High Pressure Boiler
Why the High Pressure Boiler ?
• Where 30 bar pressure & steam rate of 30 tones/hour is required the fire
tube boilers are preferred due to lower cost.
• In the power plant it is necessary to produce the steam at high pressure , high
rate and high efficiency.
• For the steam of 30 bar pressure & steam rate of 30 tones/hour is required
then the water tube boilers are preferred.
• Modern high pressure boilers are generate stem at the rate of 30 to 650
tones/hour and pressure up to 225 bar and temp. of around 5500° C.
• Advantages of High pressure Boilers
• Due to forced circulation of water, evaporative capacity of the boiler is
increased and size of drum is reduced.
• Due to high velocity of water, chances of scale formation is reduced. • Due to
uniform heating there is less chances of overheating.
• High Temp. and Pressure increases the plant efficiency.
• The steam can be raised quickly to meet the variable load.
• It is using modified draught system which leads to reduction in the pollution.
Specifications:
• Pressure 120 bar.
•Temperature up to 5000°C or above.
• Steam production rate: 45 to 50 tones/hour.
Difficulties:
•The deposition of salt and sediments on the inner surfaces of the water tubes,
which reduces the heat transfer rate.
• There also formation of bubbling at the inner surfaces of water tubes.
Specifications:
•It was discovered based on the argument of “If the pressure of boiler is raised
to the critical pressure of (225 bar), the steam and water have same density .”
• So, The danger of bubble formation can be easily eliminate.
• Temperature high up to 6500 C.
• Pressure 225 bar.
• Steam production rate : 150 tones/hour.
Advantages:
• It does not require drum it leads to the overall weight up to 20% and also
reduction in cost also.
• At the overload it can be operated economically by changing pressure and
temperature.
• There is no problem of bubbling.
• High steam generation rate. So, used for steam power plant.
Disadvantages:
• Salt deposition.
• Sediment on the inner surface of tube.
• Danger of over heating.
➢ Working:
• The air is compressed by air compressor driven by gas a turbine driven.
• This compressed air passes from the combustion chamber, where more heat release by the fuel
which increase the velocity of the flue gases up to sound velocity.
• From the bottom of combustion chamber, this flue gases pass from the fire tubes. These fire tubes
surrounded by the evaporator water tubes.
• The water from the economizer passes from the evaporator tube force by a circulating pump.
• This water passes 15 – 20 time from the evaporator tube at very high speed. Due to this high speed
circulation, heat is transfer from the gases to the water at very high rate.
• The mixture of water and steam is formed which further passes from the water and steam
separator.
• The steam from the steam separator passes to the super heater and further for process work.
• The remaining water in the steam separator again passes from the evaporator tube.
➢Advantages:
1. This boiler has high heat transfer rate.
• 2. It has great flexibility.
• 3. it is compact in design.
• 4. It is easy to control. It is fully automatic.
• 5. It has great thermal efficiency of about 90 – 95%
Specification:
• Forced circulation.
• Pressure 100 bar.
• Steam production rate : 100 tones/hour.
Working:
• The steam circulating pump draws saturated steam from evaporative drum.
• The steam passes through radiant and convective super heater.
• The most recent method to produce economical electric power is by the use of supercritical boiler in
the power plant.
• In the supercritical boiler working under the pressure above critical pressure (221.2 bar), so the
enthalpy of evaporation is becomes zero. and at the temperature of 3740 C. The problems of bubbling
is solved.
• The once through boiler is only type suited to supercritical boiler.
➢ Advantages:
• Heat transfer rates are very high.
• There is no drum, so it weight is reduced.
• There is no two phase mixture. So, there is erosion and corrosion is minimized.
➢ Disadvantages :
• The high pressure and temperature restrict the use of it.
• The impurities remains in tubes after evaporation of water and blocks the flow passages.
• The term "supercritical" refers to main steam operating conditions, being above the critical pressure
of water (221.2 bar).
• At critical pressure latent heat of vaporization becomes zero.
It means saturated liquid is directly converted into superheated steam
Fluidized bed Combustion
• Advantages of FBC:
• Pollution is reduced.
• Combustion temperature can be controlled.
• Can use solid, liquid, or gaseous fuel or mix, as well as domestic and industrial waste can be
utilized.
• Unit size and overall capital cost is reduced.
• Due to lower combustion temperature fouling and corrosion of tubes is reduced.
• To increase the plant efficiency superheated steam is required.
• If temperature of steam increases beyond design level overheating occurs.
• It cause damage of systems in power plant, hence controlling of temperature is required.
• It can be done by controlling the flow flue gases.
