 2 cos      cos     sin  
   4   2  4   4 
= 1+cos A+B 
  
A-B 2 C
2 cos 2 +1-sin 2   A -B 
= 1+ 2  cos 
 A + B 
 - sin 
 A +B 
  sin  
  4   4   4 
2 cos  2  -sin 2
= 2+sin C A-B C 2
A +B   A -B  2  A + B 
= 2 s in   c o s  4  + 1 - 2 s in  4 
 4
=2+sin C
2  2  
cos A-B - sin C  ∵ cos  A + B  = sin C
2  2  2
    
 2 sin A cos B  sin  A + B   sin  A - B 

= 2+sin C
2
cos A-B
 2   - cos  A+B
2 

1 - 2sin2A = cos2A.
A B A B  A B A B  A B A B  A +B 
= 2+sin C C
2 .2sin 2 sin 2 = 2[1+sin 2 sin 2 sin 2 ]  sin      sin      cos2 
 4 4 4 4  4 4 4 4  4 

A B C
A B  A +B  10.In triangle ABC, prove that cos + cos - cos
 sin  sin  cos   2 2 2
2 2  2  A   B   C
 4 cos   cos   cos  .
 4   4   4 
 A +B -C C A : Given that A + B + c = 
 cos    cos    sin A B C
 2   2  2 4 cos   cos  4  cos  4 
 4     
A B C
 sin  sin  sin .  πA  π  B  π C
2 2 2  2 2 cos   cos    cos  
  4   4   4 
9. If A+B+C =, prove that
  π A π B  π A π B   A  B 
 2 cos      cos     cos
2 2 2 
4  
4 4 
cos A + cos B + cos C = 4cos π - A cos π - B cos π - C    4 4 4 4  4 4 4 4   4 

A: Given: A+B+C =   π A B A B  A B

 2 cos     cos  cos  
4  4  
4cos π - A cos π - B cos π - C
4   2 4  4   4 
 -A    - B  -C   A B  A  B  A B

 2  2 cos   cos  4   cos  4   2   sin    cos    cos  
  4        4   4   4 
  - A + -B   - A -  + B   A +B   A B  A B  A B  A B
 2 cos    cos    cos    2cos   cos  4   2sin  4  cos  4 
  4   4   4   4       
 A B A B  A B A B  A B
 2cosAcosB  cos  A  B   cos  A  B   cos      cos     sin2 
 4 4 4 4  4 4 4 4  4 
    A  B    A  B   A B A B  A B
 2 cos      cos     cos    cos  cos  sin 
  2  4    4   4  2 2 
 2 
  A B  A  B   A B  c os
A B C
 cos  cos .
 2 sin    cos    cos  
  4   4   4  2 2 2
 A B  A B   A B  A B

 2cos   cos    2sin   cos  
 4   4   4   4 
 2 sin A cos A  sin2A
 A B A B  A B A B  A B 
 cos      cos      sin2 
 4 4 4 4  4 4 4 4  4 
A B  A B
= cos  cos  sin  
2 2  2 
A B C
= cos  cos  cos .
2 2 2

11. If A + B + C = 2, then prove that 12.If A + B + C + D = 2,
sinA - sinB + sinC - sin D prove that cos2A + cos2B + cos2C + cos2D
A +B A +C A +D = 4 cos (A + B) cos(A + C) cos(A + D)
= - 4cos sin cos
2 2 2 A: Given that A + B + C + D = 2
A : Given that A + B + C + D = 2 L.H.S. cos2A + cos2B + cos2C + cos2D
L.H.S. : sinA - sinB + sinC - sinD
 2cos(A  B)cos(A  B)  2cos(C  D)cos(C  D)
 A B  A B  C D  CD
 2cos   sin    2cos   sin   2cos(A B)cos(A B)  2cos 2 (A B) cos(C D)
 2   2   2   2 
 A B  A B   A  B    C  D   2cos(A  B)cos(A  B)  2cos(A  B)cos(C  D)

 2cos   sin   2cos      sin 
 2   2    2    2   2 cos(A  B) cos(A  B)  cos(C  D)
 A  B  A B  A  B   C  D
 2cos  sin   2cos  sin    A  C  B  D 
 2   2   2   2   2cos A  B 2cos 
  2 
 A B  A B  C  D 
 2 cos    sin    sin    A  D  B  C 
 2   2   2  cos 
 2 
  A  B C D   A B C D 
 A  B   2  2   2  2 
2cos
 2 
 2cos
 2
 sin
  2



 
 2cos  A  B  2cos 

 A  C  3600   A  C   
 
      2 

 A B  A  C  B  D   A  B  C  D 
 4cos 
 2 
 cos 
 4  sin 
 4 
 
cos 

 A  D  3600   A  D   

 2  
AB 2BD BD  2BC BC  
4cos cos sin 
 2   4   4    
 2cos  A  B 2cos A  C  1800 cos A  D  1800 
  
 A  B  C  D  2   cos(- ) = cos , cos (1800
- ) = - cos 
 A B    B  D     B  C     
 2cos  A  B 2cos 1800   A  C cos 1800   A  D 
 
 4cos   cos      sin    
 2   2  2   2  2   2cos  A  B  2  cos  A  C   cos  A  D 
A B BD B  C
 4 cos   sin   cos    4 cos(A  B)cos(A  C)cos(A  D)
 2   2   2 
 RHS
 A  B   2   A  C   2   A  D 
 4cos   sin   cos   Hence proved.
 2   2   2 
 A B  A  C   A  D 
 4 cos   sin     cos  
 2   2   2 
 A B A C  A D

  4 cos   sin   cos  
 2   2   2 
R.H.S. Hence proved.

13.If A, B, C are angles of a triangle, prove that 15.If A, B, C are angles of a triangle, then prove
cos2A + cos2B + cos2C = - 4cosAcosBcosC-1. that
sin2A + sin2B - sin2C = 2sinA sinB cosC.
A: Given A + B + C = 1800.
A. Given A + B + C = 1800.
cos2A + cos2B + cos2C. sin2A + sin2B - sin2C
= 2cos(A + B) cos(A - B) + cos2C. = (1- cos2 A) + sin2B - sin2C.
= 1 - (cos2A - sin2B) - sin2C.
= 2cos(1800 - C) cos(A - B) + cos2C.
= 1 - cos(A + B) cos(A - B) - sin2C
= - 2cosC.cos(A + B) + 2cos C - 1.
2
 cos2A - sin2B = cos(A + B) cos(A - B).
= -1 - 2 cosC[cos(A - B) - cos C]. = - cos(1800 - C) cos(A - B) + (1- cos2C)
= 1 + cosC cos(A - B) + cos2 C
= -1 - 2 cosC[cos(A - B) - cos {1800 - (A + B)}].
 cosC (1800 - ) = - cos.
= -1 - 2 cos C [cos(A - B) + cos (A + B)] = cosC [cos(A - B) + cosC].
= -1 - 2cos C.2cosA cosB. = cosC [ cos(A - B) + cos{1800 - (A + B)}].
= CosC [cos(A - B) - cos (A + B)]
= -1 - 4 cosA cosB cosC.
= cosC . 2sinA sinB.
14.If A, B, C are angles of a triangle, prove that  cos(A - B) - cos (A + B) = 2sin A sinB.
A B C = 4 sinA sinB cosC.
sinA + sinB - sinC = 4sin sin cos . 16.If A, B, C are the angles of a triangle, then
2 2 2 prove that
A: Given A + B + C = 1800.
sinA + sinB - sinC. A B C A B C
sin2 + sin2 - sin2 = 1- 2cos cos sin .
2 2 2 2 2 2
 A B  A B C C
= 2 sin   cos    2 sin cos
 2   2  2 2 A B C
sin2  sin2  sin2
2 2 2
C  A B C C
 2cos cos    2 sin cos A B C
2  2  2 2  1  cos2  sin2  sin
2 2 2
 A B  1800  C  C
 sin    sin    cos  A B C
 2  2 2  1   cos2  sin2   sin2
   2 2  2
C  A B C  A B  A B C
 2 cos cos    sin 2   1  cos   sin2
2   cos  
 2    2   2  2
C  A B  A  B  C  A B C
 2 cos  cos    cos    1  sin  cos    sin 
2  2   2  2  2  2
C A B C  A B  A  B 
 2 cos .2 sin sin  1  sin cos   cos 
2 2 2 
2  
 2   2 
A B C
= 4 sin sin cos . C A B
2 2 2  1  2 sin 2 cos cos
2 2 2
A B C
 1  4 cos cos sin .
2 2 2

17.If A + B + C = 00, then prove that 19. If A+B+C = 2S, then prove that
s i n ( S - A ) + s i n ( S - B ) + s i n
cos2A + cos2B +cos2C = 1 + 2cosAcosBcosC.
A: Given A + B + C = 00. C=4cos S-A
2   
cos S-B sin C .
2 2
cos2 A + cos2B + cos2C. A: Given: A+B+C = 2S
= cos2A + (1 - sin2B) + cos2C.
Now sin(S-A) + sin(S-B) + sinC
= 1 + (cos2A - sin2B) + cos2C
= 1 + cos (A + B) cos(A - B) + cos2C    2 
= 2sin S-A+S-B cos S-A-S+B + sinC
2
= 2sin C cos  -A+B  + 2sin C cos C

 cos2A - sin2B = cos (A + B) cos(A -
B). 2 2 2 2
= 1 + cos( - C) cos (A - B) + cos2C. = 2sin C  cos  -A+B  + cos C 
2 2 2
= 2sin C  cos  2S-A-B  + cos  -A+B  

= 1 + cosC cos(A - B) + cos2C.
 cos(- ) = cos. 2 2 2 
= 1 + cosC [cos(A - B) + cosC]. = 2sin C .2cos  2S-A-B-A+B  cos  2S-A-B+A-B 

2 4 4
= 4sin C cos  S-A  cos  S-B 

= 1 + cos C{cos (A - B) + cos {-(A + B)}].
= 1 + cosC [cos(A - B) + cos(A + B)] 2 2 2
2 
= 1 + cosC [ 2cosA cosB].  4cos  S-A cos  S-B  sin C .
2 2
= 1 + 2 cosA cosB cosC.
3π
18.If A + B + C = , then prove that
2
sin2A + sin2B - sin2C = - 4sinA sinB cosC.
3π
A: Given A + B + C = .
2
sin2A + sin2B - sin2C
= 2 sin(A + B) cos(A - B) - 2 sin C cosC.
= 2 sin (2700 - C) cos(A - B) - 2sinC cosC.
= - 2 cosC cos(A - B) - 2 sin C cosC.
 sin (2700 - ) = - cos.
= - 2cosC [cos(A - B) + sinC].
= - 2 cosC {cos(A - B) + sin {2700 - (A + B)}].
= - 2cosC[cos(A - B) - cos(A + B)].
= - 2cosC. 2 sinA sinB.
= - 4sinA sinB cosC.

JR.MATHEMATICS -1A AIMSTUTORIAL.IN
𝟔𝟓 𝟐𝟏
1. 𝑰𝒇 𝒂 = 𝟏𝟑, 𝒃 = 𝟏𝟒, 𝒄 = 𝟏𝟓 , 𝑺. 𝑻 𝑹 = , 𝒓 = 𝟒, 𝒓𝟏 = ,
𝟖 𝟐
𝒓𝟐 = 𝟏𝟐, 𝒓𝟑 = 𝟏𝟒
𝑠𝑜𝑙: Given 𝑎 = 13, 𝑏 = 14, 𝑐 = 15 𝒂+𝒃+𝒄

𝑺= 𝟐
𝒂+𝒃+𝒄 13+14+15 42
𝑺= = = = 21
𝟐 2 2
∆= √(𝒔)(𝒔 − 𝒂)(𝒔 − 𝒃)(𝒔 − 𝒄) ∆= √𝑠(𝑠 − 𝑎)(𝑠 − 𝑏)(𝑠 − 𝑐)
=√(21)(21 − 13)(21 − 14)(21 − 15)
=√(21)(8)(7)(6)
=√7.3.4.2.7.3.2
=√(7.7). (3.3). (4.4)
=√(7.3.4)2 =84
𝒂𝒃𝒄
𝑹=
𝑹=
𝒂𝒃𝒄
=
13.1.4.15
=
65 𝟒∆
𝟒∆ 4.84 8
∆ 84
𝒓= = =4
𝒔 21
∆ 84 84 21
𝒓𝟏 = (𝒔−𝒂) = = =
21−13 8 2
∆ 84 84
𝒓𝟐 = (𝒔−𝒃) = = = 12
21−14 7
∆ 84 84
𝒓𝟑 = (𝒔−𝒄) = = = 14
21−15 6
1
LAQ Q.NO: 24 | 9000687600

2. If r=1, 𝒓𝟏 = 𝟐, 𝒓𝟐 = 𝟑, 𝒓𝟑 = 𝟔 𝒇𝒊𝒏𝒅 𝒂, 𝒃, 𝒄.
Sol: given r=1, 𝑟1 = 2, 𝑟2 = 3, 𝑟3 = 6
We know that
∆= √𝑟. 𝑟1 . 𝑟2 . 𝑟3
= √1.2.3.6 = √6.6 = √62 =6
∆
𝑆=
𝑟
6
S=1 = 6
6
= 1 =6 ∆
𝑎=𝑠−
𝑟1
6
𝑎 =6−2 =6−3 =3
∆
𝑏=𝑠−
𝑟2
6
𝑏 = 6 − 3 = 6 − 2 = 4.
∆
𝑐 =𝑠−𝑟
3
6
𝑐 = 6 − 6 = 6 − 1 = 5.
LAQ Q.NO: 24 | 9000687600

3. If 𝑟1 = 8, 𝑟2 = 12, 𝑟3 = 24 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐.
Sol: given 𝑟1 = 8, 𝑟2 = 12, 𝑟3 = 24
1 1 1 1
We know that 𝑟 = 𝑟 + 𝑟 + 𝑟
1 2 3
1 1 1 1
= 8 + 12 + 24
𝑟
1 3+2+1 6 1
= = 24 = 4 ⇨ 𝑟 = 4
𝑟 24
∆= √𝑟. 𝑟1 . 𝑟2 . 𝑟3
= √4.8.12.24 = √4.4.2.12.12.2
= √42 . 22 . 122 =4.2.12=8.12=96
96
⇨ 𝑆 =𝑆 =
4
∆
𝑟
96
= =24 ∆
4 𝑎=𝑠−
𝑟1
96
𝑎 = 24 − = 24 − 12 = 12
8
∆
𝑏=𝑠−
𝑟2
96
𝑏 = 24 − = 24 − 8 = 16.
12
∆
𝑐 =𝑠−𝑟
3
3
96
c= 24 − 24 = 24 − 4 = 20
LAQ Q.NO: 24 | 9000687600

𝑟1 𝑟1 𝑟1 1 1
4. S. T + + = −
𝑏𝑐 𝑐𝑎 𝑎𝑏 𝑟 2𝑅
𝑟 𝑟 𝑟 𝑟
Sol: 𝑏𝑐1 + 𝑐𝑎1 + 𝑎𝑏1 =∑ 𝑏𝑐1 a=2𝑅 sin 𝐴
𝐴 𝐴
𝑎𝑟1 2𝑅 sin 𝐴.𝑆 .tan 𝑟1 = 𝑠 . tan
2 2
= ∑ 𝑎𝑏𝑐 = ∑ 𝑎𝑏𝑐
𝐴 sin 𝐴/2
𝐴 𝐴 tan =
2𝑅𝑆 𝐴 𝐴 sin 𝐴/2 2 cos 𝐴/2
=𝑎𝑏𝑐 ∑(2 sin 2 cos 2 ) cos 𝐴/2 sin 𝐴 = 2 sin cos
2 2
𝑆 1
4𝑅 𝑆 =
4𝑅𝑆 𝐴 𝑆 1−cos 𝐴 = ∆ 𝑟
𝑎𝑏𝑐 ∆
=𝑎𝑏𝑐 ∑(𝑠𝑖𝑛2 2 ) =∆ ∑( )
2
1 𝐴 1 − cos 𝐴
= 2𝑟 [1 − cos 𝐴 + 1 − cos 𝐵 + 1 − cos 𝐶] 𝑠𝑖𝑛 2 =
2 2
1
=2𝑟 [3 − (cos 𝐴 + cos 𝐵 + cos 𝐶)] 𝐴 𝐵
(cos 𝐴 + cos 𝐵 + cos 𝐶) =1 + 4 sin sin sin
𝐶
2 2 2
1 𝐴 𝐵 𝐶
=2𝑟 [3 − (1 + 4 sin 2 sin 2 sin 2 )]
𝐴 𝐵 𝐶
1 4𝑅 sin sin sin
2 2 2
= [2 − ] 𝑟 = 4𝑅 sin
𝐴 𝐵
sin sin
𝐶
2𝑟 𝑅
2 2 2
1 𝑟 1 1 𝑟
=2𝑟 [2 − 𝑅] =2𝑟 . 2 − 2𝑟 . 𝑅
1 1
= 𝑟 − 2𝑅
4
LAQ Q.NO: 24 | 9000687600

5. S.T 𝑟 + 𝑟3 + 𝑟1 − 𝑟2 = 4𝑅 cos 𝐵
𝐴 𝐵 𝐶
Sol: W.K.T 𝑟 = 4𝑅 sin 2 sin 2 sin 2 ,
𝐴 𝐵 𝐶
𝑟1 = 4𝑅 sin 2 cos 2 cos 2
𝐴 𝐵 𝐶
𝑟2 = 4𝑅 cos 2 sin 2 cos 2 ,
𝐴 𝐵 𝐶
𝑟3 = 4𝑅 cos 2 cos 2 sin 2
𝐴 𝐵 𝐶 𝐴 𝐵 𝐶
𝑟 + 𝑟3 = 4𝑅 sin 2 sin 2 sin 2 + 4𝑅 cos 2 cos 2 sin 2
𝐶 𝐴 𝐵 𝐴 𝐵 𝐴−𝐵 𝐴 𝐵 𝐴 𝐵
= 4𝑅 sin {sin sin + cos cos } cos
2
= cos cos + sin sin
2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2
𝐶 𝐴−𝐵
= 4𝑅 sin 2 {cos } ….. (1)
2
𝑟1 − 𝑟2 = 4𝑅 sin 2 cos 2 cos 2 − 4𝑅 cos 2 sin 2 cos 2
𝐴−𝐵 𝐴 𝐵 𝐴 𝐵
𝐶 𝐴 𝐵 𝐴 𝐵 sin = sin cos − cos sin
=4𝑅 cos 2 {sin 2 cos 2 − cos 2 sin 2 } 2 2 2 2 2
𝐶 𝐴−𝐵
=4𝑅 cos 2 {sin }…..(2)
2
L.H.S ⇨ 𝑟 + 𝑟3 + 𝑟1 − 𝑟2
𝐶 𝐴+𝐵 𝐶 𝐴−𝐵
= 4Rsin 2 {cos } + 4𝑅 cos {sin }
2 2 2
𝐶 𝐴−𝐵 𝐶 𝐴−𝐵 𝐴−𝐵 𝐴 𝐵 𝐴 𝐵

=4𝑅 [sin 2 cos + cos 2 sin ] sin
2
= sin cos − cos sin
2 2 2 2
2 2
𝐴−𝐵+𝐶
=4𝑅 [sin ]
2
𝐴 + 𝐵 + 𝐶= 𝜋
𝜋
=4𝑅 [sin ( 2 − 𝐵)]
5
=4𝑅 cos 𝐵 R.H.S
LAQ Q.NO: 24 | 9000687600

𝐴 𝐵 𝐶
cot +cot + cot
2 2 2 (𝑎+𝑏+𝑐)2
6. In ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶, =
cot 𝐴+cot 𝐵+cot 𝑐 𝑎 2 +𝑏2+𝑐 2
Sol:
𝐴 𝐵 𝐶
𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑁𝑟⇨cot 2 + cot 2 + cot 2
𝑠(𝑠−𝑎) 𝑠(𝑠−𝑏) 𝑠(𝑠−𝑐) A 𝑠(𝑠 − 𝑎)

= + + cot ( ) =
2 ∆
∆ ∆ ∆
𝑠
= (𝑠 − 𝑎 + 𝑠 − 𝑏 + 𝑠 − 𝑐)
∆
𝑠
= (3𝑠 − (𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 )) 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 = 2𝑠
∆
𝑠
=∆ (3𝑠 − 2𝑠)
𝑠 𝑆2 (𝑎+𝑏+𝑐)2
=∆ ( 𝑠 ) = =
∆ 4∆
𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝐷𝑟 ⇨cot 𝐴 + cot 𝐵 + cot 𝐶

−𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 + 𝑐 2
cos 𝐴 cos 𝐵 cos 𝐶 cos 𝐴 =
= + sin 𝐵 + sin 𝐶 2𝑏𝑐
sin 𝐴
−𝑎 2 +𝑏2 +𝑐 2 𝑎 2−𝑏2 +𝑐 2 𝑎 2 +𝑏2 −𝑐 2

= + +
2𝑏𝑐 sin 𝐴 2casin 𝐵 2absin 𝐶
1
−𝑎 2 +𝑏2 +𝑐 2 𝑎 2 −𝑏2 +𝑐 2 𝑎 2+𝑏2 −𝑐 2 ∆= (𝑏𝑐 sin 𝐴)
= 1 + 1 + 1 2
4( 𝑏𝑐 sin 𝐴) 4( acsin 𝐵) 4( absin 𝐶)
2 2 2
−𝑎 2 +𝑏2 +𝑐 2 +𝑎 2 −𝑏 2 +𝑐 2 +𝑎 2+𝑏2 −𝑐 2
= 4∆
𝑎 2 +𝑏2 +𝑐 2
= 4∆
(𝑎+𝑏+𝑐)2
4∆ (𝑎+𝑏+𝑐)2
Now Nr/Dr 𝑎2 +𝑏2 +𝑐2
=
𝑎2 +𝑏2 +𝑐 2
4∆
6
𝐴 𝐵 𝐶
cot 2 +cot2 + cot2 (𝑎+𝑏+𝑐)2
∴ =
cot 𝐴+cot 𝐵+cot 𝐶 𝑎2 +𝑏2 +𝑐 2
LAQ Q.NO: 24 | 9000687600

7. 𝐼𝑓 𝑃1 , 𝑃2 , 𝑃3 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑎𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑑𝑒𝑠 𝑑𝑟𝑎𝑤𝑛 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚

𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝐴, 𝐵, 𝑐 𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑎
1 1 1 1
𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑆. 𝑇 (𝑖 ) 𝑃 + 𝑃 + 𝑃 = 𝑟
1 2 3
1 1 1 1 8∆3 (𝑎𝑏𝑐)2
(𝑖𝑖 ) + 𝑃 − 𝑃 = 𝑟 (𝑖𝑖𝑖)𝑃3 . 𝑃3 . 𝑃3 = 𝑎𝑏𝑐 =
𝑃1 2 3 3 8𝑅3
1 1 1
Sol: ∆= 2 𝑎𝑃1 , ∆= 2 𝑏𝑃2 , ∆= 2 𝑐𝑃3
2∆ 2∆ 2∆
⇨𝑃1 = , 𝑃2 = , 𝑃3 =
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
1 1 1 𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
(𝑖 ) + 𝑃 + 𝑃 = 2∆ + 2∆ + 2∆
𝑃1 2 3
𝑠 1
𝑎+𝑏+𝑐 2𝑠 1 =
= = 2∆ = 𝑟 ∆ 𝑟
2∆
1 1 1 𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
(𝑖𝑖 ) + 𝑃 − 𝑃 = 2∆ + 2∆ − 2∆
𝑃1 2 3
𝑎+𝑏−𝑐 2𝑠−2𝑐 𝑠−𝑐 1

= = = =𝑟
2∆ 2∆ ∆ 3
2∆ 2∆ 2∆ 8∆3
(𝑖𝑖𝑖 )𝑃3 . 𝑃3 . 𝑃3 = . . = 𝑎𝑏𝑐
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
𝑎𝑏𝑐
∆=
4𝑅
𝑎𝑏𝑐 3
8( ) 8(𝑎𝑏𝑐)2 (𝑎𝑏𝑐)2
4𝑅
= = =
𝑎𝑏𝑐 64𝑅3 8𝑅3
LAQ Q.NO: 24 | 9000687600

𝑎𝑏−𝑟1 𝑟2 𝑏𝑐−𝑟2 𝑟3 𝑎𝑏−𝑟3 𝑟1

8. 𝑆. 𝑇 = =
𝑟3 𝑟1 𝑟2
Sol: 𝑎𝑏 − 𝑟1 𝑟2
= (2𝑅 sin 𝐴)(2𝑅 sin 𝐵)

− (4𝑅 sin 2 cos 2 cos 2 ) (4𝑅 cos 2 sin 2 cos 2 )
𝐶 𝐴 𝐵 𝐵 𝐵
=4𝑅2 sin 𝐴 sin 𝐵 − [4𝑅2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 2 ] (2 sin 2 cos 2 ) (2 sin 2 cos 2 )
𝐶
=4𝑅2 sin 𝐴 sin 𝐵 − [4𝑅2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 2 ] (sin 𝐴)(sin 𝐵 )
𝐶
=4𝑅2 sin 𝐴 sin 𝐵 [1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 2 ]
𝐶
=4𝑅2 sin 𝐴 sin 𝐵 [𝑠𝑖𝑛2 2 ]
𝐶
𝑎𝑏−𝑟1 𝑟2 4𝑅2 sin 𝐴 sin 𝐵[𝑠𝑖𝑛 2 ]
2
𝑁𝑜𝑤 = 𝐴 𝐵 𝐶
𝑟3 4𝑅 cos cos sin
2 2 2
𝐴 𝐵 𝐵 𝐵 𝐶
4𝑅 2 (2 sin cos )(2 sin cos )[𝑠𝑖𝑛 2 ]
2 2 2 2 2
= 𝐴 𝐵 𝐶
4𝑅 cos cos sin
2 2 2
𝐴 𝐵 𝐶
=4𝑅 sin 2 sin 2 sin 2 = 𝑟
𝑏𝑐−𝑟2 𝑟3 𝑎𝑏−𝑟3 𝑟1
𝑠𝑖𝑚𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑙𝑦 = =𝑟
𝑟1 𝑟2
LAQ Q.NO: 24 | 9000687600

𝐴 𝐵 𝐶 ∆
9. a𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 2 + 𝑏𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 2 + 𝑐𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 2 =S +𝑅
Sol:
𝐴 𝐵 𝐶
L.H.S⇨ acos 2 + 𝑏 cos 2 + 𝑐 cot 2
𝐴 1+cos 𝐴
⇨ ∑ 𝑎 cos 2 = ∑ 𝑎( )
2
1
⇨ 2 ∑(𝑎 + acos 𝐴)
1 1
⇨ 2 ∑(𝑎) + 2 ∑(acos 𝐴)
𝒂+𝒃+𝒄 1
⇨ + 2 ∑ (2RsinAcos 𝐴)
𝟐
𝑅
⇨ 𝒔 + 2 ∑ (sin2A)
𝑅
⇨ 𝒔 + 2 (sin2A +sin2B + sin2B)
𝑅
⇨ 𝒔 + 2 (4sinA sinBsinC)
2𝑅2 sinA sinBsinC

⇨𝒔 + 𝑅
∆
⇨ 𝒔 + 𝑅 R.H.S
LAQ Q.NO: 24 | 9000687600

𝐴 𝐵 𝐶 𝑟
10. 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 2 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 2 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 2 = 1 − 2𝑅 .
Sol:
𝐴 𝐵 𝐶
L.H.S⇨𝑠𝑖𝑛2 2 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 2 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 2
1−cos 𝐴 1−cos 𝐴 1−cos 𝐴

⇨ + +
2 2 2
1
⇨2 [3 − (cos 𝐴 + cos 𝐵 + cos 𝐶)]
1 𝐴+𝐵 𝐴−𝐵
⇨2 [3 − (2𝑐𝑜𝑠 ( ) + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 ( ) + cos 𝐶)]
2 2
1 𝐶 𝐴−𝐵 𝐴
⇨2 [3 − (2𝑠𝑖𝑛 2 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 ( ) + 1 − 2𝑠𝑖𝑛2 2 )]
2
1 𝐶 𝐴−𝐵 𝐴
⇨2 [3 − 1 − 2𝑠𝑖𝑛 2 {𝑐𝑜𝑠 ( ) − 𝑠𝑖𝑛 2 }]
2
1 𝐶 𝐴−𝐵 𝐴+𝐵
⇨2 [2 − 2𝑠𝑖𝑛 2 {𝑐𝑜𝑠 ( ) − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 ( )}]
2 2
1 𝐶 𝐴 𝐵
⇨2 [3 − 1 − 2𝑠𝑖𝑛 2 {2𝑠𝑖𝑛 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛 2 }]
1 𝐴 𝐵 𝐶
⇨2 [2 − 4𝑠𝑖𝑛 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛 2 ]
𝐴 𝐵 𝐶
1 4𝑅𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑖𝑛
2 2 2
⇨2 [2 − ]
𝑅
1 𝑟
⇨2 [2 − 𝑅 ]
2 𝑟
= 2 − 2𝑅
𝑟
= 1 − 2𝑅
R.H.S
10
LAQ Q.NO: 24 | 9000687600

𝐴 𝐵 𝐶
Or ⇨𝑠𝑖𝑛2 2 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 2 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 2
𝐴 𝐵 𝐶
⇨1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 2 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 2 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 2
𝐴 𝐵 𝐶
⇨1 − {𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 2 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 2 } + 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 2
𝐴+𝐵 𝐴−𝐵 𝐶
⇨ [1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 ( ) 𝑐𝑜𝑠 ( ) + 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 2 ]
2 2
𝐶 𝐴−𝐵 𝐶
⇨ [1 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 ( ) + 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 2 ]
2
𝐶 𝐴−𝐵 𝐶
⇨ [1 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛 2 {𝑐𝑜𝑠 ( ) − 𝑠𝑖𝑛 2 }]
2
𝐶 𝐴−𝐵 𝐴+𝐵
⇨ [1 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛 2 {𝑐𝑜𝑠 ( ) − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 ( )}]
2 2
𝐶 𝐴 𝐵
⇨[1 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛 2 {2𝑠𝑖𝑛 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛 2 }]
𝐴 𝐵 𝐶
4𝑅𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑟
2 2 2
⇨1 − = 1 − 2𝑅
2𝑅
11
LAQ Q.NO: 24 | 9000687600

11. 𝑎3 cos(𝐵 − 𝐶 ) + 𝑏3 cos(𝐶 − 𝐴)

+ 𝑐 3 cos(𝐴 − 𝐵) = 3𝑎𝑏𝑐
Sol: ∑ 𝑎3 cos(𝐵 − 𝐶 )=∑ 𝑎. 𝑎2 cos(𝐵 − 𝐶 )
=𝑎2 ∑ 2𝑅𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴. cos(𝐵 − 𝐶 )

=𝑎2 ∑ 2𝑅𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝐵 + 𝐶). cos(𝐵 − 𝐶 )
2
= 𝑅𝑎 ∑ [𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝐵 + 𝐶 + 𝐵 − 𝐶 ) + sin(𝐵 + 𝐶𝐵 + 𝐶 )]
2
= 𝑅𝑎 ∑ [𝑠𝑖𝑛(2𝐵 ) + sin(2𝐶 )]
2
= 𝑅𝑎 ∑ [2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐵𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐵 + 2sinCcosC]
= 𝑎2 ∑ [(2𝑅𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐵 )𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐵 + (2RsinC)cosC]
= 𝑎2 ∑ [(𝑏)𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐵 + (C)cosC]
= 𝑎2 [𝑏𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐵 + 𝑐cosC] + 𝑏2 [𝑐𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐶 + 𝑎cosA] + 𝑐 2 [𝑎𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴 +

𝑏cosB]
=𝑎𝑏[𝑎𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐵 + 𝑏cosA] +𝑏𝑐 [𝑏𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐶 + 𝑐cosB] + 𝑐𝑎[𝑎𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐶 +

𝑐cosA]
=𝑎𝑏[𝑐 ] +𝑏𝑐 [𝑎] + 𝑐𝑎[𝑏]
=𝑎𝑏𝑐
12
LAQ Q.NO: 24 | 9000687600

13
LAQ Q.NO: 24 | 9000687600

14
LAQ Q.NO: 24 | 9000687600

Page 15
Jr. MATHEMATICS – IA AIMSTUTORIAL
1. If “ABCDEF” be a regular hexagon with centre ‘’o’’.
S.T AB + AC + AD + AE + AF=3AD=6AO
Sol: AB + AC + AD + AE + AF
⇨ (AB + AE) + (AC + AF) + AD
⇨ (AB + BD) + (AC + CD) + AD
⇨ (AD) + (AD) + AD =3AD
=3(2AO) =6AO
2. In ∆ 𝑨𝑩𝑪, if O is the circumcentre and H is the orthocenter, then

S.T (i) OA + OB + OC = OH,
(ii) HA + HB + HC =2HO.
𝑂𝐵+𝑂𝐶
𝑆𝑜𝑙: (𝑖 ) 𝑂𝐷 = ⇨ 2𝑂𝐷 = 𝑂𝐵 + 𝑂𝐶
2 ∴2OD = AH
∴ 𝑂𝐴 + 𝑂𝐵 + 𝑂𝐶 = 𝑂𝐴 + 2𝑂𝐷
= 𝑂𝐴 + 𝐴𝐻 = 𝑂𝐻.
(ii) HA + HB + HC
= OA − OH + OB − OH + OC − OH
=(𝑂𝐴 + 𝑂𝐵 + 𝑂𝐶 ) − 3𝑂𝐻
=𝑂𝐻 − 3𝑂𝐻
= −2𝑂𝐻 = 2𝐻𝑂
AIMSTUTORIAL IPE SAQ: - Q. NO:

1 12
3. 𝑰𝒇 𝒊, 𝒋, 𝒌 𝒂𝒓𝒆 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕 𝒗𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒐𝒓𝒔 𝒂𝒍𝒐𝒏𝒈 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒑𝒐𝒔𝒊𝒕𝒊𝒗𝒆 𝒅𝒊𝒓𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒔 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒄𝒐𝒐𝒓𝒅𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒕𝒆 𝒂𝒙𝒆𝒔, 𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒏 𝑺. 𝑻
𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒇𝒐𝒖𝒓 𝒑𝒐𝒊𝒏𝒕𝒔 𝟒𝒊 + 𝟓𝒋 + 𝒌 , −𝒋 – 𝒌 , 𝟑𝒊 + 𝟗𝒋 + 𝟒𝒌 , −𝟒𝒊 + 𝟒𝒋 + 𝟒𝒌 𝒂𝒓𝒆 𝒄𝒐𝒑𝒍𝒂𝒏𝒂𝒓.
Sol: let 𝑂𝐴 = 4𝑖 + 5𝑗 + 𝑘, 𝑂𝐵 = −𝑗 – 𝑘, 𝑂𝐶 == 3𝑖 + 9𝑗 + 4𝑘,
𝑂𝐷 = −4𝑖 + 4𝑗 + 4𝑘, 𝑂 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛.
𝐴𝐵 = 𝑂𝐵 – 𝑂𝐴 = − 4𝑖 – 6𝑗 − 2𝑘
𝐴𝐶 = 𝑂𝐶 − 𝑂𝐴 = − 𝑖 + 4𝑗 + 3𝑘
𝐴𝐷 = 𝑂𝐷 – 𝑂𝐴 = − 8𝑖 – 𝑗 + 3𝑘
−4 −6 −2
[𝐴𝐵 𝐴𝐶 𝐴𝐷] = |−1 4 3 | [𝑖 𝑗 𝑘] {[𝑖 𝑗 𝑘 ] = 1}
−8 −1 3
= −4(12 + 3) + 6(−3 + 24) − 2(1 + 32) = −4(15) + 6(21) − 2(33) = −60 + 126 − 66 = 0
∴ 𝐴𝐵, 𝐴𝐶 , 𝐴𝐷 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑝𝑎𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑟.

4. 𝒊𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒑𝒐𝒊𝒏𝒕𝒔 𝒘𝒉𝒐𝒔𝒆 𝒑𝒐𝒔𝒊𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒗𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒐𝒓𝒔 𝒂𝒓𝒆 𝟑𝒊 − 𝟐𝒋 − 𝒌 , 𝟐𝒊 + 𝟑𝒋 − 𝟒𝒌, −𝒊 + 𝒋 + 𝟐𝒌,
𝟏𝟒𝟔
𝟒𝒊 + 𝟓𝒋 + 𝝀𝒌 𝒂𝒓𝒆 𝒄𝒐𝒑𝒍𝒂𝒏𝒂𝒓 𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒏 𝒔𝒉𝒐𝒘 𝒕𝒉𝒂𝒕 𝝀 = − 𝟏𝟕
.
Sol: let 𝑂𝐴 = 3𝑖 − 2 𝑗 − 𝑘, 𝑂𝐵 = 𝟐𝒊 + 𝟑𝒋 − 𝟒𝒌, 𝑶𝑪 = −𝒊 + 𝒋 + 𝟐𝒌,
𝑶𝑫 = 𝟒𝒊 + 𝟓𝒋 + 𝝀𝒌, 𝑂 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛.
𝐴𝐵 = 𝑂𝐵 – 𝑂𝐴 = −𝑖 + 5𝑗 − 3𝑘
𝐴𝐶 = 𝑂𝐶 − 𝑂𝐴 = −4𝑖 + 3𝑗 + 3𝑘
𝐴𝐷 = 𝑂𝐷 – 𝑂𝐴 = 1 + 7𝑗 + (𝜆 + 1)𝑘 ∴ 𝐴𝐵, 𝐴𝐶 , 𝐴𝐷 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑝𝑎𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑟.
−1 5 −3
[𝐴𝐵 𝐴𝐶 𝐴𝐷] = |−4 3 3 |=0
1 7 𝜆 + 1)
(
⇨ −1(3(𝜆 + 1) − 21) − 5(−4(𝜆 + 1) − 3) − 3(−28 − 3) = 0
⇨ −1(3𝜆 + 3 − 21) − 5(−4𝜆 − 4 − 3) + 91 = 0

𝟏𝟒𝟔
⇨ −3𝜆 + 18 + 20𝜆 + 35 + 91 = 0 ⇨17𝝀 + 𝟏𝟒𝟔 = 𝟎 ⇨ 𝝀 = − .
𝟏𝟕

2 12
5. 𝑰𝒇 𝒂, 𝒃, 𝒄 𝒂𝒓𝒆 𝒏𝒐𝒏 𝒄𝒐𝒑𝒍𝒂𝒏𝒂𝒓, 𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒏 𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒗𝒆 𝒕𝒉𝒂𝒕 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒑𝒐𝒊𝒏𝒕𝒔 𝒘𝒊𝒕𝒉 𝒑𝒐𝒔𝒊𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒗𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒐𝒓𝒔
𝟐𝒂 + 𝟑𝒃 − 𝒄, 𝒂 − 𝟐𝒃 + 𝟑𝒄, 𝟑𝒂 + 𝟒𝒃 − 𝟐𝒄, 𝒂 − 𝟔𝒃 + 𝟔𝒄 are coplanar.
Sol: Given
𝑂𝐴 = 𝟐𝒂 + 𝟑𝒃 − 𝒄, 𝑂𝐵 = 𝒂 − 𝟐𝒃 + 𝟑𝒄, 𝑂𝐶 = 𝟑𝒂 + 𝟒𝒃 − 𝟐𝒄, 𝑂𝐷 = 𝒂 − 𝟔𝒃 +
𝟔𝒄, 𝑂 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛.
𝐴𝐵 = 𝑂𝐵 – 𝑂𝐴 = −𝑎 − 5𝑏 + 4𝑐
𝐴𝐶 = 𝑂𝐶 − 𝑂𝐴 = 𝑎 + 𝑏 − 𝑐
𝐴𝐷 = 𝑂𝐷 – 𝑂𝐴 = −𝑎 − 9𝑏 + 7𝑐
−1 −5 4
[𝐴𝐵 𝐴𝐶 𝐴𝐷] = | 1 1 −1| [𝑎 𝑏 𝑐] {[𝑎 𝑏 𝑐] = 1}
−1 −9 7
= −1(7 − 9) + 5(7 − 1) + 4(−9 + 1) = −1(−2) + 5(6) + 4(−8) = 2 + 30 − 32 = 0
6. 𝑺𝒉𝒐𝒘 𝒕𝒉𝒂𝒕 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒇𝒐𝒖𝒓 𝒑𝒐𝒊𝒏𝒕𝒔 − 𝒂 + 𝟒𝒃 − 𝟑𝒄, 𝟑𝒂 + 𝟐𝒃 − 𝟓𝒄, −𝟑𝒂 + 𝟖𝒃 − 𝟓𝒄, −𝟑𝒂 + 𝟐𝒃 + 𝒄
are coplanar.
Sol: Given
𝑂𝐴 = −𝒂 + 𝟒𝒃 − 𝟑𝒄, 𝑶𝑩 = 𝟑𝒂 + 𝟐𝒃 − 𝟓𝒄, 𝑶𝑪 = −𝟑𝒂 + 𝟖𝒃 − 𝟓𝒄,
𝑶𝑫 = −𝟑𝒂 + 𝟐𝒃 + 𝒄 𝑂 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛.
𝐴𝐵 = 𝑂𝐵 – 𝑂𝐴 = 4𝑎−2b-2c
𝐴𝐶 = 𝑂𝐶 − 𝑂𝐴 = −2𝑎 + 4𝑏 − 2𝑐
𝐴𝐷 = 𝑂𝐷 – 𝑂𝐴 = −2𝑎 − 2𝑏 + 4𝑐
4 −2 −2
[𝐴𝐵 𝐴𝐶 𝐴𝐷] = | −2 4 −2| [𝑎 𝑏 𝑐] {[𝑎 𝑏 𝑐] = 1}
−2 −2 4
= 4(16 − 4) + 2(−8 − 4) − 2(4 + 8) = 4(12) + 2(−12) − 2(12) = 48 − 24 − 24 = 0
7. 𝑺𝒉𝒐𝒘 𝒕𝒉𝒂𝒕 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒇𝒐𝒖𝒓 𝒑𝒐𝒊𝒏𝒕𝒔 𝟔𝒂 + 𝟐𝒃 − 𝒄, 𝟐𝒂 − 𝒃 + 𝟑𝒄, −𝒂 + 𝟐𝒃 − 𝟒𝒄, −𝟏𝟐𝒂 − 𝒃 − 𝟑𝒄

are coplanar.
Sol: Given

3 12
𝑂𝐴 = 𝟔𝒂 + 𝟐𝒃 − 𝒄, 𝑶𝑩 = 𝟐𝒂 − 𝒃 + 𝟑𝒄, 𝑶𝑪 = −𝒂 + 𝟐𝒃 − 𝟒𝒄,
𝑶𝑫 = −𝟏𝟐𝒂 − 𝒃 − 𝟑𝒄 𝑂 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛.
𝐴𝐵 = 𝑂𝐵 – 𝑂𝐴 = −4𝑎 − 3𝑏 + 4𝑐,
𝐴𝐶 = 𝑂𝐶 − 𝑂𝐴 = −7𝑎 − 3𝑐,
𝐴𝐷 = 𝑂𝐷 – 𝑂𝐴 = −18𝑎 − 3𝑏 − 2𝑐
−4 −3 4
[𝐴𝐵 𝐴𝐶 𝐴𝐷] = | −7 0 −3| [𝑎 𝑏 𝑐] {[𝑎 𝑏 𝑐] = 1}
−18 −3 −2
= −4(0 − 9) + 3(14 − 54) + 4(21 − 0) = −4(−9) + 3(−40) + 4(21)

= 36 − 120 + 84 = 120 − 120 = 0
8. 𝑷. 𝑻 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒕𝒓𝒊𝒂𝒏𝒈𝒍𝒆 𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒆𝒅 𝒃𝒚 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒗𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒐𝒓𝒔 𝟑𝒊 + 𝟓𝒋 + 𝟐𝒌, 𝟐𝒊 − 𝟑𝒋 − 𝟓𝒌 𝒂𝒏𝒅

−𝟓𝒊 − 𝟐𝒋 + 𝟑𝒌 𝒊𝒔 𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒊𝒍𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒍.
𝑺𝒐𝒍: 𝑙𝑒𝑡
𝐴𝐵 = 3𝑖 + 5𝑗 + 2𝑘 ⇨ |𝐴𝐵| = √32 + 52 + 22
= √9 + 25 + 4 = √38 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠
𝐵𝐶 = 2𝑖 − 3𝑗 − 5𝑘 ⇨ |𝐵𝐶| = √22 + 32 + 52
= √4 + 9 + 25 = √38 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠
𝐶𝐴 = −5𝑖 − 2𝑗 + 3𝑘 ⇨ |𝐶𝐴| = √52 + 22 + 32
= √25 + 4 + 9 = √38 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠
∴ |𝐴𝐵| = |𝐵𝐶| = |𝐶𝐴|, 𝑡ℎ𝑢𝑠 ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 𝑖𝑠 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙.
9. 𝑆. 𝑇 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝐴(2, −1, 1), 𝐵(1, −3, −5)𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐶 (3, −4, − 4)𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑎 𝑟𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡
𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒𝑑 𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒.
𝑆𝑜𝑙: 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑂𝐴 = (2𝑖 – 𝑗 + 𝑘), 𝑂𝐵 = (𝑖 − 3𝑗 − 5𝑘), 𝑂𝐶 = (3𝑖 − 4𝑗 – 4𝑘)

4 12
𝐴𝐵 = 𝑂𝐵 – 𝑂𝐴 = (𝑖 − 3𝑗 − 5𝑘) − (2𝑖 – 𝑗 + 𝑘) = − 𝑖 − 2𝑗 − 6𝑘
⇨ |𝐴𝐵| = √12 + 22 + 62 = √1 + 4 + 36 = √41 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠
𝐵𝐶 = 𝑂𝐶 – 𝑂𝐵 = (3𝑖 − 4𝑗 − 4𝑘) − (𝑖 − 3𝑗 − 5𝑘) = 2𝑖 − 𝑗 + 𝑘
⇨ |𝐵𝐶| = √22 + 12 + 12 = √4 + 1 + 1 = √6 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠
𝐶𝐴 = 𝑂𝐴 – 𝑂𝐶 = (2𝑖 − 𝑗 + 𝑘) − (3𝑖 – 4𝑗 – 4𝑘) = −𝑖 + 3𝑗 + 5𝑘
⇨ |𝐶𝐴| = √12 + 32 + 52 = √1 + 9 + 25 = √35 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠
2 2 2
|𝐴𝐵| = |𝐵𝐶| + |𝐶𝐴| ∴A, B, C are vertices of a right angled triangle.
10. Show that the points (5, -1, 1), (7, -4, 7), (1, -6, 10) and (-1, 3, 4) are the vertices of a
rhombus.
Sol: 𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑂𝐴 = (5𝑖 − 𝑗 + 𝑘), 𝑂𝐵 = (7𝑖 − 4𝑗 + 7𝑘), 𝑂𝐶 = (𝑖 − 6𝑗 + 10𝑘 )
𝑶𝑫 = −𝒊 + 𝟑𝒋 + 𝟒𝒌
𝐴𝐵 = 𝑂𝐵 – 𝑂𝐴 = (7𝑖 − 4𝑗 + 7𝑘) − (5𝑖 − 𝑗 + 𝑘) = 2𝑖 − 3𝑗 + 6𝑘
⇨ |𝐴𝐵| = √22 + 32 + 62 = √4 + 9 + 36 = √49 = 7 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠
𝐵𝐶 = 𝑂𝐶 − 𝑂𝐵 = −6𝑖 − 2𝑗 + 3𝑘
⇨ |𝐵𝐶| = √62 + 22 + 32 = √36 + 4 + 9 = √49 = 7 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠
𝐶𝐷 = 𝑂𝐷 − 𝑂𝐶 = −2𝑖 + 3𝑗 − 6𝑘
⇨ |𝐶𝐷| = √22 + 32 + 62 = √4 + 9 + 36 = √49 = 7 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠
𝐷𝐴 = 𝑂𝐴 − 𝑂𝐷 = 6𝑖 + 2𝑗 − 3𝑘
⇨ |𝐷𝐴| = √62 + 22 + 32 = √36 + 4 + 9 = √49 = 7 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠
Thus ⇨ |𝐴𝐵| = |𝐵𝐶| = |𝐶𝐷| = |𝐷𝐴|
Also 𝐴𝐶 = 𝑂𝐶 − 𝑂𝐴 = −4𝑖 − 5𝑗 − 9𝑘
⇨ |𝐴𝐶| = √42 + 52 + 92 = √16 + 25 + 81 = √122 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠

5 12
𝐵𝐷 = 𝑂𝐷 − 𝑂𝐵 = −8𝑖 + 𝑗 − 3𝑘
⇨ |𝐵𝐷| = √82 + 12 + 32 = √64 + 1 += √74 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠
|𝐴𝐶| ≠ |𝐵𝐷|
∴A, B, C, D form a rhombus.
11. In th two dimensional plane, prove by using vector methods the equation of the line whose
𝒙 𝒚
intercepts on the axes are ‘ a ’ and ‘ b ’ is 𝒂 + 𝒃 = 𝟏.
Sol: 𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝐴(𝑎, 0), 𝐵(0, 𝑏)𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑃(𝑥, 𝑦)
𝑙𝑒𝑡 ′𝑜 ′ 𝑏𝑒𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑠𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝐴(𝑎) = 𝑎𝑖, 𝐵(𝑏) = 𝑏𝑗 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑟 = 𝑂𝑃 = 𝑥𝑖 + 𝑦𝑗
𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑝𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑔ℎ 𝐴(𝑎), 𝐵(𝑏)𝑖𝑠 𝑟 = (1 − 𝑡)(𝑎𝑖 ) + 𝑡(𝑏𝑗)
𝑥𝑖 + 𝑦𝑗 = 𝑟 = (1 − 𝑡)(𝑎𝑖 ) + 𝑡(𝑏𝑗 )𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓 𝑜𝑓 𝑖 , 𝑗 𝑜𝑛 𝑏𝑜𝑡ℎ 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠
𝑥 𝑦
𝑥 = (1 − 𝑡)𝑎 ⇨ = 1−𝑡 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 = 𝑏𝑡 ⇨ =𝑡
𝑎 𝑏
𝑥 𝑦
L.H.S 𝑎 + 𝑏 = 1 − 𝑡 + 𝑡 = 1 𝑅. 𝐻. 𝑆

6 12
JR MATHEMATICS 1A AIMSTUTORIAL.IN
2).
1). a).Find the volume of the parallelopiped with
a). By using vector method, prove that the angle coterminous edges 2 i - 3j + k , i - j + 2k and
in a semicircle is a right angle.
2i + j -k .
A:Let AB be a diameter of a circle with centre O.
A: Let a, b, c be the coterminous edges of the
Let P be any point on the semicircle with OP = r .
parallelopiped.
Let OA = a
 OB = -a a  2 i - 3j +k
b  i - j + 2k
Consider PA . PB = ( OA - OP).( OB - OP)
c  2i + j -k
= ( a - r). (- a - r)
P
= - | a |2 + | r |2 2 -3 1
A [a b c ] = 1 -1 2 [ i j k ]
= | r |2 - | a |2 O
B
2 1 -1
= | a |2 - | a |2 = 2(1-2)+3(-1-4)+1(1+2)
∵ | r | = | a | = radius ∵ [ i j k ] =1
=0 = -2 - 15 + 3
 APB = 90
0 = -14
Hence the angle in a semicircle is a right angle. Volume of the parallelopiped
= |[a b c]|
b). Prove that the smaller angle  between any = |-14|
1 = 14 cubic units.
two diagonals of a cube is cos = 3 .
b). Find the volume of the tetrahedron having the
A:Without loss of generality we may assume that the
coterminous edges i + j + k, i - j and i + 2 j + k
cube is a unit cube.
Y A: Let a, b, c be the coterminous edges of the
Let OA = i, OB = j , OC = k
tetrahedron.
B
D a = i + j + k, b = i - j, c  i + 2 j + k
E
G
OG = i + j + k 1 1 1
j
i [a b c ] = 1 -1 0 [ i j k]
AF = - i + j + k k X
O A 1 2 1
BE = i - j + k C F
 [ i j k] = 1
CD = i + j - k Z = 1(-1-0)-1(1-0)+1(2+1)
= -1-1+3
Let  be the acute angle between the diagonals OG = 1.
and AF. Volume of the tetrahedron
1
= | [a b c ] |
|OG . AF| 6
Now cos =
|OG| |AF| 1
= |1|
|( i + j+k).( i - j+k)| 6
= | i + j+k| | i - j+k
| 1
= cubic unit.
| 1 - 1 + 1| 6
= 1
= 3
3 3
.
Product of Vectors
c).Find the volume of the tetrahedron formed by e). Find  in order that four points A(3, 2, 1) B(4,
the vertices (1, 2, 1), (3, 2, 5), (2, -1, 0), (-1, 0, 1). , 5), C(4, 2, -2) and D(6, 5, -1) be coplanar.
A: Let ABCD be the given tetrahedron with A: Given points A, B, C, D are coplanar, so
A(1, 2, 1), B(3, 2, 5), C(2, -1, 0), (-1, 0, 1)  AB AC AD   0
Let O be the origin.  
4  3   2 5  1
 4  3 2  2  2  1  0
 OA = i + 2 j + k, OB = 3 i + 2 j + 5k , 6  3 5  2  1  1
1   2 4
OC = 2 i - j, OD = - i + k  1 0  3  0
3 3  2
 AB = OB - OA = 2 i + 4k  1 (0  9 )  (   2 )  (  2  9 )  4 (3  0 )  0
 9  (   2 )7  1 2  0
AC = OC - OA = i - 3 j  k  9  7   1 4  1 2  0
  7   3 5  0
AD = OD - OA = -2 i - 2j    5
Volume of the tetrahedron ABCD

1 | [ AB AC AD] |
= 6
2 0 4
[ AB AC AD] = 1 -3 -1 [ i j k]
f). Determine  if the volume of the
-2 -2 0
paralleopiped w hose edges are
[ i j k ] =1
i + j, 3 i - j and 3 j + λk is 16 cubic units.
= 2(0 - 2) - 0 + 4 (-2 - 6) = -4 - 32 = -36.
A: a  i  j , b  3 i  j , c  3 j   k
1 |-36|= 6 cubic unitss
 Volume of the tetrahedron = 6 Formulae : The volume of the tetrahedron having
edges a b c is  a b c  .
1 1 0
d). Determine  if the volume of the
 a b c   3 1 0
paralleopiped whose edges are
0 3 
i + j + k, i - j and i + 2 j + k .
= 1 (-  - 0) - 1 (3 - 0) = -  - 3 = - 4
A: Formulae : The volume of the tetrahedron having  Volume of the parallelopiped
1
edges a, b, c is a b c  .   4  16     4
6 
1 1 1
Here,  a b c   1 1 0
1 2 1
= 1 (- 1 - 0) - 1(1 - 0) + 1 (2 + 1) = 1
 Volume of the tetrahedron
1 1 1
a b c   (1)  cubic unit.
6 6 6
Product of Vectors
3).
a). Show that the points (5,-1,1) (7, -4, 7), (1,- 6,10) b). Show that the four points
and (- 1,- 3,4) are the vertices of a rhombus by
vectors. -a + 4b - 3c, 3a+2b- 5c, -3a + 8b - 5c a n d
A: Let O be the origin and ABCD be the given figure.
- 3a + 2b + c are coplanar, where a, b, c are
 OA = 5 i - j + k, OB = 7 i - 4 j + 7k non-coplanar vectors.
A: Let A, B, C, D be the given four points.
OC = i - 6 j + 10k, OD = - i - 3 j + 4k Let O be any origin.
NowAB = OB - OA = 2 i - 3 j + 6k  OA = -a + 4b - 3c, OB = 3a + 2b - 5c
| AB |= 4 + 9 + 36 = 7 OC = -3a + 8b - 5c,OD = -3a + 2b + c

 AB  OB  OA = 4a - 2b - 2c
BC = OC - OB = - 6 i - 2 j + 3k
AC  OC  OA = -2a + 4b - 2c
| BC |= 36 + 4 + 9 = 7
AD  OD  OA = -2a - 2b + 4c
CD  OD - OC = -2 i + 3 j - 6k
4 -2 -2
| CD |= 4 + 9 + 36 = 7 Now [ AB AC AD] = -2 4 -2 [a b c ]
-2 -2 4
DA = OA - OD = 6 i + 2j - 3k
= {4(16-4)+2(-8-4)-2(4+8)} [a b c ]
DA = 36 + 4 + 9 = 7
= (48 - 24 - 24) [a b c ]
 AB = BC = CD = DA
= 0 [a b c ]
AC = OC - OA = - 4 i - 5 j + 9k =0
| AC | = 16 + 25 + 81 = 122 Hence the given four points are coplanar.
BD == OD - OB = - 8 i + j - 3k
BD = 64 + 1+ 9 = 74
 AC  BD
4).
Hence the given points are the vertices of a rhombus.
a). If a = 2 i + j - k, b = - i + 2 j - 4k and
c = i + j + k , then find (axb). (bxc) .

A: (axb). (bxc) = (a.b) (b.c) - (a.c) (b.b)
= {(2 i + j - k).(- i + 2 j - 4k)} - {(- i + 2 j - 4k).( i + j + k)}

2
-{(2 i + j - k).( i + j + k)} {| b | }
= { -2 +2 + 4} {-1+ 2 - 4} - {2 +1 -1 }{1+ 4 + 16}
= 4(-3) - 2(21)
= - 12 - 42
= - 54.
Product of Vectors
i j k
b). a = i - 2 j + k , b = 2 i + j + k , c = i + 2 j - k ,
Consider b x c  1 1 1

find a x b x c and   a x b x c . 1 1 1
A: Given  i 1  1  j 1  1  k  1  1
a = i - 2 j + k, b = 2 i + j + k, c = i + 2 j - k  2 j  2k
 
a x b x c = (a.c)b - (a.b)c
i j k
Now a x b x c =  2 3 4
  i - 2 j + k  .  i + 2 j - k  b - 0 2 2
 i - 2 j + k  .  2 i + j + k  c  i   6  8   j  4  0   k  4  0 
 2 i  4 j  4k

= (1 - 4 - 1) 2 i + j + k  - (2 - 2 + 1)  i + 2 j - k  Now consider
= (-4)  2 i + j + k  - 1  i + 2 j - k    
a x b x c  .a  2 i  4 j  4k . 2 i  3 j  4k  
 
= -8 i - 4 j - 4k - i - 2 j + k = 4 + 12 - 16
= 16 - 16 = 0
= -9 i - 6 j - 3k

 a x b x c  .a  0 
 a x b  x c =  a.c  b - b . c  a
 
 a x b x c is perpendicular to a .
= (1 - 4 - 1) 2 i + j +k - (2 + 2 - Hence proved.

1) i - 2 j + k  d). I f a = i - 2j - 3k, b = 2i + j - k and c = i +3j - 2k ,
= -8 i - 4 j - 4k - 3 i + 6 j - 3k verify that a x b x c ≠ a x b x c .
(
)
(
A: Given ) :
= -11 i + 2 j - 7k
a = i - 2 j - 3k, b = 2 i + j - k and c = i + 3 j - 2k
 
 axb xc = 121+ 4 + 49 a x b x c = a . c b - a .b c
(
)
(
)
(
 174 = { i - 2 j - 3k).( i + 3 j - 2k)} (2 i + j - k)
- { i - 2 j - 3k).(2 i + j - k)} ( i + 3 j - 2k)
= {1(1)-2(3)-3(-2)} (2 i + j - k)
c).If a = 2 i + 3 j + 4k , b= i + j -k and = -{1(2)-2(1)-3(1)} ( i + 3 j - 2k)
c = i - j + k then compute a x b x c   and = (1-6+6) (2 i + j - k) -(2-2+3) ( i + 3 j - 2k)
verify that it is perpendicular to a . = 2 i + j - k - 3 i - 9 j + 6k
A: Given vectors are a  2 i  3 j  4k = - i - 8 j + 5k ..........(1)
b i  j k
c i  j k
Product of Vectors
a x b)x c = a . c b - b . c a
(
)
(
)
Maximum value of [ a b c ]
= {1(1)-2(3)-3(-2)} (2 i + j - k)
= maximum value of a.(bxc
)
= -{2(1) + 1(3) -1(-2)} ( i - 2 j - 3k)
= Max. of | a || b x c | cos(a,b x c)
= (1-6+6) (2 i + j - k) -(2+3+2) ( i - 2 j - 3k)
=1x 59 x 1  Max. of cos =1
= 2 i + j - k - 7 i +14 j + 21k
= 59 .
= 5 i +15 j + 20k .........(2)
From (1) and (2)
a x ( b x c)  (a x b) x c . c). If a, b, c are non zero vectors and a is
perpendicular to both b and c. If
4).
a). Find the area of the triangle with vertices 2
| a |= 2, | b |= 3, | c |= 4 and (b, c )  3 , then
A(1, 2, 3), B(2, 3, 1), C(3, 1, 2).
1 find | [a b c ] | .
A : Area of the triangle ABC  AB x AC where
A: Given
2
AB  i  j  2k and AC  2 i  j  k
| a |= 2, | b |= 3, | c |= 4
i j k ab&c
AB x AC  1 1 2  a || ( b x c)
2 1 1  a , b x c) = 0
0
(
Now | [ a b c ] | = | a .( b x c) |
 i ( 1  2)  j ( 1  4)  k( 1  2)
= | a | | bxc | cos (a , b x c)
 3 i  3 j  3k
0
 3 i  j k  = | a | | b | | c | sin ( b, c) cos 0
0
= 2 x3 x 4 x sin 120
3 3
 Required area = sq. units . = 24 x 23
2
= 12 3.
b). Let b = 2 i + j - k, c = i + 3k . If a is a unit
vector, then find the maximum value of
[ a b c ].
A: Given : a is a unit vector
b = 2 i + j - k, c = i + 3k
i j k
bxc = 2 1 -1
1 0 3
= i(3 - 0) - j(6 +1) + k(0 - 1)
= 3 i - 7j - k
| b x c |= 9+49+1
= 59 .
Product of Vectors
MATHEMATICS - IA AIMSTUTORIAL
1. If A+B = 450, then prove that tan  A  B   tan B  A 

i) (1+tan A) (1+tan B) = 2 1  tan  A  B   tan B  A 
ii) (cot A -1) (cot B -1) = 2
A: Given: A+B = 450 24 3

i) applying Tan on bothsides,
 7 4
tan(A+B) = tan 450 24  3 
1
tan A + tan B 7  4 
=1
1 - tan A tan B
96  21
 tanA + tanB = 1-tanA tanB 
28  72
 tanA + tanB + tanA tanB =1
75
adding 1 on bothsides, 
100
 1+tanA + tanB (1+tanA) = 1+1
3
 (1+ tanA) (1+ tanB) = 2  .
4
ii) Also A+B = 450 tanθ + secθ - 1 1+ sinθ
3. Prove that =
 cot(A+B) = cot45 0
tanθ - secθ + 1 cosθ
cotA cotB-1 = 1 tanθ  sec θ  1
cotB + cotA A:
tanθ  sec θ  1
 cotA cotB -1 = cotB + cotA


tan θ  sec θ  sec 2 θ  tan2 θ 
 cotA cotB - cotB - cotA =1
tan θ  sec θ  1
adding 1 on bothsides,
 tan θ  sec θ  1  sec θ  tan θ 
 cotAcotB-cotB - cotA+1 = 1+1 
tanθ  sec θ  1
 cotB(cotA-1) -1(cotA-1) = 2
= sec + tan
 (cotA -1) (cotB-1) =2. 1 sinθ
 
cos θ cos θ
 , sin (A+B) = 24 , cos(A-B)= 4 ,
2. If 0 < A < B < 4 25 5 1  sinθ
 .
find tan2A. cos θ
 , sin (A+B) = 24 , cos(A-
A: Given 0 < A < B < 4 25 π
4. If A + B + C = , then show that
2
B)= 4
5 cotA + cotB + cotC = cotA cotB CotC.
π
A: Given A + B + C =
2
π 
cot  A  B   cot   C 
2 
cot A cot B  1 1
 tanC 
tan(A+B) = 24 tan (B-A) = 3 cot A  cot B cot C
7 4
Now tan2A = tan ( A+B + A-B )  cot A cot B cot C  cot C  cot B  cot C
tan  A  B   B  A   cotA cotB cotC = cotA + cotB + cotC.
Q.NO: 14 Trigonometric Ratios

4 2
5. If cosx + cosy = and cosx - cosy = , find 7. If A+B, A are acute angles such that
5 7
24 3
x-y x+y sin(A+B)=
25
, tanA= 4 , find cosB.
the value of 14tan   + 5cot  .
 2   2 
4 2 25
24
5
3
A: Given cosx + cosy = and cosx - cosy = .
5 7 A+B A
cos x  cos y  4 / 5  7 4
 
cos x  cos y  2 / 7  A: Given that A+B, A are acutre angles and
xy xy 24 3
sin(A+B)= 25 , tanA = 4
2 cos   cos  
  2   2   4 x 7  14 7 3 4
xy xy 5 2 5 . cos(A+B)= 25 , sinA = 5 , cosA = 5
 2 sin   sin  
 2   2  Now cosB = cos ( A+B - A)
xy xy
 5 cot     14 tan  2  = cos(A+B) cosA +sin(A+B) sinA
 2   
7 4 24 3
xy xy = 25 . 5  25 . 5
 14 tan    5cot  2   0.
 2    28+72
=
125
6. If a, b, c are non zero real numbers and ,  100
=
125
are the solutions of the equation acos + bsin
4
= c, then show that  cosB = 5
2bc
(i) sin + sin = and
a + b2
2
 cos B+C
)
8. If A+B+C = 2 , prove that  =2.
c 2 - a2 cosB cosC
(ii) sin sin = 2 .
a + b2 
A: Given A+B+C = 2
A: Given acos + bsin = c

acos = c - bsin .  A+B = 2 - C
squaring on both sides,

a2 cos2 = c2 - 2bc sin + b2 sin2  tan(A+B) = tan ( 2 -C)
a2 (1 - sin2 )= c2 - 2bc sin + b2 sin2 tan A + tan B 1
 = cotC =
a2 (1 - sin2 ) = c2 - 2bc sin + b2 sin2 1 - tan A tan B tan C
(a2 + b2) sin2  - 2bc sin + (c2 - b2) = 0.  tanA tanC + tanB tanC = 1-tanA tanB
This is a quadratic equation in sin.
 tanA tanB + tanB tanC + tanC tanA =1.....(1)
Roots are sin, sin.
cos B+C
(
sum of the roots sin + sin. Now 

cosB cosC
2bc co sB cosC - sin B sin C
 . = 
a  b2
2 cosB co sC
Product of the roots sin sin. =  (1 - tanB tanC)
c 2  a2 = 1-tanB tanC+1 - tanCtanA + 1-tanA tanB

= .
a2  b 2 = 3-(tanAtanB + tanBtanC + tanCtanA)
= 3 -1 from (1)
= 2.

9. If cos( - ), cos, cos( + ) are in H.P, then 11. Prove that
prove that cos2 = 1+cos. sin
4  + sin 4 3  + s in 4 5  + sin 4 7  = 3 .
A: Given:cos( - ), cos, cos( + ) are in H.P 8 8 8 8 2
 2 11
b a c if a, b, c are in H.P
A: Now, sin  + sin 3  + sin 5  + sin 7 
4 4 4 4
2 1 1 8 8 8 8
 cos  cos(  -  )  cos(  +  )
2 cos(  +  )+cos(  -  )
 cos  cos(  -  ) cos(  +  )  
= sin  + sin    + sin    + sin   
4
8
4
2 8
4
2 8
4
8    
2 2 coscos
 cos  cos2- sin2  sin4 8 + cos 4 8 + cos 4 8 + sin4 8
 2  sin  + cos  
4 4
 cos2 - sin2 = cos2 cos
 8 8
 cos2 - cos2 cos = sin2

  +  cos 8  
2 2
 cos2 (1-cos) = 1-cos2  2  sin2 8 2
 cos2 (1-cos) = (1+cos) (1-cos) 

 cos2 = 1+cos.

  
2
= 2  sin2 π
8
+ cos π
2
8
- 2sin π cos π 
2
8
2
8
10.Prove that  
 π  3π  7π 9π  1
1+cos101+cos 10 1+cos 10 1+cos 10  = 16 . = 2 1- 2sin2 π cos π 
2
      8 8
 π  3π   7π   9π 
 1  cos 10   1  cos 10   1  cos 10   1  cos 10 

= 2 1- 21 2sin π 
2
     cos π
 8 8 
 π 3π  10π3π 10ππ
 1cos 1cos  1cos    = 2 1- 21 sin2 π  2sinθcosθ = sin2θ
 10 10   10   10   8
3π   3π  π 


π
 1cos 1cos  1cosπ 1cosπ 
10 10   10   10
= 2 1- 21 1
  2 
= 2 1- 41 
 cos  π  θ    cos θ
 π  3π   3π   π
=2  34 
 1  cos  1  cos  1 cos  1  cos 
 10   10   10   10  =3.
2
 π  3π 
 1  cos2  1  cos2
 10   10 
π 3π
 sin2 sin2  sin2 180 sin2 540.
10 10
 sin2 18 cos2 360.
2 2
 5  1

 5  1  5  1 2
 4    
   4  16 16 
16 1
 
16 16  1 6  .
n n 2.2.2
 cosA + cosB   sinA + sinB  = sin 2A cos 2A cos 4A cos 8A
12.   +  = 24 sinA
 sinA - sinB   cosA - cosB  2.2
= sin 4A cos4A cos 8A
24 sinA
 nA -B
2cot   2 sin 8 A co s 8 A
=  2  , if n is even. =
0, if n is odd 2 4 sin A

sin16A
n n = = RHS.
 cos A  cosB   sin A  sinB  16 sinA
A:    
 sin A  sinB   cos A  cosB  5 -1
14.Prove that sin 180 = .
n n 4
  A  B   A  B    A  B  A  B  
2cos 2 cos 2   2sin 2 cos 2   A: Put A = 18
0
             5A = 900
  A  B  A  B     A  B   A  B 
 2cos 2 sin 2   2cos 2  sin 2  2A + 3A = 900
   
2A = 900 - 3A
 A B  A B
  1 cot n 
n
 cot n sin 2A = sin(900 - 3A)
 
 2   2  sin 2A = cos 3A
 n  A B n  A B 2 sin A cos A= 4 cos3 A - 3 cos A
cot  2   cot  2  if n is even
     divide with cos A, since cos 180 0
 2 sin A = 4 cos2 A - 3
=   A B  A B
cotn    cot n   if n is odd 2 sin A = 4(1 - sin2 A) - 3
  2   2 
4 sin2 A + 2 sin A - 1 = 0.
 n  A B
2cot   , if n is even . The is a quadratic in sin A,
  2 
 0, if n is odd 2
 sin A = -b  b -4ac
2a
12. Prove that cosA cos(60 0+A) cos(60 0-A) = -2  4 + 16
sin A =
1 2(4)
4 cos3A.
-2  2 5
A: Now cosA cos(600 +A) cos(600-A) =
2(4)
= [cos2A - sin2 600]
 cos(A+B) cos(A-B)=cos2B-sin2A -1  5
=
3 4
= cosA[cos2A - 3 ]  sin600 = 2
4 5 -1
 4cos2A-3  since sin 180 > 0, sin 180 = .
= cosA  4
 4 
= 41 [4cos3A - 3cosA]
= 41 cos 3A.
13. If A is not an integral multiple of , Prove that

sin16A
cos A cos 2A cos 4A cos 8A = .
16sinA
A: Multiply & Divide LHS by 2 sin A
4
24 sinA
cosA cos 2A cos 4A cos 8A
24 sinA

1. Solve: 2cos2 - 3 sin + 1 = 0
3. Find the general solution for the trigonometric
A: Given trigonometric equation is equation sin7 + sin4 + sin = 0.
2cos2 - 3 sin +1 = 0 A: Given trigonometric equation is
 2(1-sin ) - 2
3 sin + 1 = 0 sin7 + sin4 + sin = 0
 2 - 2sin  - 2
3 sin +1 = 0 (sin7 + sin) + sin4 = 0
 2sin  +
2
3 sin - 3 = 0 2sin4 cos3 + sin4 = 0
 2 sin  + 2 3 sin - 3 sin - 3 = 0
2
sin4 (2cos3 +1) = 0
 2sin (sin+ 3 )- 3 (sin+ 3 )=0 sin4 = 0 2cos3 +1 = 0
 (2sin - 3 ) (sin + 3 ) = 0
sin4 = 0 cos3 = -1 2
2 = cos 3
 2sin - 3 =0 sin + 3 =0
3 = 2n + 23 , nZ
 sin = 3
General solution is
sin = - 3 which is impossible
2

 sin = sin 3 4 = n, n  Z  = 2n  2
3 + 9 , nZ
General solution is  = n + (-1)n   = n4 , n  Z.
 = n + (-1)n 3 , n  Z.
4. Find the solution set of tan + 3cot = 5sec.
π
2. Solve : cot2x - ( 3 + 1)cot x + 3 = 0 in 0 < x < 2 .
A: Given trigonometric equation is
A: Given trigonometric equation is tan + 3cot = 5sec
cot x - ( 3 + 1) cot x + 3 =0 sin 3cos 5
2
cos  sin  cos

 cot x -
2
3 cot x - cot x + 3 =0
This is valid when cos  0 and sin  0
 cot x (cot x - 3 ) -1 (cot x - 3)=0
sin23cos2  5
 (cot x -1) (cot x - 3)=0 cos cos
 sin2 + 3(1-sin2) = 5sin
cot x -1 = 0 cot x = 3
1  sin2 + 3 - 3 sin2 = 5sin
cot x = 1 tanx = 3
 2sin2 + 5sin - 3 = 0
tanx = 1
 2sin2 + 6sin - sin - 3 = 0
π
tanx = tan π
4 tanx = tan 6  (2sin -1) (sin + 3) = 0
π
General solution is x = n + 4 , n  Z and  2sin -1 = 0 sin + 3 = 0
π 1 =sin 
sin = 2 sin = -3 is impossible
x = n + 6 , n  Z. 6

General solution is  = n + (-1)n 6 , n Z.
π π
Required solutions in 0 < x < 2 are 6 , π
4. Hence, the required solution set is

{ n + (-1)n 6 : n  Z }
Q.NO : 15 Trigonometric Equations

5. Solve: 1 + sin  = 3sin cos.
2
7. Solve: 4sinx sin2x sin4x = sin3x

1 + sin2 = 3sin cos A: Given trigonometric equation is

dividing throughout by cos2, 4sinx sin2x sin4x = sin3x
 2sinx (2sin4x sin2x) = sin3x
1 + sin2 = 3sincos  2sinx [cos(4x-2x) -cos(4x+2x)] = sin3x
cos2 cos2 cos2 2sinA sinB = cos (A-B) - cos(A+B)
 sec2 + tan2 = 3tan  2sinx [cos2x - cos6x] = sin3x
 1+tan2 + tan2 = 3tan  2cos2x sinx - 2cos6xsinx = sin3x
 sin3x + sinx - 2cos6x sinx = sin3x
 2tan2 - 3tan +1 = 0
 2cos6x sinx - sinx = 0
 2tan2 - 2tan - tan + 1 = 0  sinx (2cos6x -1) = 0
 2tan (tan -1) - (tan -1) = 0
 (tan -1) (2tan  -1) = 0 sinx = 0 2cos6x -1 = 0
 tan -1 = 0 2tan-1 = 0 1 =cos 
cos6x = 2 3
 
tan =1 = tan 4 tan = 21 =tan
General solution is
1
where = tan-1 2 
x = n, n Z 6x = 2n + 3
General solution is
n 
x = 3 + 9 , n  Z.
 = n + 4 , n Z; = n + Tan-1 21 , nZ.
8. Find the solution set for sin2x-cos2x = sinx -cosx

6. Solve : 2 (sinx + cosx) = 3.
A: Given trigonometric equation is sin2x - cos2x = sinx - cosx
 sin 2x - sinx - (cos2x - cosx) = 0
2 (sinx + cosx) = 3
 2cos 3x x 3x x
 sinx + cosx =
3 2 sin 2 +2sin 2 sin 2 = 0
2
 x [cos 3x + sin 3x ] = 0
2sin 2
2 2 2 2
dividing throughout by a +b  2
1 1  x =0
sin 2 sin 3x 3x
 sinx 2 + cosx. 2 = 3 2 +cos 2 =0
2
  + cosx cos  = 3
sinx sin 4 sin 3x 3x
2 =-cos 2
4 2
 ) = cos  General solution is
 cos (x - 4 6
General solution is
x
2 = n, nZ  Tan 3x 
2 =-1=Tan 4  
 = 2n + 
x- 4
 x = 2n, nZ 3x = n + 
2 4  
6
 x = 2n  -  , nZ.
3 6
  , n  Z.
x = 2n + 6 + 4
 Solution set for the given equation is
{2n : nZ}  { 2n  -  : nZ}.
3 6

9. If tan( cos ) = cot ( sin ), then prove that 11. If  1, 2 are the solutions of the equation
 
cos θ- 4 =+ 1 .
2 2
acos2 + bsin2 = c, then find the values of
i) tan1 + tan2 ii) tan1 tan2
A: Given trigonometric equation is A: Given equation is acos2 + bsin2 = c
tan ( cos  ) = cot ( sin )
 tan ( cos  ) = tan (  - sin  )
2
  2
a 1-tan 
1+tan2
+  b 2tan
1+tan2
=c 
General solution is  a(1-tan2) + 2btan = c(1+tan2)
 - sin
 cos  = n + 2  (c + a) tan2 - 2b tan + (c - a) = 0
1
cos + sin = n + 2 This is a quadratic equation in tan and 1, 2 are
cos + sin = 2n+1
2   the solutions of the given equation.
dividing throughout by 2 , sum of the roots tan1 + tan2 = c2b
+a
cos 1  sin 1  2n+1
2 2 2 2 c-a
Product of the roots tan1 tan2 = c + a .
coscos 4  sinsin 4  2n+1
 
2 2
 2n+1 12. Find the values of x in (-, ) satisfying the
cos   4 )  ,n  Z
(
2 2 equation 81+ cos x + cos2x + ...........  = 64 .

 1
 cos   4 ) = + 2 2 for n = -1, 0.
(
A: Given that 81 + cosx + cos2 x + ....... = 82

1

10. If ,  are the solutions of the equation 8 1 cos x = 82
acos + bsin = c, then show that 1
2ac c 2 - b2
 2
i) cos + cos = 2 2 ii) cos cos = 2 2 1  cos x
a +b a +b 1
 1  cos x 
A: Given equation is 2
acos + bsin = c 1    
bsin = c - acos  cos x   cos  cos  
2 3  3 
Squaring on bothsides,
b2 sin2 = c2 - 2ca cos + a2 cos2    
In (-, ), x   , .
3 3 
b2 (1 - cos2) = c2 -2ca cos + a2cos2
(a2 + b2)cos2 - 2ca cos + (c2 - b2) = 0 ........(1)

Since , are solutions of the given equation and
(1) is a quadratic in cos, thus

2ca
Sum of the roots, cos + cos =
a2 b2
c 2 b2
Product of the roots, cos cos = .
a2 b2

13.Solve the equation 3 sin - cos = 2
 3
2
A: Dividing through out by + (-1)2 = 2
3 1 2
sin - cos =
2 2 2
  3
sincos - cos sin =
6 6 2
 3 
sin ( - )= = sin
6 2 3
 
Principal value is  - =
6 3
General solution is  = n + (-1)n
 
- = n + (-1)n
6 3
 
 = n + (-1)n + , n  Z.
3 6
14.Solve tan + sec = 3 0 <  < 2.

sin 1
A: + = 3
cos cos
sin + 1 = 3 cos 
3 cos - sin = 1
dividing throughout by
3 1 1
cos  - sin  =
2 2 2
  1
cos cos - sin sin =
6 6 2
cos ( + /6) = cos /3
PV  + /6 = /3
GS  = 2n ± 
 + /6 = 2n ± /3
 = 2n + /3 - /6
n = 0,  = /3 - /6 = /6
n = 1,  = 2 /3 - /6
= 3/2 but tan is not defined at  = 3/2

 solution set =  6  .
 

MATHEMATICS -1A AIMSTUTORIAL.IN
3 +cos-1 12 = cos-1 33 .
1. Prove that sin-1 5 4  3  -1  27 
13 65 3. Prove that cos-1   + sin-1 
 = Tan   .
A: Here we use the result 5  34   11 
1  4  1  3 
cos-1x + cos-1y = cos-1 [xy - 1 - x2 1 - y2 ] A: Let cos    A and sin  B
5  34 
Now sin-1 3 -1 12
5 + cos 13
4 3
4  cos-1 12
-1  cos A  and sinB 
= cos 5
13 5 34
 cos  5
-1 4 12
 13  
 1 - 16 1 - 144 
25 169 
tan A 
3
4
and tanB 
3
5
 cos
-1  4  12   3  5 
 5 13 5 13 
tan A  tanB
 cos  48  15 
-1
 65 65  Now tan(A  B) 
1  tan A  tanB
 cos 33
-1
65 3 3

 4 5
3 3
2. Prove that 1 .
4 5
4  7   117 
sin -1   + sin -1   = sin -1  .  15  12 
5  25   125   
20 
4  7  
Let sin1    A and sin1    B  20  9 
5  25   
 20 
4 7 27
 sin A  and sinB  
5 25 11
3 24  27 
cos A  and cosB   A  B  Tan1  
5 25  11 
Now sin(A + B) = sinA cosB + cosA sinB
4  3  1  27 
 4   24   3   7  cos1    sin1    Tan  
        5  34   11 
 5   25   5   25 
96  21

125
117

125
 117 
 A  B  sin1  
 125 
4  7   117 
sin1    sin1    sin1  
5  25   125 
InverseTrigonometric Functions 1
 2
 3 5  RHS  sin Tan1 
7. Find the value of tan sin -1 + cos -1  3
5 .
 34   sinB
3 5 2
Let sin1  A and cos1 B 
5 34 3
 LHS  RHS
3 5  13   1 2 
 sin A  and cosB  Thus cot sin1   sin Tan
5 34  17   3 
4 +2tan-1 1 =  .
2. Show that sin-1 5
3 3 3 2
tan A  and tanB  .
4 5 4 + 2tan-1 1
A: Now sin-1 5
 1 3 5  3 1 - x2
 tan  sin  cos 1   2tan x  cos
-1 -1
 5 34  1 + x2
 tan  A  B  1- 1
= sin 4-1
 cos
-1 9
5 1+ 1
tan A  tanB 9

1  tan A tanB
= sin 4  cos 8
-1 -1
3 3 5 10

 4 5  sin 4  cos 4
-1 -1
3 3 5 5
1 .
 sin x  cos x  
-1 -1
4 5
2
 15  12 
   .
20 

2
 20  9  1  = sin  4tan -1 1 
9. Provethat cos  2tan
-1
 
 20  7  3 .
27 1 = and tan-1 1 =
 . A: Let tan-1 7 3
11
 tan   71 and tan   1
3
 -1 13   -1 2 
8. Show that cot sin  = sin Tan .
 17   3  LHS  cos  2 tan
-1 1
1 13 2  7
A: Let sin  A and Tan1  B
17 3   cos2 
1 -tan2
13 2  
 sin A  and tanB  1 +tan2
17 3
1- 1
49
  1 + 1
49
48
  50
 13 
LHS  cot sin1    24
 17  25 
 cot A
2

13
323
2. 1 
tan2  
2tan 
= 3 =2 9 = 3
1 - tan2 1 - 1 3 8 4  325
323
9  2A  B  cos1
325
RHS  sin  4tan
-1 1
 3 3
Thus 2 sin1  cos1
5 323
 cos1 .
= sin 4β 5 13 325
= sin 2(2β)
11. Prove that ta n -1 1 + t an
-1 1 + t an -1 1 = π .
2tan2 2 5 8 4

1 +tan 2  2   A: We use the formula
2  3  x+y
tan-1 x + tan-1 y = tan-1  1 - xy 
  49  
1+
  + tan
16
Now tan 1 + tan 5
-1 -1 1 -1 1
 3  16 2 8
2 25
 24  21+ 51  -1 1
25 -1
= tan  1 - 1 . 1  + tan 8
 LHS = RHS  2 5
1   sin  4tan -1 1  .
cos  2tan
 107 x 109  + tan
-1
 -1 -1 1
 7  3 = tan
8
= tan 7 + tan 1
-1 -1
3 5 323 9 8
10.Prove that 2sin-1 - cos -1 = cos -1 .
5 13 325  7 1
+
-1  9 8 
= tan
3
A: Let sin1
5 1 - 7. 1
 A and cos1  B. 98
5 13
3
 sin A  and cosB 
5
5
13
= tan
-1
 56+9
72-7 
12
= tan 65
-1
sin 2A  2 sin A cos A and sinB  65
13
3 4
 2. . = tan 1
-1
5 5

24 =π
4.
25
7
 cos 2A 
25
Now cos  2A  B 
 cos 2A cosB  sin 2A sinB
 7   5   24   12 
       
 25   13   25   13 
35  288

325
12. If sin-1x + sin -1 y + sin-1 z = , then prove that


14.If tan-1x + tan-1y + tan-1z = 2 , then prove that
x 1 - x 2 + y 1 - y 2 + z 1 - z 2 = 2xyz .
xy + yz + zx =1.
A: Let sin-1x = A, sin-1y = B, sin-1 z = C 
A: Given: tan-1x + tan-1y + tan-1z = 2
 sinA = x, sinB = y, sinC = z

cosA = 2  tan-1x + tan-1y = 2 - tan-1 z
1 - x 2 , cosB= 1 - y , c osC
x+y 
= 1 - z2  tan-1 1 - xy = 2 - tan-1 z
Now sin-1x + sin-1y + sin-1z =  becomes x+y 
 1 - xy = tan( 2 -tan z)
-1
A+B+C=
consider (sin2A + sin2B) + sin2C x+y
 1 - xy =cot(tan z)
-1
= 2sin(A+B) cos(A-B) + sin2C
= 2sin( - C) cos (A-B) + 2sinC cosC x+y -1 1
= 2sinC[cos(A-B) + cosC]  1 - xy =cot (cot z )
= 2sinC[cos(A-B) + cos{ - (A+B)}] x+y 1
= 2sinC [cos(A-B) - cos(A+B)]  1- xy = z
= 2sinC. 2sinA sinB  xz + yz = 1 - xy
 sin2A + sin2B + sin2C = 4sinA sinB sinC
 2sinA cosA + 2sinBcosB + 2sinCcosC = 4sinA  xy + yz + zx =1.
sinB sinC
 sinAcosA+sinBcosB+sinCcosC=2sinAsinBsinC
 x 1 - x 2 + y 1 - y 2 + z 1 - z2 = 2xyz .
13. If cos-1p + cos-1q + cos-1r = , then prove that 15. Solve: tan
-1 x - 1 + t an -1 x + 1 =  .
x-2 x+2 4
p2+q2+r2 + 2pqr =1.
A: Given: tan x - 1 + tan -1 x + 1 = 
-1
x -x2- 1 x + 1x + 2 4
A: Given cos p + cos q + cos r = 
-1 -1 -1

x-2 x+2  
-1
 tan
 cos-1p + cos-1q =  - cos-1r  
1- x - 1 x + 1
x-2 x+2
4

cos-1 pq - 1 - p 1 -q  = - cos-1 r  x +x-2+ x -x-2
2 2
 tan  = 1
2 2
  
x2 -4- x2 +1 4
 pq - 1 - p2 1 -q2 = cos ( - cos r)
-1
2 x2 - 2
(
 =1
= -cos (cos-1 r) -3
 x - 2 = -3
= -r 2
2
 pq + r = 1 - p2 1 -q2
 x =2- 3  1
2
2 2
Squaring on bothsides, we get
x 1 .
 (pq + r)2 = (1-p2) (1-q2) 2
 p2q2 + 2pqr + r2 = 1-p2-q2+p2 q2
 p2 + q2 + r2 + 2pqr =1.
18. If cos
-1
 pa +cos  bq = α , then prove that
-1
16. Solve tan

-1
 2x1+1 + tan  4x1+1 = tan  x2  .
-1 -1
2
p 2 2pq q2 2
A: Given equation is - cos  + 2 = sin 
a 2 ab b .
tan
-1
 2x1+ 1 + tan  4x1+ 1 = tan  x2 
-1 -1
2 A: Given: cos
-1
 pa  + cos  bq  = 
-1
 2x1+ 1 4x1+ 1  p q 
 1 - 1 . 1   tan x22 p2 q2
-1 -1
 tan  cos -1  a . b  1-
2
1-
2 
 2x + 1 4x + 1   a b 
 tan
-1
 4x+1+2x+1
8x +6x+1-1
2 = tan
-1 2
x2 pq
 ab 
 p 2   q2 
1 -  1 -   cos
 a2   b 2 
  
 6x+2  22
28x +6x x
pq p2 q2 p 2q2
 3x+1  12 .
 ab  cos  1
2
  S.O.B
28x +6x x a b 2 a2b2
 3x3 + x2= 8x2 + 6x

p2q2 2pq 2 p2 q2 p2q2
 cos cos  = 1  2  2  2 2
3x3 - 7x2 - 6x = 0 ab
2 2 ab a b ab
 p2  q2  2pq
2 2
2
 x [3x2 - 7x - 6] = 0 3x2 - 7x - 6 cos = 1- cos 
a ab b
 x (x - 3) (3x + 2) = 0 = 3x2 - 9x + 2x - 6 p2 2pq q2 2
  cos  2  sin 
a2 ab b
 x = 0, 3, -2
3 = 3x(x-3)+2(x-3)
= (x-3) (3x+2) -1 4 5 16 π
19.Prove that sin + sin-1 + sin -1 = .
5 13 65 2
17. Solve:
1 4 5
A: Let sin A and sin1 B
 1+2xx  - 4cos  11+- xx  +2tan  12x- x  = π3

2 5 13
-1 -1 -1
3sin 2 2 2 .
4 5
A: Given that sin A  and sin B 
5 13
3sin
-1
 1+2xx  2 - 4cos
-1
 11+- xx 
2
2 + 2tan
-1
 12x- x  = 3
2
 cos A 
3
cos B 
12
5 13

 3(2tan-1x) -4(2tan-1x) +2(2tan-1x) = 3 cos(A + B) = cosA cosB - sinA sinB
 3 12 4 5 16
 6tan-1x - 8tan-1x + 4tan-1x = 3 x  x 
5 13 5 13 65

 2tan-1 x = 3
16
 A  B  cos1
 tan x = 6
-1
65
 4 5 16
 x = tan 6  sin1  sin1  cos1
5 13 65
1
 x= 3
. -1 4 5 16
Thus sin + sin -1 + sin -1 .
5 13 65
16 16 
 co s  1  sin  1 
65 65 2
AIMSTUTORIAL.IN
C s2
1 1 1 1 a 2 + b2 + c 2
A B
1. Prove that cot + cot + cot = 3. Show that r 2 + r 2 + r 2 + r 2 = Δ2 .
2 2 2 Δ 1 2 3
s s-a s s -b s s -c
(
)
(
)
(
)
A: LHS = + + A: We know that r =  Δ Δ Δ
Δ Δ Δ s , r1 = s-a , r2 = s-b , r3 = s-c .
s 1 + 1 + 1 + 1
= [s - a + s - b + s - c] Now r 2 r 2 r 2 r 2
Δ 1 2 3
s
= [3s - (a + b + c)] s-a 2 s-b 2 s-c 2
 s 
2
)
(
)
(
)
Δ  
Δ2 Δ2 Δ2 Δ2
s
= [3s - 2s] 1
Δ = [s2 + (s-a)2 + (s-b)2 + (s-c)2]
Δ2
s 1
= .s = [s2+s2 -2as+a2 +s2 -2bs+b2 +s2 - 2cs+c2]
Δ Δ2
s2 1
= = RHS = [4s2 - 2s (a +b+c)+a2+b2+c2]
Δ Δ2
1
= [4s2 -2s(2s) + a2+b2+c2]
Δ2
2. Show that a2 + b2 + c 2
= .
Δ2
cotA+cotB+ cotC  a + b 2 + c
2 2
4  .
Now cotA + cotB + cotC 4. Show that

cos A cos B cos C a 2 + b2 + c 2
+ + = .
 cosA + cosB + cosC a b c 2abc
sinA sinB sinC
cos A cos B cos C
A: + +
b2 +c2 - a2 c2 +a2 - b2 a2 +b2 - c2 a b c
= + +
2bc sinA 2ca sinB 2bc sinC b 2 + c 2 - a2 c 2 + a2 - b 2 a 2 + b2 - c 2
= + +
2abc 2cab 2cab
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
= b +c - a + c +a - b + a +b - c
4Δ 4Δ 4Δ
b 2 + c 2 - a 2 + c 2 + a 2 - b 2 + a 2 + b2 - c 2
=
2abc
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
= b +c - a + c +a - b +a +b - c
4Δ a2 + b2 + c 2
= .
2abc
 a 2 +b 2 + c 2
.
4 
1
Properties of Triangles
AIMSTUTORIAL.IN
5. If a = (b - c) sec, prove that tan = 2 bc sin A

2.
b-c s(s  a)
A: Given a = (b - c) sec 4
b  c 
2
 secθ = a
b-c
bc s(s  a)
4 .
b  c 
2 2 2
 tan θ = sec θ - 1 bc
= a2 -1
(b - c)2 2 bc s(s  a)
cos θ 
bc bc
a2 - (b - c)2
=
(b - c)2 bc A
2 cos
(a+b-c) (a-b+c) bc 2
=
(b - c)2
7.In ABC, if cot A B C
2 : cot 2 : cot 2 = 3 : 5 : 7,
2(s-c) 2(s-b)
= show that a : b : c = 6 : 5 : 4.
(b - c)2
A: Given cot A B C
(s-b)(s-c) 2 : cot 2 : cot 2 = 3 : 5 : 7
= 4bc 2
(b - c) bc s s-a s s-b s s-c
)
(
)
(
)
 : : =3:5:7
  
 tan θ = 4bc 2 sin A
2 2
(b - c) 2  s-a : s-b : s-c = 3 : 5 : 7
2 bc sin A Let k be the proportionality constant

2
 tanθ =
(b - c)
a  s-a = 3k, s-b = 5k, s-c = 7k

6. If sinθ = , then show that
b+c on addition, we get
2 bc A s-a + s-b + s-c = 3k+5k+7k
cosθ = cos .
b+c 2
 3s-(a+b+c) = 15k
a
A: Given sin θ   3s -2s = 15k
bc
Now cos2= 1 - sin2  s = 15k
s-a = 3k  a = 12k
a2
 1 s-b = 5k  b = 10k
b  c 
2
s-c = 7k  c = 8k
b  c   a2
2
 a : b : c = 12k : 10k : 8k

b  c 
2
= 12 : 10 : 8

b  c  a b  c  a  =6:5:4
b  c 
2
2s(2s  2a)

b  c 
2
2
AIMSTUTORIAL.IN
8.In DABC, if a : b : c = 7 : 8 : 9, then

find cosA : cosB : cosC.
10. In ABC, prove that Tan  B 2- C  = bb +- cc cot A2 .
A: Given that a : b : c = 7 : 8 : 9 A: In ABC, from sine rule,
Let k be the proportionality constant b = 2R sinB, C = 2R sinC.
a = 7k, b = 8k, c = 9k.
2 R ( s in B - s in C )
Now cos A : cos B : cos C H e re b - c =
b + c 2 R ( s in B + s in C )
b 2  c 2  a2 c 2  a 2  b 2 a 2  b2  c 2
= : : = s in B - s in C
s in B + s in C
2bc 2ca 2ab
  
2 c o s B + C s in B - C 
64k 2  81k 2  49k2 81k 2  49k 2  64k 2 =
2 2
 :   
2 s in B + C c o s B - C
2 2 
2(8k)(9k) 2(9k)(7k)
49k 2  64k 2  81k 2 = cot  B +2 C  T a n  B 2- C 
:
2(7k)(8k)
96k 2 66k 2 32k 2 = Tan A Tan
2  B 2- C   cot  B +2 C  = T a n A
2
 : :
144k 2 126k 2 112k 2
 Tan  B 2- C  = b -c c o t A .
b+c 2
2 11 2
 : :
3 21 7 .
 14 : 11: 6
9. If r : R : r1 = 2 : 5 : 12, then prove that the

triangle is right angled at A. 11. Show that r + r3 + r1 - r2 = 4R cosB.
A: Given : r : R : r1 = 2 : 5 : 12 A: In ABC, r + r3 + r1 - r2
 r = 2k, R = 5k, r1 = 12k for some kR = (r3 + r1) - (r2 - r)
Now r1 - r = 12k - 2k = 10k = 2(5k) = 2R =[4R cos A B C A B C
 r1 - r = 2R 2 cos 2 sin 2 +4Rsin 2 cos 2 cos 2 ]
C C - [4Rcos A B C A B C
 4R sin A B A B
2 cos 2 cos 2 - 4R sin 2 sin 2 sin 2 =2R 2 sin 2 cos 2 -4Rsin 2 sin 2 sin 2 ]
C C = 4Rcos B C A A C
 4R sin A B B
2 [cos 2 cos 2 - sin 2 sin 2 ] = 2R 2 [sin 2 cos 2 +sin 2 cos 2 ]
- 4Rsin B A C A C
 4R sin A
2

B+C 

cos 2  = 2R 2 [cos 2 +cos 2 -sin 2 sin 2 ]
 sin2 A 1
2 = 2
= 4Rcos B
2 sin  C+A
2  -4Rsin 2 cos  2 
B C+A
 sin A
1 = 4Rcos B B B B
2 cos 2 -4Rsin 2 sin 2
2 = 2
 A = 4R[cos2 B 2B
2 - sin 2 ]
2 = 45
0
 A = 900 = 4R cosB.
Hence the triangle is right angled at A.
3
AIMSTUTORIAL.IN
12. In ABC. show that

b 2 - c 2 sin B - C 
(b-c)2 cos2 A 2 A 14. In ABC, show that =
2 +(b+c) sin 2 = a . sin B + C  .
2 2
a2
In ABC, (b-c)2 cos2 A 2 A
2 + (b+c) sin 2
2
b2  c 2
A: In ABC,
a2
= (b2 + c2 -2bc) cos2 A 2 A
2 + (b + c + 2bc)sin 2
2 2
 2R sinB    2R sin C 
2 2
= (b + c ) [cos A
2 2 2 A 2 A
2 + sin 2 ] -2bc [cos 2 -
2 
 2R sin A 
2
sin2 A
2]
= b + c -2bc cosA
2 2


4R 2 sin2 B  sin2 C 
2 2
= a2 4R sin A
 (b - c)2 cos2 A 2 A
2 + (b+c) sin 2 = a .
2 2 sin A  sin 1800  B  C  
sin B  C  sin B  C 

sin2 B  C 
1 + 1 = 3
13. If a + c b + c a + b + c , show that C = 60 .
0
sin B  C 

1 + 1 = 3 sin B  C 
A: In ABC a + c b +c a+b+c
 sin B  C 
 b+c +a+c  3
a + c b+ c a + b + c
(
)
(
15. If A, A1, A2, A3 are the areas of incircle and


 a +b + 2c  a+b + c  = 3(a + c)(b +c) excircles of a triangle respectively, then prove
2 2 2 1 + 1 + 1 = 1
 a +b + 2ab + 3ac + 3bc + 2c that A A
1 A A . 2 3
2
 3ab + 3ac + 3bc + 3c A: If r, r1, r2, r3 are the inradius and exradii of the circles
2 2 2
of a triangle respectively, then
 a +b - c = ab A = r2, A1=r12, A2 = r22, A3 = r32
 2abcos C = ab  A = π . r, A 1 = π . r1 ,
 cos C = 1 A2 = π . r2 , A 3 = π . r3
2
0 
1  1  1
 C = 60 A1 A2 A3
 1  1  1
 .r1  .r2  .r3
 1  s-a  s-b  s-c 

     
 1  3 s - (a + b + c) 
   
 1  3 s - 2s 
   
 1 s
   
 1 .1
 r
 1 .
A
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BLUE PRINT OF MATHEMATICS -1A

SL.NO CHAPTER NAME VSAQ(2M) SAQ(4) LAQ(7M) TOTAL

3 MATRICES 2+2 4 7+7 22

4 ADDITION OF VECTORS 2+2 4 8

6 TRIGONOMETRY RATIO’S 2+2 4 7 15

TOTAL 20/20 20/28 35/49 75/97

Now f: A  B, g: B C are one-one (gof) -1: C  A is a bijection.

Functions LAQ Q.No:18 | www.aimstutorial.in

Functions LAQ Q.No:18 | www.aimstutorial.in

Part 3:- To show that g = f -1

Functions LAQ Q.No:18 | www.aimstutorial.in

Thus f : Q Q is onto. (𝒗) 𝒇𝒈 = {(𝟒, −𝟐𝟎), (𝟔, −𝟐𝟎)}

(𝑿)𝒇𝟑 = {(𝟒, 𝟏𝟐𝟓), (𝟓, 𝟐𝟏𝟔), (𝟔, −𝟔𝟒)}.

Functions LAQ Q.No:18 | www.aimstutorial.in

Step-𝟐: 𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑢𝑠 𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑝(𝑘 ) 𝑖𝑠 𝑡𝑟𝑢𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑛 = 𝑘. AIMS

Step-3: 𝑇𝑜 𝑃. 𝑇 𝑝(𝑘 + 1)𝑖𝑠 𝑡𝑟𝑢𝑒{𝑎𝑑𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑏𝑜𝑡ℎ 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠 (𝑘 + 1)𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚}

∴ 𝑇ℎ𝑢𝑠 𝑝(𝑘 + 1)𝑖𝑠 𝑡𝑟𝑢𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑛 = 𝑘 + 1. 1

𝑏𝑦 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑎𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛, 𝑝(𝑛) is true for all n∈ N.

MATHEMATICAL INDUCTION LAQ Q.No:19 | www.Aimstutorial.in

Step-𝟐: 𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑢𝑠 𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑝(𝑘 ) 𝑖𝑠 𝑡𝑟𝑢𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑛 = 𝑘.

Step-3: 𝑎𝑑𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑏𝑜𝑡ℎ 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠 (𝑘 + 1) 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚

∴ 𝑇ℎ𝑢𝑠 𝑝(𝑘 + 1)𝑖𝑠 𝑡𝑟𝑢𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑛 = 𝑘 + 1.

MATHEMATICAL INDUCTION LAQ Q.No:19 | www.Aimstutorial.in

Step-1: put n=1

Step-𝟐: 𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑢𝑠 𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑝(𝑘 ) 𝑖𝑠 𝑡𝑟𝑢𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑛 = 𝑘.

Step-3: 𝑎𝑑𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑏𝑜𝑡ℎ 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠 (𝑘 + 1) 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚

⇨ P(k+1)=1.2.3+2.3.4+….+𝑘(𝑘 + 1)(𝑘 + 2) + (𝑘 + 1)(𝑘 + 2)(𝐾 + 3)

∴ 𝑇ℎ𝑢𝑠 𝑝(𝑘 + 1)𝑖𝑠 𝑡𝑟𝑢𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑛 = 𝑘 + 1.

MATHEMATICAL INDUCTION LAQ Q.No:19 | www.Aimstutorial.in

Step-𝟐: 𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑢𝑠 𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑝(𝑘 ) 𝑖𝑠 𝑡𝑟𝑢𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑛 = 𝑘.

Step-3: 𝑎𝑑𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑏𝑜𝑡ℎ 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠 (𝑘 + 1) 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚

MATHEMATICAL INDUCTION LAQ Q.No:19 | www.Aimstutorial.in

Step-𝟐: 𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑢𝑠 𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑝(𝑘) 𝑖𝑠 𝑡𝑟𝑢𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑛 = 𝑘.

Step-3: 𝑎𝑑𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑏𝑜𝑡ℎ 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠 (𝑘 + 1) 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚

MATHEMATICAL INDUCTION LAQ Q.No:19 | www.Aimstutorial.in

Step-𝟐: 𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑢𝑠 𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑝(𝑘) 𝑖𝑠 𝑡𝑟𝑢𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑛 = 𝑘.

Step-3: 𝑎𝑑𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑏𝑜𝑡ℎ 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠 (𝑘 + 1) 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚

∴ 𝑇ℎ𝑢𝑠 𝑝(𝑘 + 1)𝑖𝑠 𝑡𝑟𝑢𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑛 = 𝑘 + 1.

MATHEMATICAL INDUCTION LAQ Q.No:19 | www.Aimstutorial.in

Step-𝟐: 𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑢𝑠 𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑝(𝑘) 𝑖𝑠 𝑡𝑟𝑢𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑛 = 𝑘.

Step-3: 𝑎𝑑𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑏𝑜𝑡ℎ 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠 (𝑘 + 1) 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚

∴ 𝑇ℎ𝑢𝑠 𝑝(𝑘 + 1)𝑖𝑠 𝑡𝑟𝑢𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑛 = 𝑘 + 1.

MATHEMATICAL INDUCTION LAQ Q.No:19 | www.Aimstutorial.in

𝟏𝟑 𝟏𝟑 +𝟐𝟑 𝟏𝟑 +𝟐𝟑 +𝟑𝟑 𝒏

Step-3: 𝑎𝑑𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑏𝑜𝑡ℎ 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠 (𝑘 + 1) 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚

2𝑘 3 +9𝑘 2 +13𝑘+6(𝑘 2 +4𝑘+4)

(2𝑘 3 +9𝑘 2 +13𝑘+6𝑘 2 +24𝑘+24)

MATHEMATICAL INDUCTION LAQ Q.No:19 | www.Aimstutorial.in

Step-𝟐: 𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑢𝑠 𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑝(𝑘) 𝑖𝑠 𝑡𝑟𝑢𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑛 = 𝑘.

Step-3: 𝑎𝑑𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑏𝑜𝑡ℎ 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠 (𝑘 + 1) 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚

MATHEMATICAL INDUCTION LAQ Q.No:19 | www.Aimstutorial.in

10. Show that 𝟒𝟗𝒏 + 𝟏𝟔𝒏 − 𝟏 𝒊𝒔 𝒅𝒊𝒗𝒊𝒔𝒊𝒃𝒍𝒆 𝒃𝒚 𝟔𝟒 𝒇𝒐𝒓 𝒂𝒍𝒍 + 𝒗𝒆 𝒊𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒈𝒆𝒓𝒔 𝒏.

Step-2: 𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑢𝑠 𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑝(𝑘) 𝑖𝑠 𝑡𝑟𝑢𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑛 = 𝑘.

⇒𝟒𝟗𝒌 = (𝟔𝟒𝒎 − 𝟏𝟔𝒌 + 𝟏)…. (1)

=49{64𝑚 − 16𝑘 + 1} +16k+15

= 49.64𝑘 − 16𝑘. 49 + 49 + 16𝑘 + 15

∴thus the statement is divisible by 64