3

2
~student investigated the rate of reaction between dilute hydrochlor· 'd
a room temperature. ic ac, and excess magnesium
The apparatus was set up as shown in the diagram.

dilute
hydrochloric
acid

measuring
cylinder

magnesium
ribbon water

30 cm3 of dilute hydrochloric acid were added to the conical flask containing magnesium ribbon. The
timer was then started and the volume of gas collected in the measuring cylinder was measured
every 20 seconds for 180 seconds (3 minutes).

[Turn over
 I 1TT I I I I I I I U~ l 1 • __... , ,

Use the measuring cylinder diagrams to record the total volume of gas collected in the table.
(a)

measuring cylinder total volume of

time/s diagram gas colJected / cm3

0
r:i 30

I
20
r:1 ~'1
I
40
~ 67

60
~ f~

80
~ 14

100
Rl S5
120
~ iq

140
H:i iq

160
Rl 90

180
Rl YO
[2)
 5

(b) Plot the results on the grid and draw a smoolh line graph.

; I I
100 I I 1 ....
ltr♦ +~
4-

Ht
t:t - f+ T
I
...,-... l~t H- -+- H·.- 1.l l i
i
... •-r- ➔

1-t-
·-t .... ....1 i ...!L
+ f+'- ... .. l. I
HJt
,+......... ~
rr
... ...... I t-->- l-f-T g 1 -~t; 1-!... t- t

c-r ,l..l
90 ._... ... .. H- ·, I I : i I- I I;
j j
I
,_ , I I I I
I
j I

.. ~-
I
,..._ ...
I-

--
-t+ Hi-;
µ. I

80 ~
I I
I,
..
I

..... I

I
I
I I

... ... I
I
70
total volume
of gas collected
/cm3
60
1~

50

)
4
40

30
0 J.o 40 ~o 80 lOt') 120 l~o 160 l ~Q 200
time/s
[3]

(c) (I) Which result is anomalous?

..............hG.~~~Jl.G~.............................................................................................. [1]
(II) Suggest a possible reason for this anomalous result.

........................fl\i's..S:-1~ -..._'(.Y.)_e_o .9,.1.1-,(.]l ~... .('_~.\.i.d~...... [1]

(Ill) Use your graph to deduce the total volume of gas that you would have expected to
collect instead of this anomalous volume.
Show clearly on the grid how you worked out your answer.

............. ~..~............. cm3 [21

(Tum over

l!JI Ill II 1, • •. ••UU4 , I a

 6

(d) Explain why the total volume of gas collected does not . crease after 160 seconds.
in , \ - r. ,..I ..... .
~ C'
.................... i~.......t.:..\ ........ J:~..~.. ................... fi)_O w\ .~J 0.\) .t.\~............. .
hQ_ c.b
rJ A () ("'\
.. .... . [2]
................................................................................................................
.............................

(e) The average rate of the reaction can be calculated I the equation shown.
us ng

volume of gas collected/ cm:,

average rate of reaction = time/ s

(I) Calculate the volume of gas collected between 20 secon d and 40 seconds.
s
('I Y"Y\ ~
....\t.O.
()__
..... ~•··=·~······ ..................................... ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ .. .... ••• [11
(ii) Calculate the average rate of reacti•on between 20
seconds and 40 seconds.
Include the unit.

average rate of reaction= ....... o. ~.6..5 ................... [2]

(f) Room temperature was 20 °C.

Sketch on the grid the graph you would expect if the exper
iment were repeated at 30 °c. [2)

(g) Suggest why the reading on the measuring cylinder

was 30 cm3 after the acid had been added
ang_ before the timer had been started.

___ ~ ~-______:QJ.. -~-...\·_3....ru.~p'&.tQsi......Y.Y.~LC\...... _o,c,i.ct __ ._.\s

.............
······ ·Q·Q ··Q~..:......................................................................
. (1)
...........................................
(h) Suggest and explain one improvement to this
exper iment.

~
..••.~-S. ---Q. --- -bQI..£..it'.Q.. ---.CU -----,_!_...\.$. ....l~ fu~ _____ O,..J'2_\.lJ o.\:e. . _____ _
............................................. ••••• ................................................
................................................. .
······•·"···•·""·······"····· ··········• .............................................
.......................... ········
.......... ......... [2}

ITotal: 19}