Reading and use of English

Part 01
You are given a piece of text with eight spaces. You are required to choose the correct word
(A, B, C, and D) for each space from the set of words given.

Cyberia
People defend that on which they depend. This has been the way since (1)……………………
immemorial. So the uncivilised savages of indigenous and (2) ……………………lands defend
mundane, unimportant things like the animal herds, rivers and forests that their lives depend
on, often with their bodies. E-Homo sapiens defend a (3) …………………… way of life, with its
factories, supermarkets, cheap flights and online shopping. It's a (4) …………………… within us
that's as problematic as it is understandable. For a start, the old ways have become (5)
…………………… to us. Tanning buckskins by using deer brains, to make clothes not dependent on
deforestation and (6) …………………… extinction, is no longer part of our economic lexicon. This is
(7) ……………………difficult for an ex-vegan such as myself. I have witnessed the (8) ……………………
that industrial civilisation has had on wildernesses and the animal kingdom first hand.
Polyester, after all, is hardly vegan.

The Guardian

(1)A time B hour C moment D period

(2)A hereditary B genealogical C tribal D familial
(3)A enterprising B advancing C accelerating D progressive

(4)A pattern B tendency C propensity D susceptibility

(5)A alien B estranged C intolerable D incongruous
(6)A multitudinal B extensive C complete D mass
(7)A principally B notably C especially D specifically
(8)A impingement B impact C collision D brunt
Part 02
Read the text. Think of a word which best fits the context of the sentence, and fill the blanks.
Use only one word for each space.
Jenever
All hail jenever - the precursor to gin that began the British love (1) ………………………………with

juniper-infused hooch. The nectar was (2) …………………………………..to England by mercenaries

from the Low Countries in the 17th century. For a blast of jenever pleasure today, head one

hour by train east of Brussels to Hasselt, which hosts Belgium's national jenever festival (3)

………………………………..October. Hasselt's status as Belgium's jenever capital explains the

presence of the Nationaal Jenever museum. It is housed in a beautifully restored and

(4)………………………………….. active 19th-century distillery on Witte Nonnenstraat. During Jenever

Feesten there is a bronze fountain on Maastrichterstraat, from (5) ………………………………. jenever

flows instead of water. If you're struggling to find it, ask anyone for The Barrel Man, but you'll

have to wait your (6) ……………………………….. . A jenever tram glides (7)

…………………………………town; marching bands play as waiters race with laden trays to win their

own weight in jenever. Street corner pop-up bars tempt visitors with jenevers from (8)

………………………………… Flanders.

The Herald
Part 03
Read the text given. Write the correct word in the space given. You need to change given set
of words to create the correct form of the word for each space.

Recycling
In Tokyo, there are five main categories of trash, with multiple (1) ………………………………….. and
exceptions. Each category is collected only on certain days. The apartment manager puts out
the proper cans on the proper days, and if you don't take the stuff out in time, it's like missing a
ferry, only (2) ……………………………………….. That is the height of (3) …………………………………… . The
catchall category is (4) ……………………………………….. waste. This is for stuff that should go to the
(5) ………………………………………. . Plastic is not just any plastic. It has to be (6)
……………………………………….. and clean without food stains. It is your obligation as a citizen to
make a good-faith effort to wash food (7) …………………………………….. off the plastic before
putting it in the Plastic bin. Not all plastic is Plastic, but paper is the worst. You're supposed to
bundle your newspapers and then slip small pieces of paper in between the newspapers to act
as (8) ……………………………………….. These parcels are then tied up and placed at group collection
points for collection by voluntary community groups.

(1) CATEGORY
(2) SMELL

(3) RESPONSIBILITY
(4) COMBUST
(5) INCINERATE
(6) NEW
(7) RESIDE

(8) SEPARATE
Part 04
Complete the gapped sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the complete sentence,
using the key word given. Do not change the word given and you must use between 3 and 8
words, including the word given.

(1) My happiness depends on my security.

HAPPIER
The more……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. I feel.

(2) The curfew will apply from midnight tonight.

EFFECT
The curfew ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. at
midnight tonight.

(3) He did not mention his criminal record in the interview.

REFERENCE
He made ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. in the
interview.

(4) They said there would probably be a strike tomorrow.

THREAT
They said ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. a strike
tomorrow.

(5) She didn't hesitate for a moment before calling the police.

SLIGHTEST
She didn't have ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
calling the police.
(6) I was very surprised when I heard you were leaving.
HEAR
I ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. your leaving.
Part 05
Read the text and choose the correct answer (A, B, C or D) for the given questions.
Keep Calm and Carry On
Today the wartime slogan "Keep Calm and Carry On" adorns mugs, cushions and tea towels. It
is a familiar phrase, spawning hundreds of parodies, yet authentic copies of the original
government poster are very rare indeed. Even the Imperial War Museum does not own an
example.
This week, as the UK faces its biggest political upheaval in 50 years, an original poster will go up
for sale at the Art & Antiques Fair, Olympia for more than £20,000. The scarcity of the genuine
artwork stems from its history as an emergency message from the second world war. It was
never intended for release unless German air attacks on Britain threatened the nation's
infrastructure or enemy forces mounted an invasion.
The poster was designed by the Ministry of Information in the summer of 1939 to represent a
message from the King to his subjects, and it was hoped it would reassure the public and
prevent widespread panic. A year later, once Britain had weathered the onslaught of the Blitz,
all the printed posters were sent back for pulping as part of the wider paper salvage drive, due
to the shortage of raw materials.
The surviving Keep Calm print will go on sale at the fair in Olympia with a price tag of £21,250 at
the Manning Fine Art stand. It was discovered 16 years ago at the bottom of a box of old books
by Stuart Manley, the owner of Barter Books in Alnwick, Northumberland. Manley and his wife,
Mary, framed it and hung it on the wall behind the cash register. After interest from customers,
a few reproductions were made and sold. Since then the poster has become internationally
recognised and is widely associated with a belief in British stoicism and the 'stiff upper lip'. The
first ministry print run produced almost 2,500,000 copies of Keep Calm and Carry On, but until
2012 - when 20 copies turned up on an episode of the BBC's Antiques Roadshow - it was
believed that only two copies had escaped pulping.
The Keep Calm design was the least popular of a series of three Home Publicity posters, each
headed with a representation of the Tudor crown as a symbol of the head of state. The others
read 'Your Courage, Your Cheerfulness, Your Resolution Will Bring Us Victory' and 'Freedom Is
in Peril. Defend It With All Your Might'. The keywords 'Your Courage', suggested by a civil
servant named AP Waterfield, were regarded as potentially the most effective as 'a rallying war
cry that will bring out the best in every one of us and put us in an offensive mood at once'.
The posters were dispatched across the country, to mixed results - Mass Observation reports
from the time suggest the tone of even this milder slogan was regarded as patronising.
Draft versions of the three posters were completed on 6 July 1939, and were agreed by the
home secretary of the day, Samuel Hoare, in August. They were to be ready to send out within
24 hours of the declaration of war. The typeface is close to Gill Sans but it is suspected the
lettering was actually hand drawn.
In August 2011 a British-based company registered the slogan as a trademark in Europe and the
United States, after failing to obtain registration of the slogan as a trademark in the United
Kingdom. The registration was later queried on the grounds that the words are too widely used
for anyone to own exclusive rights, but the request for cancellation was rejected.
The Guardian

The Questions

1) What is the writer's reason for writing this text?

A) To explain the background of an iconic piece of art.
B) To explain why a poster is popular.
C) To explain the meaning of the poster.
D) To explain why it sold for so much money.

2) What is the writer suggesting in the first paragraph?

A) It was too expensive for the Imperial War Museum.
B) It was not an important piece.
C) It was exceptionally rare.

D) It was not authentic.

3) The writer uses the word Blitz in the third paragraph to refer to
A) the German army.
B) the economic conditions during the war.

C) unusual weather conditions.

D) heavy and frequent German bombing raids.
4) What explanation does the writer give in the third paragraph for so few of the original
posters surviving?
A) They were destroyed by the Germans.
B) They were all recycled.
C) They were made of paper and decomposed.

D) Collectors speculated by hoarding them.

5) What does the text of the poster represent, according to the writer?
A) Assurance that everything will be all right.
B) Remaining resolute and calm in the face of adversity.

C) Determination to succeed.
D) An effort to motivate soldiers going to war.

6) What explanation does the writer give in the final paragraph for the slogan being registered
in the U.S.?
A) It was not possible to register it in the U.K.

B) It was easier because the rules were simpler.

C) The market in the U.S. was bigger, so it made more sense.
D) The rights were owned by an American company.
Part 06
Read the text. Seven paragraphs have been removed from the text. Choose the correct
paragraph from given paragraphs A-H which best fits for the each space.

Officewear
According to research from the Paris-Sorbonne University, women who wear low-cut tops in
job application photographs are up to five times more likely to receive an interview offer than
those who wear round-neck clothing.
(1) …………………………
Dr Sevag Kertechian, who carried out the research, said that the results were quite shocking
and negative, but not necessarily surprising, and showed we need to conduct more research.

(2) …………………………
Quite apart from the fact that women shouldn't feel pressured to wear high heels or low-cut
tops at work if they don't feel comfortable, it wouldn't necessarily even help their careers if
they did.
It's only a few years since a study revealed that bosses considered low-cut tops one of the
biggest mistakes a female employee can make, and that one in five managers had fired
someone for inappropriate dress.

(3) …………………………
This indicates that society has very different ideas of this situation when it comes to men and
women. If there is a threat of being fired, or losing a promotion for inappropriate dress, then it
matters that there are many more ways in which women might be considered to be dressed
inappropriately than men.
The dramatically different surveys have one thing in common in that they both suggest that a
woman's workplace performance may be judged on her appearance, and specifically on how
sexual or attractive that appearance is considered to be.

(4) …………………………
But for women, office dress requirements and surveys such as these create a carnival of
complex hoops to jump through, with the rules seeming to change constantly and no easy way
to win.

(5) …………………………
In short, women in the workplace often find themselves trying to walk a fine line between
made-up but not overdone, smart but not prudish, stylish but not flamboyant, neat but not
uptight. Suddenly, clothing becomes more than just what you wear to work, it is who you are,
and how good you are at your job. This isn't happening to men, who often complain that
women use their sexuality in the workplace, or scoop undeserved promotions by dressing
provocatively.
(6) …………………………
For many large-breasted women, finding smart, well-fitting office clothes that reveal no
cleavage at all can be a real challenge. But why should they pay the price of somebody else's
perception about what that small patch of flesh signifies?
(7) …………………………
Suggestions of what women should and shouldn't wear in the workplace may seem harmless on
the surface, but in reality they risk compounding the normalised judgment of women on the
basis of appearance instead of performance. Unless a woman is turning up to the office in a
bikini or a snowsuit, we should be focusing on her work, not what she's wearing.

The Guardian
A -In reality, women are much more likely to be lambasted for getting it wrong, regardless of
whether they show cleavage or not, not to mention the fact that having breasts in the
workplace is far more likely to attract sexual harassment than promotions.
B -These are standards by which men are not being measured. Smartness for men tends to be
gauged by a simple, objective set of criteria, and is generally considered less important than
workplace performance and capability.
C -The advice women are given about cleavage in the workplace is conflicting and unhelpful.
Some are inappropriately pressured to reveal more to keep clients happy, while others are
reprimanded and told to cover up because it is unprofessional.
D -This isn't merely a matter of looking smart in the workplace - it indicates that society has
very different ideas of what smart looks like when it comes to men and women.
E -The research saw two women with near-identical CVs each apply for 100 sales roles and 100
accountancy roles, with half of the applications for each role including photographs with round-
neck tops and half low-cut. Among the 200 combined sales roles applications, the low-cut
submissions received 62 more interview offers than their round-neck counterparts, and in the
accountancy applications they received 68 more interview offers.
F -As far as the survey results go, there is certainly a strong argument for preventing this
particular form of prejudice by doing away with job application photographs altogether, as
many employers have done.
G -The survey of 3,000 managers and workers found that almost half of bosses had also
overlooked someone for a promotion or pay rise for the same reason.
H -The findings come hot on the heels of the recent furore over the case of Nicola Thorp, an
office worker who was sent home without pay for refusing to wear high heels.
Part 07
Read the piece of text and choose the best answer (A, B, C or D) for the questions.

Tennis Elites
(A) FEDERER
Roger Federer is considered by many to be the best tennis player of all time. But on what basis
can that be determined? The easiest place to start is by comparing records, of which he has
many - world number one for the longest period; winning the most grand slams, and reaching
the Wimbledon final the most times. So where's the argument. Some feel that he was very
fortunate to meet some very poor players in his quest to amass all those titles. Although it is
also true that you can only beat what is put in front of you. Another test for the best could be
resilience in the face of adversity. To be successful you need confidence, and confidence comes
from winning. So when you lose, and keep on losing for a long time, it becomes extremely
difficult to come back. Federer won the 2012 Wimbledon title against Murray after losing
continuously for two years. That kind of mental strength has to be respected.

(B) NADAL
Nadal grew up playing tennis on clay in his native Spain, and he is justifiably regarded as the
greatest player on clay. But he wanted more than that, and it is a testament to his mental
strength that he was able to beat a peak-of-his-powers Federer on grass which was Federer's
favourite surface in a Wimbledon final in 2008. So how did he manage that? The very short
answer is - hard work, and humility and determination and a never-give-in approach. Success
breeds success and this was never more true than in the case of Nadal as he dominated the
men's game for several years after that victory in 2008. His game was based on power and
strength rather than style and subtlety, and this comes with a price as his body struggled to
maintain the levels of fitness and health required. The other sad thing is that although it may be
possible to come back from a loss of form, a comeback from injury is a different kettle of fish.
The body can only take so much punishment, and once it breaks, there is no fixing it. The best
of Nadal may be long gone leaving just a collection of fond old memories.

(C) DJOKOVIC
The king is dead, long live the king - meaning there is always someone ready to wear the crown
once the old king is no more, and that man is Djokovic. This young Serb has demonstrated that
he has the most complete game of any player today or of recent history. His win record is
getting ever more impressive, and he seems quite invincible. It was mentioned earlier that the
best are measured by records, well Djokovic stands alone with 29 Masters 1000 series titles.
There doesn't seem to be a surface he is weak on, and there doesn't seem to be a player he
can't handle. Djokovic became the third man to hold all four major titles at once, and the first
ever to do so on three different surfaces - hardcourt, clay, and grass. To give a balanced view,
something negative should be said about him, but it's very difficult to identify anything. He is
charming, attractive, intelligent and humble. Putting everything together, what can be said with
any degree of certainty is that he is going to dominate proceedings for many years to come.
(D) MURRAY
Luck can be very cruel. Andrew Murray by any measure is a superb tennis player and his level of
excellence would normally merit enormous success. But Murray had the misfortune to be
playing at the same time as three of the best players in the history of the game - Federer, Nadal
and Djokovic. And given the competition, the fact that he has won anything at all is no mean
achievement. What's worse, if the others lose, they can go home reflecting that tomorrow is
another day. But Murray has the demands of nation to satisfy. Before the Wimbledon final of
2013, the last British winner had been Fred Perry 77 years previously. So when he plays, there is
a different level of pressure on his shoulders than his opponents. For him then to beat Federer
in three sets in 2013 to take the Wimbledon crown, with his country demanding success, says a
lot about courage, grit and strength of character. The match is widely believed to be one of the
greatest performances by any athlete in history. It can be said without any fear of contradiction
that he will never have the trophies and records his rivals will collect, but pound for pound, he
is not less than any of the illustrious players he shares the court with.
The Herald

The Questions

Which player
1) had extra pressure compared to the players he was playing against?
A B C D
2) could have health problems due to the way he played?
A B C D

3) had a long period with no success?

A B C D
4) has a unique record?
A B C D
5) is unlikely to win many trophies?

A B C D
6) often won against weak opposition?
A B C D
7) had to dominate playing conditions which he was not used to?

A B C D
8) earned a lot of patriotic respect?
A B C D
9) is well-known for his humility?
A B C D

10) is respected for being the best all-round player?

A B C D
ANSWERS
Part 01 Part 02 Part 03
1. A 1. AFFAIR 1. SUBCATEGORIES
2. C 2. BROUGHT 2. SMELLIER
3. D 3. EVERY,EACH 3. IRRESPONSIBILITY
4. B 4. STILL 4. COMBUSTIBLE
5. A 5. WHICH 5. INCINERATOR
6. D 6. TURN 6. RENEWABLE
7. C 7. AROUND 7. RESIDUES
8. B 8. ACROSS 8. SEPARATORS

Part 04
1. SECURE I AM,THE HAPPIER ,SECURE I AM THE HAPPIER ,SECURE I AM,SECURE I
AM,THE HAPPIER
2. WILL COME INTO EFFECT, WILL TAKE EFFECT, WILL,COME INTO EFFECT, TAKE EFFECT
3. NO REFERENCE TO HIS CRIMINAL RECORD,NO REFERENCE,TO HIS CRIMINAL RECORD
4. THERE WAS A THREAT OF,THERE WAS,A THREAT OF
5. THE SLIGHTEST HESITATION IN,THE SLIGHTEST HESITATION,IN
6. WAS VERY SURPRISED TO HEAR OF,WAS VERY SURPRISED TO HEAR ABOUT,WAS VERY
SURPRISED,TO HEAR OF, TO HEAR ABOUT

Part 05 Part 06 Part 07

1. A 1. E 1. D
2. C 2. H 2. B
3. D 3. G 3. A
4. B 4. B 4. C
5. B 5. C 5. D
6. A 6. A 6. A
7. F 7. B
8. D
9. B
10. C