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Calculating Subnets

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16 views2 pages

Calculating Subnets

Uploaded by

rupeshkuumar5
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Calculating subnets involves determining the network, subnet, and host portions of an IP

address, along with the range of addresses in the subnet. Here’s a step-by-step guide to help
you calculate subnets:

Step-by-Step Guide to Subnet Calculation:

1. Identify the IP Address and Subnet Mask:

 Example IP Address: 192.168.1.0


 Example Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0

2. Convert the Subnet Mask to Binary:

 Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0


 Binary: 11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000

The number of 1's represents the network part, and the number of 0's represents the host part.

3. Determine the Number of Subnets and Hosts:

 Number of Subnets: Depends on the number of bits borrowed from the host part.
 Number of Hosts: Depends on the number of remaining bits for hosts.

4. Calculate Subnet Increment:

 Increment: 2Number of Host Bits2^{\text{Number of Host Bits}}


 Example: For a /24 subnet mask (8 host bits), the increment is 2^8 = 256.

5. Determine Subnet Ranges:

 The range is determined by the increment value.


 Example: Starting at 192.168.1.0, the next subnet will be 192.168.1.256.

Example Calculation:

Given:

 IP Address: 192.168.1.0
 Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.240 (/28)

Steps:

1. Binary Subnet Mask: 11111111.11111111.11111111.11110000


2. Network Bits: 28, Host Bits: 4
3. Subnet Increment: 24=162^{4} = 16

Subnet Ranges:

 Subnet 1: 192.168.1.0 - 192.168.1.15


 Subnet 2: 192.168.1.16 - 192.168.1.31
 Subnet 3: 192.168.1.32 - 192.168.1.47
 Subnet 4: 192.168.1.48 - 192.168.1.63

Understanding the Result:

 Network Address: The first IP address in the range (e.g., 192.168.1.0).


 Broadcast Address: The last IP address in the range (e.g., 192.168.1.15).
 Usable IP Range: IP addresses between the network and broadcast addresses (e.g.,
192.168.1.1 - 192.168.1.14).

Additional Tips:

 Use subnet calculators or tools for complex subnetting tasks.


 Practice with different subnet masks to gain confidence.

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