IGCSE Cambridge

Travel & Tourism

Unit 2: Features of worldwide destinations

Name: _____________________________________

Form: ___________ Teacher: __________________

IGCSE Cambridge Travel & Tourism 2. Features of worldwide destinations

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 IGCSE Cambridge Travel & Tourism 2. Features of worldwide destinations

Introduction

1 Destination

A destination is an end point to a journey

For example:
. a country . a town or city . a theme park . an event . a natural attraction

Characteristics of a destination:
. its own character - cultural, traditional, modern, technological etc
. transportation to & from + parking
. accommodation
. catering facilities
. attractions / things to do
. shopping

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Destinations are places where tourism develops, grows & changes as the destination changes.
Tourism fits in with the environment of the destination.

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There are millions of destinations around the world - competition means only the best will thrive.

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Stages of development for tourism - by RW Butler - based on the business ‘product life cycle’.
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7. Rejuvenation update facilities, renew, innovate etc

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6. Decline facilities out-of-date

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7. Rejuvention

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5. Stagnation maximum capacity, facilities over used

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5. Stagnation
Number of tourists

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6. Decline 4. Consolidation large numbers of tourists, all facilities,

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4. Consolidation

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maximum capacity

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3. Development 3. Development increase in numbers, expanding

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facilities & infrastructure

w2. Involvement

1. Exploration
2. Involvement small numbers, basic facilities

1. Exploration not many tourists, few facilities

Growth of tourism

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IGCSE Cambridge Travel & Tourism 2. Features of worldwide destinations

Introduction

Activity 1a Give examples of destinations, that you have visited

. a country . a town or city . a theme park . an event . a natural attraction

Thailand
……………… ayyutaya
……………… ………………
harberland happy
………………birthday ………………
Beach, Sea
pattaya in noodles resteraunt forest
……………… ……………… ………………
Siam Park City ……………… ………………
……………… ………………
Khaoyai ……………… ……………… ………………

Activity 1b Describe the destination characteristics of Dubai

Modern Skyscrapers Luxury Living Desert Adventures Cultural Heritage Shopping Paradise Diverse Dining
……………………………………………………………………………………………

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Thrilling Entertainment Global Events Beaches and Waterfront Safety and Infrastructure
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
Dubai combines luxury, tradition, and innovation, making it an attractive destination.

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Activity 1c Give examples of facilities in the stage given:

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Rejuvenation Renovated parks.
1…………………. Restored districts.
2………………….
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Upgraded transit.
3………………….

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Decline Abandoned factories.
1………………….

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Vacant spaces.
2………………….
ho ………………….
3 Neglected housing.

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1 Aging malls.
…………………. …………………. 2 Underused stadiums. Neglected transit hubs.
3………………….

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Stagnation

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Consolidation 1 Business mergers. 2 Government restructuring. 3………………….
School consolidations.

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Development 1 New housing.
…………………. …………………. 2 Medical facilities. Infrastructure projects.
3………………….

Involvement Civic centers.

1…………………. Skill development.
2…………………. Public engagement.
3………………….

Exploration Research labs.

1………………….
Innovation hubs.
2…………………. Scientific expeditions.
3………………….

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 IGCSE Cambridge Travel & Tourism 2. Features of worldwide destinations

2.1 Demonstrate knowledge of main global features

2 The location of major continental land masses, oceans and seas

ARCTIC OCEAN

NORTH ATLANTIC
NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN
OCEAN

INDIAN
OCEAN

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SOUTH PACIFIC SOUTH ATLANTIC
OCEAN OCEAN

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IGCSE Cambridge Travel & Tourism 2. Features of worldwide destinations

2.1 Demonstrate knowledge of main global features

3 The location of the world’s major cities in relation to their importance as major
transport hubs and destinations

A transport hub, is a place where people & goods arrive & depart e.g. an airport, train
station, bus station & port.

Example: two of the world’s busiest airports, Chicago (69 million) & Atlanta (90 million) (USA)
have millions of passengers arrive & depart but most do not visit the cities - they are transit
passengers.

London (UK) & Paris (France) are very busy hubs - but also have millions of visitors to the city
& country.

Source: OAG Report 2018

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The most internationally connected airport Two of the fastest growing connected

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in the world is London Heathrow Airport airports in the world are Istanbul (IST) and

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(LHR). With an International Connectivity Dubai (DXB), with 55,000 possible

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Index which is higher than its nearest rival connections within a six hour window.

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by some margin, LHR ranks as the world’s

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No. 1 Megahub. On the busiest day for
aviation in 2018, there were 66,000 possible
One key thing about most of the top 50
connected cities is that they have one
airline based there that has 40% + of the
international connections between flights
flights:
arriving and departing at the airport within
LHR = British Airways
a six-hour window.
IST = Turkish Airlines
DXB = Emirates Airlines

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 IGCSE Cambridge Travel & Tourism 2. Features of worldwide destinations

2.1 Demonstrate knowledge of main global features

Using the table on page 4, and your own knowledge answer the exam
Activity 2
style questions below

1. Identify the following: (2)

CDG 250
the share of flights at hub by the dominant carrier - Air France - in France ………………….

DAL XXX
the share of flights at hub by the dominant carrier - Korean Air - in South Korea ………………….

2. What is an airport megahub? (2)

An airport megahub is like a super busy airport where you can catch lots of different flights to go
……………………………………………………………………………………………
to different places easily. It's like a big transportation hub for people traveling by plane.
……………………………………………………………………………………………

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……………………………………………………………………………………………

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3. State three services that may be provided at international airports and for each give one
benefit to the passenger. (6)

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Service Benefit

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Passport Check and Security It's like making sure everyone's allowed to travel and

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keeping everyone safe.

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Service
Handling Your Bags
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Benefit

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They take care of your luggage, so you don't have to

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lug heavy bags around.

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Service
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Special Airport Rooms
Benefit
Imagine a cool room with snacks and games while
you wait for your plane – it's like a comfy hangout spot.

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IGCSE Cambridge Travel & Tourism 2. Features of worldwide destinations

2.1 Demonstrate knowledge of main global features

The location of the world’s major cities in relation to their importance as major
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transport hubs and destinations

Example of the importance of location for a transport hub: Dubai

Source: Emirates Airline 2018

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Dubai has sold itself as the ‘crossroads’ or ‘gateway’ between Europe, Asia and Africa, with a

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flight time of 6 - 7 hours to Europe & Asia.

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This location has enabled it to develop as a hub, as well as a destination for leisure and business

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travellers. It has become a true international destination with over 100 airlines operating out of

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its airport - Dubai’s ‘open skies policy’.

Visitors come from all over the world.

Emirates Airlines flies to 161 destinations in 85 countries (November 2019)

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 IGCSE Cambridge Travel & Tourism 2. Features of worldwide destinations

2.1 Demonstrate knowledge of main global features

5 The location of the world’s major cities in relation to their importance as major
transport hubs and destinations
Source: www.dsc.gov.ae

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Activity 3 Answer the exam style question

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Explain why Dubai attracts visitors from around the world (4)

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………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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IGCSE Cambridge Travel & Tourism 2. Features of worldwide destinations

2.1 Demonstrate knowledge of main global features

The location of the world’s major cities in relation to their importance as major
transport hubs and destinations

Activity 4 Answer the exam style question below

Explain why the global location of a country can be important for the country’s airport (4)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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Activity 5 Key words

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English

English

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Arabic

Arabic

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English

English
Arabic

Arabic

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 IGCSE Cambridge Travel & Tourism 2. Features of worldwide destinations

2.1 Demonstrate knowledge of main global features

Review 2.1 Write up to six summaries and list the key words/terms for this topic

Summaries
1 2

3 4

5 6

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IGCSE Cambridge Travel & Tourism 2. Features of worldwide destinations

2.2 Demonstrate awareness of different time zones & climates

6 Relationship between global position and time zones

180 150 120 90 60 30 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 90

north 75

60

45

30

15

equator 0

15

30

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lines of 45
longitude

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60

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75
south 90
west east lines of latitude

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Activity 6 Research the longitude & latitude of the following cities

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a) Give the latitude & longitude for the following cities

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London
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New York
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Cairo
.
…………………………………………………………….

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Tokyo
w w …………………………………………………………….

Cape Town …………………………………………………………….

Sydney …………………………………………………………….

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 IGCSE Cambridge Travel & Tourism 2. Features of worldwide destinations

2.2 Demonstrate awareness of different time zones & climates

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IGCSE Cambridge Travel & Tourism 2. Features of worldwide destinations

2.2 Demonstrate awareness of different time zones & climates

Relationship between global position and time zones

Activity 7 Complete the times for cities below

a) If the time in London is 12:00, what is the time in the following cities?

Paris …………………. Dubai ………………. New York ………………..

b) If the time in Sydney is 14:00, what is the time in the following cities?

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Tokyo ……………….. Istanbul ……………….. London………………..

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c) If the time in New York is 08:00, what is the time in the following cities?

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Los Angeles ……………….. Moscow ……………….. Dehli ………………..

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d) If you leave London at 12:00 on 1 January & the flight takes 6 hours, what time do you

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arrive in Dubai?

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e) If you leave New York at 12:00 on 1 January & the flight takes 7 hours, what time do you

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arrive in London?

…………………………………………………………….

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 IGCSE Cambridge Travel & Tourism 2. Features of worldwide destinations

2.2 Demonstrate awareness of different time zones & climates

8 Relationship between global position and physical environment

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Climate Environment

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Area, region or Typical climate

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country

Polar Climate

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Greenland

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Very cold winter - snow. Cool summer.

Arctic (sub polar)

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Finland, Norway Very cold winter - snow. Short warm summer, some rain.

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Cool Temperate North Europe Cold winter. Hot summer. Rain anytime.

Warm Temperate

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Tropical Desert

Tropical Monsoon
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India
Very hot summer. Warm winter, very little or no rain.

Hot most of the year. Heavy summer rain.

Tropical African Savannah Hot most of the year. Summer rain.

Equatorial Amazon rain forest All year: rain, hot, humid

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IGCSE Cambridge Travel & Tourism 2. Features of worldwide destinations

2.2 Demonstrate awareness of different time zones & climates

9 The influence of climate on tourism

Climate is a big factor on influencing tourists for most destinations.

Certain times of the year have better climates than others.

Climate factors include:

. Temperature . Precipitation . Humidity . Hours of sunshine

Some destinations are prone to climatic extremes at certain times of the year when tourists may
avoid the area:

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. Monsoon rains . Hurricane/Typhoon season . Risk of fires

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. Wind . Heat . Cold . Flood

Activity 8

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Research areas/countries that are prone to extreme climate

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Climate Area or country

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Monsoon rains …………………………………………………………….

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Risk of fires …………………………………………………………….

Heat
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Hurricanes …………………………………………………………….

Flood w …………………………………………………………….

Cold …………………………………………………………….

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 IGCSE Cambridge Travel & Tourism 2. Features of worldwide destinations

2.2 Demonstrate awareness of different time zones & climates

9
Correct information on climatic areas identified, using reference sources

Answer the
Activity 9
questions

a) Which place is the driest?

………………………………

b) Which place has the most

precipitation?

………………………………

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c) When would you go to the

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Seychelles if you wanted less

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rain?

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d) Which place has the most

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even temperature over the

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year?

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time to holiday in Dubai?

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w. f) Which season is the best

w w time to holiday in Paris?

………………………………

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IGCSE Cambridge Travel & Tourism 2. Features of worldwide destinations

2.2 Demonstrate awareness of different time zones & climates

10 Possible impact of climate change on tourism

Mountain & snow tourism Lake & forest tourism

Risks Risks
. higher temperatures = less snow . higher temperatures = droughts & forest
fires & increase in insects & pests

Impact
. shorter ski season, less income Impact

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. resident migration from areas, less visitors
Adaptation
. snow making machines

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(but need low temps) Adaptation

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. promote non ski activities all year round . fire management features
(walking, mountain biking etc)

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Urban environment tourism
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Nature tourism

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Risks Risks

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. higher temperatures = loss of habitat & . climate change = more natural disasters
animals if not able to migrate

f o r (floods, cyclones, hurricanes etc)

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Impact Impact
. less tourism, with less species . less tourism, expensive solutions

Adaptation Adaptation
. managed wildlife reserves & parks . improving eco building, flood defences etc

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 IGCSE Cambridge Travel & Tourism 2. Features of worldwide destinations

2.2 Demonstrate awareness of different time zones & climates

11 Possible impact of climate change on tourism

Coast & beach tourism Ocean & sea tourism

Risks Risks
. higher temperatures = sea levels rising . higher temperatures = higher sea temps

Impact Impact

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. coastal facilities . loss of or migration of fish, sea mammals etc
. beach & coastal erosion . loss of coral reefs

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Adaptation Adaptation

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. sea barriers . stop global warming!
. coastal erosion measures

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Activity 10 Answer the question below

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Why will climate change have such a big impact on tourism? (6)

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………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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IGCSE Cambridge Travel & Tourism 2. Features of worldwide destinations

2.2 Demonstrate awareness of different time zones & climates

Review 2.2 Write up to six summaries and list the key words/terms for this topic

Summaries
1 2

3 4

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 IGCSE Cambridge Travel & Tourism 2. Features of worldwide destinations

2.2 Demonstrate awareness of different time zones & climates

Activity 12 Answer the exam style questions

a. What is longitude and latitude? (2+2)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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b. Explain how a destination’s climate affects its tourism (6)

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………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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c. Give two ways in which a destination can attract tourists ‘out of season’ (4)

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………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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IGCSE Cambridge Travel & Tourism 2. Features of worldwide destinations

2.3 Investigate travel & tourism destinations

12 The nature of destinations

Top 20 city destinations 2017

More people are travelling

than ever before. In MEDCs
more than one holiday a
year has increased form
15% to 25%.
LEDCS are becoming
increasingly popular
Millions of visitors

destinations, with China due

to become the most visited
country in 2020.

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Spend per visitor is
increasing - led by Dubai -

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as countries try to attract

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wealthy tourists, through
National Tourist Boards’
development plans

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Total tourist spend per year + average tourist spend per day

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 IGCSE Cambridge Travel & Tourism 2. Features of worldwide destinations

2.3 Investigate travel & tourism destinations

Established destinations top the

visitor spending charts.

Makkah’s spend is from religious

tourism - Muslims going on the
Haj.

By 2020 China is expected to be

the most visited country.
Germans are expected to travel
the most, with the Chinese in

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fourth.

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13 Perishable destinations.
Perishable means something that can decay, or become unusable.

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A destination can become unusable or perishable.
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Natural environment destinations are particularly liable to being perishable.

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Example of a perishable destination: South Devon, UK

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Problem

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Increasing number of walkers plus bad weather has caused this

rce path to be eroded. The eroded path was difficult for walkers & if
not fixed can quickly get worse.

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Solution

.re 500 metres of the path was repaired & widened, with improved

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Example of erosion on a footpath drainage to reduce water damage to the path.

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. regular maintenance . make hard wearing paths (stone)
. move paths to areas less likely to erode
. reduce the number of visitors . fence off areas
. educate people about path management
Footpath after repair

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IGCSE Cambridge Travel & Tourism 2. Features of worldwide destinations

2.3 Investigate travel & tourism destinations

Activity 13 Using the data and information on pages 19 & 20 answer the questions below

a. Give two examples of cities in MEDCs and two examples cities in LEDCs (2+2)

MEDCS ……………………………………… ……………………………………………………..

LEDCS………………………………………… ………………………………………………………

b. Which continent is most represented in the ’Top City Destination’ graph (1)

……………………………………………………..

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c. Which European cities are represented in the ’Top City Destination’ graph (1)

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……………………………………………………..

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d. Give two reasons why Dubai tops the ‘ Tourist Average Spend per year’ chart (4)

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e. Explain the term ‘perishable destination’

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 IGCSE Cambridge Travel & Tourism 2. Features of worldwide destinations

2.3 Investigate travel & tourism destinations

14 The nature of destinations

Perishable destinations can be man-made as well as natural environments.

Perishable can include:

. condition of buildings . look of the destination . cultural - social situation
. future of the destination

The scale below was set-up to help a destination to assess

Destination Outlook Scale

The scale gives destinations a chance

Rating Perishable features
to prioritise work that their facilities

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1- 2 Very bad situation, destination in trouble may require to overcome problems.

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3-4 Serious problems

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5-6 Some parts of the destination have problems
Activity 14 Outlook scale

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7-8 Some areas have minor problems
Using the Scale - rate each

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9 Everything is unspoiled & genuine

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destination & suggest a

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solution to the problem

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10 Destination improved, made better

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source: www.mashable.com

source: www.en.wikipedia.org

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source: www.star.com.my

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Resort near Penang, Malasyia Polluted beach closed, Philipines Overcrowded beach, Argentina

a) Rating: ___________
w b) Rating: ___________ c) Rating: ___________

Solution ____________________ Solution ____________________ Solution _________________

____________________________ ____________________________ _________________________
____________________________ ____________________________ _________________________
____________________________ ____________________________ _________________________

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IGCSE Cambridge Travel & Tourism 2. Features of worldwide destinations

2.3 Investigate travel & tourism destinations

15 The nature of destinations

Specialist destinations are set-up for a very particular purpose

. Health . Sport . Education . Religious

. Travel to another country for health care, why?

. Looking for new treatments
. Better quality treatment
. Cheaper healthcare

Health Tourism
Top destinations: Canada, UK, Israel, Singapore & India
Worth: $100 billion

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. Participant - sports events worldwide

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- junior & adult events

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. Spectator - global events from football to chess
- World Cup & Olympics

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- Holidays - providing sporting opportunities for visitors eg. golf,

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Sport Tourism

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diving, tennis etc

l s .Worth $600 billion

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o o
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o r s . Growing area of tourism:

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. Young people - school trips, exchange visits

rce . Education - study, full & part time etc.

. Workshops - domestic & international
Educational Tourism

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Worth: $1,000 billion

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. Pilgrimage - journey to a scared place for an act of devotion e.g Hajj
(Saudi Arabia earns $16 billion pa)
. Attractions - religious places: churches, mosques, temples etc
. Events - rallies, camps, meetings etc
. Retreats - time spent in prayer, religious thought etc
. Voluntary work - religious work, often young people Religious Tourism
Worth: $18 billion

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 IGCSE Cambridge Travel & Tourism 2. Features of worldwide destinations

2.3 Investigate travel & tourism destinations

16 The nature of destinations: case study - Dubai Health Tourism

Health Tourism in Dubai, launched by the Crown Prince, Sheikh Hamdan bin Mohammed,
in 2014.

Vision
To position Dubai as a globally recognised destination for elective health and wellness
treatments

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Mission
To develop and support excellence in healthcare in the Emirate of Dubai by developing

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and implementing plans, policies and legislations that encourage investment and improve

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quality in the healthcare sector to promote medical tourism in identified regions through
collaborative efforts with stakeholders.

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Values

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. People focused . Excellence . Quality .Efficiency . Transparency

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Objective

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• To be the fastest growing Medical Tourism Destination globally
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To be rated the Top Medical Tourism Destination, in the region

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• To develop & Healthcare industry to compete with the best in the world
•
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To contribute to the Economic Development of the Emirate of Dubai

r
Specialities in Focus
ou
s
Countries in Focus

re
• Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine • Russia
• Plastic surgery

w. • CIS Countries

w
• Ophthalmology • GCC countries
•
•
•
w
Dental Procedures
Dermatology and Skin care
Aesthetic Practices and surgeries
•
•
India
Pakistan
• Nigeria
• Preventive Health check-ups • Angola
• Wellness • United Kingdom

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IGCSE Cambridge Travel & Tourism 2. Features of worldwide destinations

2.3 Investigate travel & tourism destinations

Activity 15 Answer the questions on specialist destinations

a) Which world sporting events attract the most visitors?

1 ……………………………………………….. 2 …………………………………………..……

3 ……………………………………………….. 4 ……………………………………………..…

W
b) Which sporting events in your country attract the most visitors?

E
1 ……………………………………………….. 2 …………………………………………..……

I
3 ……………………………………………….. 4 ……………………………………………..…

V
. co
l s

E
c) Give four examples of educational tourism - that you have been involved in?

o o
1 ………………………………………………..

c h
2 …………………………………………..……

R
o r s
f
3 ……………………………………………….. 4 ……………………………………………..…

P
rce
u
d) Give four reasons why schools offer trips for their students

o
res 29 of 73

.
1 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………..

w w
2 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………..

w
3 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………..

4 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………..

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 IGCSE Cambridge Travel & Tourism 2. Features of worldwide destinations

2.3 Investigate travel & tourism destinations

Nature of destinations
Multiple use - where tourist facilities in destinations are available for the local population

Activity 16 Complete the table below

Tourist attraction How many times have you or your family visited?
List 10 attractions in your area
many times a few times once never

1.____________________________________
many times a few times once never

W
2. ____________________________________
many times a few times once never

I E
3. ____________________________________
many times a few times once never

V
4. ____________________________________

. co
l s
many times a few times once never

E
o o
h
5. ____________________________________

R
s
many times a few times once never

f o r
s

P
6. ____________________________________

rce many times a few times once never

ou
7. ____________________________________

res many times a few times once never

w.
w
8. ____________________________________

w
many times a few times once never

9. ____________________________________
many times a few times once never

10. ___________________________________

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IGCSE Cambridge Travel & Tourism 2. Features of worldwide destinations

2.3 Investigate travel & tourism destinations

17 Nature of destinations

Choosing a destination

Choosing a destination is a complex process, some of which we are aware of, some of which
we are less aware of.

+ . previous experience - as a child, with family or friends

. advertising & promotions - from tour operators, tourist

. recommendations - from family, friends or colleagues

W
. experience of destination - from work or school trips

. personal preferences - where people want to visit

I E
. culture - something new to explore . social media - what people see & hear

_RE
m

V
. co
s
Choosing
a holiday
o l
h o
r s c
f o
. social media - bad things people see & hear

P
rce . money - how much money for a holiday

ou
s
. family - size of family, age of family members

re
31 of 73

w.
. time off - how much time off from work

w w . health - how healthy people are for types of tourism

. transport - types of transport people don’t like

. culture - what people don’t like about an area of country - crime, hassle when shopping etc

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 IGCSE Cambridge Travel & Tourism 2. Features of worldwide destinations

2.3 Investigate travel & tourism destinations

Activity 17 Complete the table below

Positive Negative

Family Where do your family like to go Where do your family not like to go

Recommended Recommended places Places not recommended

Social media

I E W
What places do you see Where does not look so good

V
. co
l s

E
o o
c h

R
Crime Places that are safe Places that are not safe

o r s
sf

P
rce
ou
s
Transport Transport you like Transport you avoid

.re
w w
Advertising
w What places do you see advertised Popular places you never see advertised
Promotion

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IGCSE Cambridge Travel & Tourism 2. Features of worldwide destinations

2.3 Investigate travel & tourism destinations

18 Tourist destinations as amalgams

Tourist destination amalgam, is everything a visitor uses & experiences.

Transport
Accommodation

Shopping

Location

Food & Beverage

I E W m

V
Destination Culture
Amalgam

. co
l s

E
o o
c h

R
Natural environment

o r s History

sf

P
rce
ou
res 33 of 73

w.
Entertainment
Tour operators

w w
Attractions

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 IGCSE Cambridge Travel & Tourism 2. Features of worldwide destinations

2.3 Investigate travel & tourism destinations

19 Implications of viewing destinations as amalgams

Tourist destination amalgams are very complicated but very important for visitors and for
effect they have on the local population.

A destination amalgam can be seen as being like a brand

. Attractions The more attractive the brand, the more people want
to visit the destination.

}
. Accessibility
Like all brands destinations need to meet the needs of
. Available packages the visitor.

W
. Activities Needs change & destinations need to change with
them, or they get overtaken by others.

E
. Ancillary services

I
Managing the brand

V
. co
s
With so many different parts to a tourist destination & experience it can be difficult to control

E
o
& keep standards high.

h o
c

R
Destinations hope to get the mix of activities and attractions to create an experience that

r s
visitors want to repeat over and over again.

o
sf

P
rce
What is the Dubai brand?

u
Activity 18

es o
w.r
……………………………………………………………………………………………………..

w w
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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IGCSE Cambridge Travel & Tourism 2. Features of worldwide destinations

2.3 Investigate travel & tourism destinations

Review 2.3 Write up to six summaries and list the key words/terms for this topic

Summaries
1 2

3 4

I E W 6

V
. co
l s

E
o o
c h

R
Key words/terms
o r s
sf

P
rce
ou
res 35 of 73

w.
ww

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 IGCSE Cambridge Travel & Tourism 2. Features of worldwide destinations

2.3 Investigate travel & tourism destinations

Activity 20 Answer the exam style questions

a. Give four reasons why people choose a destination? (4)

1 ……………………………………………….. 2 …………………………………………..……

3 ……………………………………………….. 4 ……………………………………………..…

W
b . Give four reasons why people may not choose a destination? (4)

E
1 ……………………………………………….. 2 …………………………………………..……

I
3 ……………………………………………….. 4 ……………………………………………..…

V
. co
l s

E
o
c . Explain how social media influences people when it comes to deciding on a destination? (6)

o
c h

R
s
….……………………………………………………..…………………………………………..……

f o r
s

P
………………………………………………………………………………………………..………..

rce
u
….……………………………………………………..…………………………………………..……

es o
r
………………………………………………………………………………………………..………..

w.
w
….……………………………………………………..…………………………………………..……

w
………………………………………………………………………………………………..………..

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IGCSE Cambridge Travel & Tourism 2. Features of worldwide destinations

2.3 Investigate travel & tourism destinations

Activity 20 Answer the exam style questions

d . Give three reasons why people choose Dubai as their holiday destination (6)

1….……………………………………………………..…………………………………………..……

..………………………………………………………………………………………………..………..

….……………………………………………………..……………………..……………………..……

2 ………………………………………………………………………………………………..………..

W
..….……………………………………………………..…………………………………………..……

E
………………………………………………………………………………………………..………….

I
3 ………………………………………………………………………………………………..………..

V
o
..….……………………………………………………..…………………………………………..……

l s . c

E
o
………………………………………………………………………………………………..………….

h o
c

R
s
e . What is a specialist destination? (2)

f o r
s

P
..………………………………………………………………………………………………..………..

rce
u
….……………………………………………………..……………………..……………………..……

es o
f. Give two examples of specialist destinations (4)

r
37 of 73

w.
w
1….……………………………………………………..…………………………………………..……

w
………………………………………………………………………………………………..………….

.2 .….……………………………………………………..…………………………………………..…

………………………………………………………………………………………………..………….

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 IGCSE Cambridge Travel & Tourism 2. Features of worldwide destinations

2.4 Identify & describe the features which attract tourists to particular destinations

20 Features of location identified and described using reference sources

Key features have been identified as making a destination attractive for tourists
- each person has his/her own personal reasons, but the following are most common

Outdoor activities
Weather
Landscape
& scenery

I E W Key features
Wildlife

V
o
Food & Drink of a
destination

l s . c

E
o o
c h

R
o r s
sf

P
rce Accommodation

ou
s
Festivals
& events

.re Historical & cultural

w w attractions

w
Entertainment Modern amenities

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IGCSE Cambridge Travel & Tourism 2. Features of worldwide destinations

2.4 Identify & describe the features which attract tourists to particular destinations

Activity 21 Give examples under each heading for a chosen destination

Destination: _______________________

Outdoor activities
Weather Landscape & scenery

1. ____________________ 1. ____________________ 1. ____________________

2. ____________________ 2. ____________________ 2. ____________________

W
3. ____________________ 3. ____________________ 3. ____________________

Food & Drink

VI E Historical &
cultural attractions
o m
Accommodation

l s . c

E
1. ____________________ 1. ____________________

o o1. ____________________
2. ____________________ 2. ____________________

c h 2. ____________________

R
3. ____________________ 3. ____________________

o r s 3. ____________________

sf

P
rce
ou
res 39 of 73

w.
Festivals & events Entertainment Modern amenities

w w
1. ____________________ 1. ____________________ 1. ____________________
2. ____________________ 2. ____________________ 2. ____________________
3. ____________________ 3. ____________________ 3. ____________________

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 IGCSE Cambridge Travel & Tourism 2. Features of worldwide destinations

2.4 Identify & describe the features which attract tourists to particular destinations

21 Reasons why certain tourists might not be attracted to a location

Anti social behaviour

Prices at
destination
Level of crime

I E W Concerns Pollution

V
o
about a

Over crowding
destination

l s . c

E
o o
c h

R
o r s
sf

P
Cost & quality of

rce accommodation

Terrorism
ou
res
w. Natural hazards

w w
Over built
Accessibility Over commercialisation

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 IGCSE Cambridge Travel & Tourism 2. Features of worldwide destinations

2.4 Identify & describe the features which attract tourists to particular destinations

Activity 22 Give examples under each heading for a chosen destination

Destination: _______________________

Level of crime Anti social activities Prices

1. ____________________ 1. ____________________ 1. ____________________

2. ____________________ 2. ____________________ 2. ____________________

W
3. ____________________ 3. ____________________ 3. ____________________

Overcrowding

VI E Pollution

l s . co m
Natural hazards

E
1. ____________________ 1. ____________________
o o1. ____________________

c h

R
2. ____________________ 2. ____________________ 2. ____________________
3. ____________________
o r s
3. ____________________ 3. ____________________

sf

P
rce
ou
res 41 of 73

Accessibility
w. Over built Cost of

w w
1. ____________________ 1. ____________________
accommodation
1. ____________________
2. ____________________ 2. ____________________ 2. ____________________
3. ____________________ 3. ____________________ 3. ____________________

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 IGCSE Cambridge Travel & Tourism 2. Features of worldwide destinations

2.4 Identify & describe the features which attract tourists to particular destinations

Research 5 tourist destinations with the worst crime and give

Activity 23
suggestions on how tourist can be safe in these paces

Worst tourist destinations for crime

Place Types of crime

1. ____________________________ ____________________________________________________

2. ____________________________ ____________________________________________________

W
3. ____________________________ ____________________________________________________

E
4. ____________________________ ____________________________________________________

I
5. ____________________________ ____________________________________________________

V
. co
l s

E
o o
h
Ways for tourists to avoid crime

R
o r s
sf

P
1. ____________________________ ____________________________________________________

rce
u
2. ____________________________ ____________________________________________________

es o
r
3. ____________________________ ____________________________________________________

w.
w
4. ____________________________ ____________________________________________________

w
5. ____________________________ ____________________________________________________

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IGCSE Cambridge Travel & Tourism 2. Features of worldwide destinations

2.4 Identify & describe the features which attract tourists to particular destinations

22 Reasons why different types of tourists are attracted to certain locations

. Purpose of visit - reasons why people go to certain location.

. Purpose of a visit can be very complicated as destinations often offer many different things.
. The tourist industry often divide people into segments (groups).
. International tourists are grouped according to age and economic status (wealth).

Activity 23 For each market segment, give examples of type facilities they may want

Market segment Types of facilities they may need or want

Backpackers
Young people 18 -25

W
Cheap travelling
Often before Uni

E
Youth Market

I
Young people 18 - 25
Party, good time

V
Not much money

. co
l s
DINKY

E
o
Young couples no kids
Good income

h o
c

R
o r s
sf

P
Families
Families

rce
Children focussed

ou
res 43 of 73

.
Empty nesters

w
w
Aged 45 -55

w
Children left home
- high income

Grey market
55 + good income
Look for value

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 IGCSE Cambridge Travel & Tourism 2. Features of worldwide destinations

2.4 Identify & describe the features which attract tourists to particular destinations

Activity 24 For each market segment, give examples of type of holidays they may want

Hostels All inclusive Activities City tours Winter sports

Camping Bed & breakfast Sight seeing Sun
1 - 5 * Hotels Cruising Theme parks Beaches

Market segment Types of holiday and places

Backpackers
Young people 18 -25

W
Cheap travelling
Often before Uni

E
Youth Market

I
Young people 18 - 25
Party, good time

V
Not much money

. co
l s
DINKY

E
o
Young couples no kids
Good income

h o
c

R
o r s
sf

P
Families
Families

rc
Children focussede
ou
res
.
Empty nesters

w
w
Aged 45 -55

w
Children left home
- high income

Grey market
55 + good income
Look for value

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IGCSE Cambridge Travel & Tourism 2. Features of worldwide destinations

2.4 Identify & describe the features which attract tourists to particular destinations

23 Reasons why different types of tourists are attracted to certain locations

Cultural tourism

. Purpose of visit - to explore the culture of other people and countries

historic sites and monuments museums and galleries religion arts and crafts

dance

I E W
natural heritage music

m
food

V
Business tourism
. co
l s

E
o
. Purpose of visit - to meet for business reasons - conferences, exhibitions, meetings, etc
. It is one of the fastest growing sectors of the tourism industry

h o
c

R
Example: Dubai

o r s
sf

P
rce
ou
res 45 of 73
location

w. business hotels conferences - exhibition facilities

w w
. Dubai has all the facilities needed.
. Can hold 60+ meetings at a time
. Number of govt. & businesses organisations
specialise in business tourism
. Range of hotels . Experts in organising events]
. Hotels have a range of business related . Incentive travel - rewards for employees -
services - multi-media, meeting rooms, Dubai has a lot to offer
business centres

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 IGCSE Cambridge Travel & Tourism 2. Features of worldwide destinations

2.4 Identify & describe the features which attract tourists to particular destinations

24 Reasons why different types of tourists are attracted to certain locations

Religious tourism
Religious tourism or faith tourism is where people travel for pilgrimage, to religious sites or
for other spiritual reasons. According to World Tourism Organisation, up to 330 million
people for religious reasons.

E W
Ranakpur Temple, India Pilgrimage to Mecca St. Basil’s Cathedral, Moscow

. Religious tourism often

involves visiting mosques,

VI . A religious pilgrimages
cover all religions: Islam,
. co m
. Religious sites and
shrines number in their

l s

E
temples, churches etc as Christianity, Buddhism, hundreds around the
part of a holiday Hinduism, Sikhism etc.
o o
world.

c h. Visitors to these may

R
experience.
Often part of culture

o r s. Religious camps, have holidays specific to

f
tourism meetings and conferences these places or as part of

P
e
. e.g Jumeirah mosque happen all over the world holiday

urc
es o
w.r
w w
Vatican City, Italy Religious conference Buddhist temple

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IGCSE Cambridge Travel & Tourism 2. Features of worldwide destinations

2.4 Identify & describe the features which attract tourists to particular destinations

Activity 25 For two types of tourism write a postcard home explaining what you did.

______
POSTCARD
__ __ ____ ____ __ __ __ ____________________
____
____ ____
____________________
____________________
__
______ To: __________________
____ __ ____ ____ __ ______________________
____
___
______ Address: ____________
__ __ ______ ____ __ ______________________
____

W
___
______ ____________________
__ __ ____ ____ __ __ __ ____________________
____
___
____________________

E
______
__ __ __ ____________________

I
________ __ __ ____
______
__ ______ ____ __ __ __ ____________________
____

V
. co
l s

E
o o
h
rsc
____________________

R
______ ____________________
__ POSTCARD
____________________

sf o

P
______ ____________________
__
____________________
rce
____________________

u
________ To: __________________

o
__
____________________

res ____________________
________ 47 of 73

.
Address: ____________
___

w w
____________________
____________________
________ ____________________

w
___
____________________
____________________
__ ______ ____________________
___
____________________
______ ____________________
__

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 IGCSE Cambridge Travel & Tourism 2. Features of worldwide destinations

2.4 Identify & describe the features which attract tourists to particular destinations

25 The influence of physical features on the opportunities and constraints

for the development of tourism

The physical or natural features of a location can provide tourist opportunities

Mountain tourism
Mountain tourism has boomed in recent years to over 50 million people p.a. Traditional
mountain holidays like skiing, climbing and walking have always been popular, but now
many extreme sports have become very popular e.g .hang gliding, mountain biking.

Skiing, Canada

I E W Cimbing Base jumping

V
o
. Mountain tourism is now . Extreme mountain sports . Mountain tourism can
year-round. are now common:
. c
also include health spas in

l s

E
. Winter snow provides a . base jumping both summer and winter
range of activities, like . mountain biking
o o
. Golf, tennis and other

c h

R
skiing, snowboarding and . paragliding sports are available in the
tobogganing
r s
. free climbing

o
summer months

f
. Summer activities include . downhill running

P
e
walking, mountain biking
or more extreme sports

urc
es o
w.r
w w
Mountain walking, Austria Paragliding, South Africa Mountain biking

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IGCSE Cambridge Travel & Tourism 2. Features of worldwide destinations

2.4 Identify & describe the features which attract tourists to particular destinations

26 The influence of physical features on the opportunities and constraints

for the development of tourism

Mountain tourism Example: Whistler, Canada

mountain activities at Whistler

Mountain tourism based on activities: . Focus on health and well being

W
. Winter: . Clean air
skiing, snowboarding, cross-country skiing . Stunning scenery
. Summer: . Local culture

E
. hiking, mountain biking, paragliding, . Extreme sports

I
river sports (rafting, kayaking etc),
Mountain resorts now all year round

V
. co
s
Ski resort Visitors

E
o
. No. 1 Resort in North America . 2.1 million visits
. Host Winter Olympics 2010
h o
. 63% regional, 37% long haul

R
. ski areas - 3307 hectares . Ski tickets - 61% short, 39% seasonal
. ski runs - 200

o r s
sf

P
. lifts - 37 (65,000 pph) Revenues

Employment
rce Winter (Nov-May) 85%
Summer (June-Oct) 15%

ou
. 11,000 permanent workers Total: US$ 235 million

es
. 4,000 temporary workers

r
49 of 73

w.
w
Whistler Resort Community

w
. accommodation - 5* hotels to hostels . public areas (plazas and parks)
. food and beverage - 150 . theatres
. retail - 250 . play areas
. health services . libraries
. real estate . cultural centres

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 IGCSE Cambridge Travel & Tourism 2. Features of worldwide destinations

2.4 Identify & describe the features which attract tourists to particular destinations

The influence of physical features on the opportunities and constraints

26
for the development of tourism

Mountain tourism

Development of the Whistler resort

1980s
. Growth of resort
development of ski areas, infrastructure, real estate

1990s
. Growth of resort
limit to 55,000 beds, development of environment, study of impact

E W
2000s

I
. Resort sustainability
focus on community, sustainability and environment

V
2010s

. co
l s
. Resort resilience

E
o
Winter Olympics Host 2010

h o
Long term community sustainability plan: social, economic, environmental

R
o r s
sf Whistler Resort

P
Tourism

rce Community

u
. first class mountain experiences . resort community
. marketing of resort

es o
. development of the brand
. planning for the community
. local services and infrastructure

.r
. events and festivals

w
Constraints w w
. Very dependent upon winter sports for income
. Dependent upon snowfall for those winter sports
. Environmental impact and sustainability

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IGCSE Cambridge Travel & Tourism 2. Features of worldwide destinations

2.4 Identify & describe the features which attract tourists to particular destinations

27 The influence of physical features on the opportunities and constraints

for the development of tourism

The physical or natural features of a location can provide tourist opportunities

Volcano and geothermal tourism

Volcanoes have attracted people for hundreds of years. Geothermal features have been
popular not just to view but also for improving health. Spas are often located here.

Geothermal springs and spa,

I E W
Geyser at Yellowstone Park, USA Mud baths in New Zealand

V
Iceland

. co
. Volcano tourism can be
l s

E
. Volcano tourism includes . Geothermal tourism
individuals and groups walking, exploring nature

o o
includes exploring

h
doing it on their own and viewing volcanoes geothermal features,

R
s
or which are often more
. Guided visits with

f o r accessible than volcanoes.

P
experienced tour guides - . Many geothermal
often geologists or

rce features can have health

u
volcanologists benefits

es o
r
51 of 73

w.
w w
Mount Etna, Italy Lava lake at Erta Ale in Ethiopia

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 IGCSE Cambridge Travel & Tourism 2. Features of worldwide destinations

2.4 Identify & describe the features which attract tourists to particular destinations

For two types of mountain tourism write a postcard home explaining what
Activity 26
you did.

______
POSTCARD
__ __ __ __ ____ __ ____ ____________________
____
__ ____
__ __ __ __ ____ __ ____ ____________________
____
__
______ To: __________________
__ __ ____ ____ __ ____ ____________________
____
___
________ Address: ____________
__ __ __ ____ ____ __ ______________________
__

W
___
________ ____________________
__ __ __ __ ____ __ __ __ ____________________
__
___
____________________

E
________
__ __ __ ____________________

I
__ __ ______ ____
______
__ ____________________
____________________

V
. co
l s

E
o o
____________________
h
rsc
R
____________________
________ POSTCARD
____________________

sf o
____________________

P
________
____________________
rce
____________________

u
________ To: __________________

o
__

s
____________________

e
____________________

r
________

.
Address: ____________
___

w
____________________
____________________

w
________ ____________________

w
__ _
____________________
____________________
________ ____________________
__ _
____________________
____________________
________

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IGCSE Cambridge Travel & Tourism 2. Features of worldwide destinations

2.4 Identify & describe the features which attract tourists to particular destinations

The influence of physical features on the opportunities and constraints

28
for the development of tourism

Coastal tourism
Coast includes, beaches, cliffs, rocks, estuaries and coral reefs
Much of the costal tourism is based upon: sun, beaches, sea and scenic views

W
Sunbathing beaches Variety of water-sports

I E
Sun & beaches Sea Scenic views

m
. sunbathing water based activities: . coastal location often

V
. sand play . swimming
o
offer scenic views which

. c
s
. volleyball . jetski attract visitors

E
o
. tidal pools . windsurfing . cliff top walking
. picnics & bbqs . kite surfing
o
. bird watching

h
c

R
. beachside restaurants . sea kayaking . wildlife watching

r s
. boat rides

o
sf
. fishing trips

P
rce
. snorkelling & diving

ou
res 53 of 73

w.
w w
Cliff top walking Diving Children catching crabs in a
river estuary

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 IGCSE Cambridge Travel & Tourism 2. Features of worldwide destinations

2.4 Identify & describe the features which attract tourists to particular destinations

The influence of physical features on the opportunities and constraints

29
for the development of tourism

Coastal tourism
Much of the coastal tourism is based upon:
. sun, sea and sand + attractions

Example: Blackpool

W
beach accommodation attractions exhibitions

I E
Facts
. Population: 142,000

V
. Employment: 87% services
(low paid and temporary)

. co
s
. 24,000 jobs in tourism

E
o
. Accommodation: 91,000 bed units
. Visitors: 18 million (2016)
h o
c

R
Income: £1.44 billion

o r s
sf

P
e
Seasons: (May - Sept) sun, sea and beach

rc
(Aug - Nov) Blackpool Illuminations (Light show)

u
o
. Pleasure Beach:

res
40+ attractions

.
inc. rollercoasters + Pier

w w
. Conferences (all year)
. Events: music, shows, comedy etc

w
Blackpool tower Blackpool
(copied from Eiffel Tower) Pleasure Beach

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IGCSE Cambridge Travel & Tourism 2. Features of worldwide destinations

2.4 Identify & describe the features which attract tourists to particular destinations

The influence of physical features on the opportunities and constraints

29
for the development of tourism

Development of Blackpool

1800 - 1850
. Beginning of Blackpool as a tourist resort
Rich people visited beach until 1846 railway, made it quick and cheap to get to there

1850 - 1900 (3 million)

. Growth of resort - building of pier and tower
workers have a annual holiday

W
1900 - 1950 (16 million)
. Resort reaches its peak - Pleasure Beach built

E
holidays with pay

I
1950 - 2000

V
. Resort in decline

. co
cheap flights and holidays abroad = people fly to hotter countries in Europe

l s

E
infrastructure in decline - bad reputation

o o
c h

R
2000 -
. Rejuvenated

o r s
f
£300 milion rejuvenation programme

P
e
St.John Square + Shopping centre + Lighting project + steps down to beach

urc
es o
r
55 of 73
Constraints
w.
w
. Weather in Blackpool compared to other European countries

w
. Competition from UK resorts
. Quality of the product/services

52 of 70 C Rashid School for Boys 2019 v.1

 IGCSE Cambridge Travel & Tourism 2. Features of worldwide destinations

2.4 Identify & describe the features which attract tourists to particular destinations

For two types of coastal tourism write a postcard to a friend explaining

Activity 27
what you did

______
POSTCARD
__ __ __ __ ____ __ ____ ____________________
____
__ ____
__ __ __ __ ____ __ ____ ____________________
____
__
______ To: __________________
__ __ ____ ____ __ ____ ____________________
____
___
________ Address: ____________
__ __ __ ____ ____ __ ______________________
__

W
___
________ ____________________
__ __ __ __ ____ __ __ __ ____________________
__
___
____________________

E
________
__ __ __ ____________________

I
__ __ ______ ____
______
__ ____________________
____________________

V
. co
l s

E
o o
____________________
h
rsc
R
____________________
________ POSTCARD
____________________

sf o
____________________

P
________
____________________
rce
____________________

u
________ To: __________________

o
__

s
____________________

e
____________________

r
________

.
Address: ____________
___

w
____________________
____________________

w
________ ____________________

w
__ _
____________________
____________________
________ ____________________
__ _
____________________
____________________
________

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IGCSE Cambridge Travel & Tourism 2. Features of worldwide destinations

2.4 Identify & describe the features which attract tourists to particular destinations

30 The influence of physical features on the opportunities and constraints

for the development of tourism

Inland water
Inland water can include rivers, creeks, canal, lakes and marsh land.
People have always been attracted to water and water-based holidays.

Canal tourism
These man-made waterways are common in many European countries including the UK,
Italy, France and the Netherlands.

W
Canals attract people wanting to boat, fish and those interested in the canal-side wildlife

VI E l s . co m

E
o o
h
rsc
R
Canal cruising in Amsterdam Gondola on Venice canal Canal boat holiday

sf o

P
. Canal cruises are common
rce . Gondolas are very popular . Canal boating is very

u
in many countries in Venice and necessary to popular

s o
. These may be day cruises or

e
get around the water city. . Canals are safer than rivers

r
. Every tourist in Venice has a . The canal network
57 of 73 is over

.
evening dinner cruises
gondola trip 2,000 miles in the UK

w w
w
. Canal side activities include:
. walking
. cycling
. wildlife
. fishing

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 IGCSE Cambridge Travel & Tourism 2. Features of worldwide destinations

2.4 Identify & describe the features which attract tourists to particular destinations

31 The influence of physical features on the opportunities and constraints

for the development of tourism

The physical or natural features of a location can provide tourist opportunities

Lake tourism
Lakes attract tourists especially in countries or areas many miles away from the coast

W
Kayaking on the lake Lakeside resort Lakeside fishing

I E
. Water-sports on lakes are . Lake fishing can be day . Tracks often go around
common, sometimes activity or a holiday the lake.

m
. Walking/running

V
motorised often not . Fishermen will travel for
. Sailing their own enjoyment or . Cycling

. co
s
. Kayak/canoeing competition . Wildlife opportunities

E
o
. Swimming . Some lakes are
. Windsurfing specifically stocked with
h o . Accommodation may be

R
. Waterskiing etc certain types of fish for located lakeside

o r s
competitions . Children’s activity camps

sf

P
Beaches & grass areas particularly in the USA are
. sunbathing
. picnics & bbqs
rce often located by lakes

ou
res
w.
w w
Paddle boarding Camping next to the lake Summer camp for kids

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IGCSE Cambridge Travel & Tourism 2. Features of worldwide destinations

2.4 Identify & describe the features which attract tourists to particular destinations

32 The influence of physical features on the opportunities and constraints

for the development of tourism

River tourism
Rivers across the world attract people wanting to boat, fish and those interested in the
riverside wildlife

W
Cruising on the river Danube River fishing River rafting

I E
. River cruises are common . River fishing can be day . Different ways of getting

m
in many countries activity or a holiday down a river are popular

V
. These may be day cruises . Fishermen will travel for
o
tourist activities

. c
s
or evening dinner cruises their own enjoyment or . Rafting

E
o
. Along some of the longer competition . Kayaking
rivers the cruise can be for

h o
. Canoeing

R
several days or longer . Boating
. Tourists can hire their

o r s + swimming
own boats to cruise the
sf

P
rivers

rce
ou
res 59 of 73

w.
w w
Boat hire Tourists on the river in Vietnam Kayaking on the river

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 IGCSE Cambridge Travel & Tourism 2. Features of worldwide destinations

2.4 Identify & describe the features which attract tourists to particular destinations

33 The influence of physical features on the opportunities and constraints

for the development of tourism

Creek tourism
Water features across the world attract people wanting to boat, fish and those interested
in the riverside wildlife

E W
Hotels by the Creek Water taxis Dinner cruises

I
. Dubai Creek is a 14km inlet of seawater . Sea end is the Heritage & Diving Village -

V
o
. Separates Bur Dubai and Diera showing local traditions & culture
. Been the ‘heart’ of Dubai
s . c
. End of the Creek is the Ras Al Khor Bird

E
o
. Creek dredged in 1960s & 1970s to allow Sanctuary (88 species) - with hides for
larger dhows to enter birdwatching

h o
c

R
. One tunnel underneath and three bridges

r
over the creek (plus the floating bridge)

o s
. New wharfs for trading ships

sf

P
rce
ou
res
w.
w w
Flamingos at Wharfage Dubai Heritage & Diving village
Ras Al Khor wildlife sanctuary

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IGCSE Cambridge Travel & Tourism 2. Features of worldwide destinations

2.4 Identify & describe the features which attract tourists to particular destinations

33 The influence of physical features on the opportunities and constraints

for the development of tourism

Creek tourism
Water features across the world attract people wanting to boat, fish and those interested
in the riverside wildlife

W
Creekside park Dubai Creek Golf and Yacht Club

VI E
. Creekside facilities include: Creekside park
with cable car; Dubai Creek and Yacht Club;
promenade along much of the length of the
. Recent developments include:

o m
. Dubai Festival City by Al Futtaim - mixed
use: mall, 5* hotels, restaurants

l s . c

E
o
creek on both sides . Al Seef by Meraas - mixed use: small

o
boutique hotels, retail & restaurants

h
c

R
. One half is traditional architecture, with

o r s wind-towers etc and the other is made up of

sf very modern buildings

P
rce
ou
res 61 of 73

w.
w w
Fishing in the Creek Al Seef development on Dubai Creek Dubai Festival City
- retail, small hotels and restaurants . Mall, 5* hotels, restaurants
(Meraas) (Al Futtaim)

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 IGCSE Cambridge Travel & Tourism 2. Features of worldwide destinations

2.4 Identify & describe the features which attract tourists to particular destinations

For two types of inland waterway tourism write a postcard to a friend

Activity 28
explaining what you did

______
POSTCARD
__ __ __ __ ____ __ ____ ____________________
____
__ ____
__ __ __ __ ____ __ ____ ____________________
____
__
______ To: __________________
__ __ ____ ____ __ ____ ____________________
____
___
________ Address: ____________
__ __ __ ____ ____ __ ______________________
__

W
___
________ ____________________
__ __ __ __ ____ __ __ __ ____________________
__
___
____________________

E
________
__ __ __ ____________________

I
__ __ ______ ____
______
__ ____________________
____________________

V
. co
l s

E
o o
____________________
h
rsc
R
____________________
________ POSTCARD
____________________

sf o
____________________

P
________
____________________
rce
____________________

u
________ To: __________________

o
__

s
____________________

e
____________________

r
________

.
Address: ____________
___

w
____________________
____________________

w
________ ____________________

w
__ _
____________________
____________________
________ ____________________
__ _
____________________
____________________
________

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IGCSE Cambridge Travel & Tourism 2. Features of worldwide destinations

2.4 Identify & describe the features which attract tourists to particular destinations

Design a holiday resort next to an inland water feature - lake, river or creek.
Activity 29
Label your design to show the different accommodation & activities etc

I E W m

V
. co
l s

E
o o
c h

R
o r s
sf

P
rce
ou
res 63 of 73

w.
w w

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 IGCSE Cambridge Travel & Tourism 2. Features of worldwide destinations

2.4 Identify & describe the features which attract tourists to particular destinations

Activity 30 Answer the exam questions below

a. List four reasons why people choose a mountain for a holiday (4)

1…………………………………………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

2…………………………………………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

W
3…………………………………………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

I E
4…………………………………………………………………………………………………….

m
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

V
. co
l s

E
o o
c h

R
r s
b. Give two reasons why a family might prefer a lakeside destination to a coastal destination

o
sf

P
for a holiday (4)

rce
1…………………………………………………………………………………………………….

ou
es
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

r
w.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

w w
2…………………………………………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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IGCSE Cambridge Travel & Tourism 2. Features of worldwide destinations

2.4 Identify & describe the features which attract tourists to particular destinations

Activity 30 Answer the exam questions below

c. Describe three features of a lakeside tourist destination (6)

1…………………………………………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

2…………………………………………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

W
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

E
3…………………………………………………………………………………………………….

I
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

V
o
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

l s . c

E
d. Describe three features of a coastal tourist destination (6)

o o
c h

R
s
1…………………………………………………………………………………………………….

f o r
s

P
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

rce
u
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

es o
2…………………………………………………………………………………………………….

r
65 of 73

w.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

w w
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

3…………………………………………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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 IGCSE Cambridge Travel & Tourism 2. Features of worldwide destinations

2.4 Identify & describe the features which attract tourists to particular destinations

34 The influence of physical features on the opportunities and constraints

for the development of tourism

Sustainable tourism

According to the World Tourism Organization, sustainable tourism is:

“Tourism that takes full account of its current and future economic, social and
environmental impacts, addressing the needs of visitors, the industry, the environment,
and host communities"

According to www.greentourism.com sustainable tourism should:

1. Make the best use of environmental resources that are important in tourism development,
keeping ecological processes and helping to conserve natural heritage and biodiversity.

W
2. Respect the socio-culture of the local people, keep their built and living cultural heritage

E
and traditional values, and help inter-cultural understanding and tolerance.

I
3. Ensure viable, long-term economic operations, providing socio-economic benefits to all

m
stakeholders that are fairly distributed, including stable employment and income-earning

V
opportunities and social services to local people, and help reduce poverty.

. co
l s

E
Survey of hotels in Europe found that:

o o
c h

R
o r s
sf

P
rce
ou
res
w.
w w

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IGCSE Cambridge Travel & Tourism 2. Features of worldwide destinations

2.4 Identify & describe the features which attract tourists to particular destinations

35 The influence of physical features on the opportunities and constraints

for the development of tourism

The twelve main goals for sustainable tourism laid out in 2005 by the World Tourism
Organization and the United Nations Environment Program are as follows:

1. Economic Viability: tourist destinations be profitable in the future

2. Local Prosperity:make sure local people share in the money created from tourism

3. Employment Quality: good quality jibs, paying good wages, with good working conditions,
health care etc

4. Equality: treat everyone equally and fairly - no discrimination

W
5. Visitor Fulfilment: give tourists a good time

I E
6. Local Control: involve the local communities in planning and decision making about the
management and future development of tourism in their area,

V
o
7. Community Wellbeing: improve quality of life in local communities

l s . c

E
9. Cultural Richness: To respect and enhance the historic heritage, culture and traditions

o o
h
9. Physical Integrity: To maintain and enhance the quality of landscapes, both urban and rural,

R
s
and avoid the physical and visual degradation of the environment

f o r
s

P
10. Biological Diversity: to support the conservation of natural areas, habitats and wildlife,
and minimise damage to them

rce
ou
s
11. Resource Efficiency: to minimise the use of scarce and non-renewable resources in the

re
development and operation of tourism facilities and services 67 of 73

w.
w
12. Environmental Purity: to minimise the pollution of air, water and land and the generation

w
of waste by tourism businesses and visitors.

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 IGCSE Cambridge Travel & Tourism 2. Features of worldwide destinations

2.4 Identify & describe the features which attract tourists to particular destinations

Activity 31 Rank the top eight sustainability goals - explain your decision

Rank Sustainability goal Explanation

W
3

VI E l s . co m

E
o o
c h

R
5

o r s
sf

P
rce
6
ou
res
w.
7
w w
8

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IGCSE Cambridge Travel & Tourism 2. Features of worldwide destinations

2.4 Identify & describe the features which attract tourists to particular destinations

36 The influence of physical features on the opportunities and constraints

for the development of tourism
Examples of sustainable tourism

1. Bhutan Taken from www.sumas.ch

Controlled tourism in Bhutan
Bhutan, located in the East of the Himalayas, is known as one of the happiest
countries in the world. The country has kept its traditional way of life, which has
meant that the people’s sustainable way of life has remained.

Bhutan’s tourism is based on the idea of

“high value, low impact”. This has been
achieved by having strict entry requirements
and a daily visitor tariff (fee). The daily tariff

W
includes necessary expenses for the visit such
as accommodation, a licensed tour guide,

E
meals and hiking equipment. A large part

I
of the tariff, however, is used to maintain and
develop the country’s infrastructure, as well as
contribute towards Bhutan’s free health care and education.

V
. co
l s

E
o
2. Fiji Taken from www.sumas.ch
A solar powered resort in Fiji

h o
c

R
Six Senses Fiji, located on the tropical Malolo Island, is a five star resort with sustainable

r s
luxury and cultural awareness at its core. The resort runs on 100% solar power,

o
sf
equipped with rainwater capture and its own onsite water-filtration system to eliminate

P
rce
the use of single-use plastic bottles. The resort aims to be as low-waste as possible,
encouraging the principles of reuse whilst also practicing recycling and composting with

ou
a “worm-based septic system” and growing as much of its own herbs and vegetables as
possible.

res 69 of 73

w.
All handiwork and artwork at the hotel has been

ww
made by local villagers and the hotel
supports the Rise Beyond the Reef Charity
which aims to bridge “the divide between
remote communities, government and the
private sector in the South Pacific, sustainably
creating a better world for women and children.”

66 of 70 C Rashid School for Boys 2019 v.1

 IGCSE Cambridge Travel & Tourism 2. Features of worldwide destinations

2.4 Identify & describe the features which attract tourists to particular destinations

Activity 32 Read the two examples of sustainable tourism and highlight the mistakes

1. Bhutan Taken from www.sumas.ch

Controlled tourism in Bhutan
Bhutan, located in the West of the Himalayas, is known as one of the happiest
countries in the world. The country has changed its way of life, which has meant that
the people’s sustainable way of life has remained.

Bhutan’s tourism is based on the idea of

“high value, low impact”. This has been
achieved by having as many tourists as
possible paying a tariff (fee). The daily tariff

W
includes necessary expenses for the visit such
as accommodation, a licensed tour guide,

E
meals and hiking equipment. A small part

I
of the tariff, however, is used to maintain and
develop the country’s infrastructure, as well as
contribute towards Bhutan’s free health care and education.

V
. co
l s

E
o
2. Fiji Taken from www.sumas.ch
A solar powered resort in Fiji

h o
c

R
Six Senses Fiji, located on the tropical Malolo Island, is a ffour star resort with

r s
sustainable luxury and cultural awareness at its core. The resort runs on 50% solar

o
sf
power, equipped with rainwater capture and its own onsite water-filtration system to

P
rce
eliminate the use of single-use plastic bottles. The resort aims to be as low-waste as
possible, encouraging the principles of reuse whilst also practicing recycling and

ou
composting with a “worm-based septic system” and bringing in the best herbs and

es
vegetables from around the world.

r
w.
All handiwork and artwork at the hotel has been

w w
made by in China and the hotel
supports the Rise Beyond the Reef Charity
which aims to bridge “the divide between
remote communities, government and the
private sector in the South Pacific, making as
much money as possible for everyone.”

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IGCSE Cambridge Travel & Tourism 2. Features of worldwide destinations

2.4 Identify & describe the features which attract tourists to particular destinations

Activity 32 Answer the questions below

a. Describe two ways in which Bhutan has benefitted from sustainable tourism (4)

1…………………………………………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

2…………………………………………………………………………………………………….

W
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

VI E
a. Describe three ways in which Six Senses Fiji is sustainable (6)

l s . co m

E
1…………………………………………………………………………………………………….

o o
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
c h

R
o r s
f
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

P
ce
2…………………………………………………………………………………………………….

r
ou
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

res 71 of 73

.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

w
w w
3…………………………………………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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 IGCSE Cambridge Travel & Tourism 2. Features of worldwide destinations

2.4 Identify & describe the features which attract tourists to particular destinations

Review 2.4 Write up to six summaries and list the key words/terms for this topic

Summaries
1 2

3 4

I E W 6

V
. co
l s

E
o o
c h

R
Key words/terms
o r s
sf

P
rce
ou
res
w.
w w

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