Notes - Is Matter Around Us Pure 2023-24.odt

IS MATTER AROUND US PURE?
Learning objectives:
● classify the pure substances into elements and compounds.
● categorize mixtures into homogeneous and heterogeneous.
● compare the properties of solutions, suspensions and colloids with examples.
Pure substance:
Pure substance consists of a single type of substance. A pure substance cannot be separated into
other kinds of matter by physical methods.
Mixtures:
Mixture consists of two or more pure substances. A mixture can be separated into its components
by physical methods. There are two types of the mixture- Homogeneous mixture and
Heterogeneous Mixture.
Homogeneous mixture Heterogeneous Mixture.
1. It consists of a single phase. 1. It consists of two or more phases.
2. Uniform composition. 2. Does not have uniform composition.
3. Example: Sugar dissolved in water 3. Example: sand and common salt mixture.
Solution:
A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances.
A solution has a solvent and a solute as its components.
Properties of a solution
• A solution is a homogeneous mixture.
−9
• The particles of a solution are smaller than 1 nm (10 metre) in diameter. So, they cannot be
seen by naked eyes.
• Because of their very small particle size, they do not scatter a beam of light passing through the
solution. So, the path of light is not visible in a solution.
• The solute particles cannot be separated from the mixture by the process of filtration. The solute
particles do not settle down when left undisturbed, that is, a solution is stable.
Concentration of solution:
Depending upon the amount of solute present in a solution, it can be called a dilute, concentrated or
saturated solution.
when no more solute can be dissolved in a solution at a given temperature, it is called a saturated
solution.
The amount of the solute present in the saturated solution at this temperature is called its solubility.
If the amount of solute contained in a solution is less than the saturation level, it is called an
unsaturated solution.
Concentration of solution = Amount of solute
Amount of solution
(i) Mass by mass percentage of a solution = Mass of solute ×100
Mass of solution
(ii) Mass by volume percentage of a solution = Mass of solute ×100

Volume of solution
iii) Volume by volume percentage of a solution = Volume of solute ×100
Volume of solution
Suspension:
● A suspension is a heterogeneous mixture in which the solute particles do not dissolve but
remain suspended throughout the bulk of the medium.
● Particles of a suspension are visible to the naked eye.
● The particles of a suspension scatter a beam of light passing through it and make its path
visible.
● The solute particles settle down when a suspension is left undisturbed, that is, a suspension
is unstable.
● They can be separated from the mixture by the process of filtration.
Colloidal Solution:
● A colloidal solution is a heterogeneous mixture. The particles of a colloid are uniformly
spread throughout the solution.
● Because of the small size of colloidal particles, we cannot see them with naked eyes. But,
these particles can easily scatter a beam of visible light. This scattering of a beam of light is
called the Tyndall effect.
● The components of a colloidal solution are the dispersed phase and the dispersion medium.
● They do not settle down when left undisturbed, that is, a colloid is quite stable.
● They cannot be separated from the mixture by the process of filtration. But, can be separated
by a special technique of separation known as centrifugation
Numerical problems
1. To make a saturated solution,36g of Sodium chloride is dissolved in 100g of water at 293 K.
Find its concentration at this temperature.
2. A solution containing 40g of common salt in 320g of water. Calculate the concentration in
terms of mass by mass percentage of the solution.
3. Calculate the mass of water and mass of glucose required to make 250g of 40% solution of
glucose.
Physical changes:
Changes that do not result in the production of a new substance.
If you melt a block of ice, you still have H2O at the end of the change.
If you break a bottle, you still have glass.
Examples: melting, freezing, condensing, breaking, crushing, cutting, and bending.
Chemical changes:
Changes that result in the production of a new substance.
Eg: Milk changes to curd
A half-eaten apple that turns brown.
Elements:
An element is a basic form of matter that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by
chemical reactions.
Elements can be mainly divided into metals, non-metals and metalloids.
Compounds:
A compound is a substance composed of two or more elements, chemically combined with one
another in a fixed proportion.
Compounds Mixtures
1. Elements react to form new compounds. 1. Elements or compounds just mix together to
form a mixture and no new compound is
formed.
2. The composition of each new substance is 2. A mixture has a variable composition.
always fixed.
3. The new substance has totally different 3, A mixture shows the properties of the
properties. constituent substances.
4. The constituents can be separated only by 4. The constituents can be separated fairly easily
chemical or electrochemical reactions. by physical methods.

Notes - Is Matter Around Us Pure 2023-24.odt

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Notes - Is Matter Around Us Pure 2023-24.odt

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Notes - Is Matter Around Us Pure 2023-24.odt

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

IS MATTER AROUND US PURE?

(ii) Mass by volume percentage of a solution = Mass of solute ×100

You might also like