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Tut 3 - Distillation

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31 views5 pages

Tut 3 - Distillation

Uploaded by

Amahle Nothando
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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VAAL UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

EHSEP3A
TUTORIAL 3

Question 1 (Multiple side-streams)

A mixture of water and ethyl alcohol containing 0.16 mole fraction alcohol is continuously distilled
in a plate fractionating column to give a product containing 0.77 mole fraction alcohol and a
waste of 0.02 mole fraction alcohol. It is proposed to withdraw 25 per cent of the alcohol in the
entering steam as a side stream containing 0.50 mole fraction of alcohol.
Determine the number of theoretical plates required and the plate from which the side stream
should be withdrawn if the feed is liquor at its boiling point and a reflux ratio of 2 is used.

Table 1: Equilibrium Data for Ethanol-Water at 1atm


Question 2 (Continuous Distillation)

A continuous fractionating column, operating at atmospheric pressure, is to be designed to


separate a mixture containing 15.67 weight per cent CS2 and 84.33 weight per cent CCl4 into an
overhead product containing 91 per cent CS2 and a waste of 97.3 weight per cent CCl4, all by
mass. A plate efficiency of 70 per cent and a reflux of 3.16 kmol/kmol of product may be assumed.
Determine the number of plates required.
The feed enters at 290 K with a specific heat capacity of 1.7 kJ/kgK and has a boiling point of 336
K. The latent heats of CS2 and of CCl4 are 25.9 MJ/kmol.

Mole per cent CS2 in the vapour 0 8.23 15.55 26.6 33.2 49.5 63.4 74.7 82.9 87.8 93.2
Mole per cent CS2 in the liquor 0 2.96 6.15 11.06 14.35 25.85 39.0 53.18 66.30 75.75 86.04

Question 3 (Continuous Distillation)

A liquor of 0.30 mole fraction of benzene and the rest toluene is fed to a continuous still to give
a top product of 0.90 mole fraction benzene and a bottom product of 0.05 mole fraction toluene.
If the reflux ratio is 5.0, how many plates are required?

(a) if the feed is saturated vapour?

(b) if the feed is liquid at 283 K (q=1.49)?

Mole fraction of benzene in liquid 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9
Mole fraction of benzene in vapour 0.22 0.38 0.51 0.63 0.7 0.78 0.85 0.91 0.96

Question 4 (Continuous Distillation)

A saturated liquid mixture of alcohol and water containing 0.45 mole fraction of alcohol is to be
continuously distilled in a column to give a top product of 0.825 mole fraction alcohol and a liquor
at the bottom containing 0.05 mole fraction alcohol.
How many theoretical plates are required if the reflux ratio used is 3?

Mole fraction alcohol in 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.89
liquid
Mole fraction alcohol in 0.43 0.526 0.577 0.615 0.655 0.70 0.754 0.82 0.89
vapour
Question 5 (Continuous Distillation)

A mixture of 40 mole per cent benzene with toluene is distilled in a column to give a product of
95 mole per cent benzene and a waste of 5 mole per cent benzene, using a reflux ratio of 4.

(a) Using the McCabe and Thiele method, determine the number of plates required and the
position of the feed if supplied to the column as liquid at the boiling point.
(b) Determine the minimum reflux ratio possible.
(c) If the feed is passed in at 288 K (q = 1.49), determine the number of plates required using the
same reflux ratio.

X 0.0398 0.1085 0.11971 0.3 0.3975 0.5 0.5924 0.7042 0.7998 0.9026
y 0.0987 0.2352 0.3824 0.5188 0.6158 0.7092 0.7738 0.8509 0.9066 0.9641

Question 6 (Continuous Distillation)

The vapour pressures of n-pentane and of n-hexane are given in Figure 3.

The equilibrium data for the MVC at atmospheric pressure are:


x 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9
y 0.21 0.41 0.54 0.66 0.745 0.82 0.875 0.925 0.975

(a) Determine the relative volatility of pentane to hexane at 273, 293 and 313 K.
(b) A mixture containing 0.52 mole fraction pentane is to be distilled continuously to give a top
product of 0.95 mole fraction pentane and a bottom of 0.1 mole fraction pentane. Determine
the minimum number of plates that is the number of plates at total reflux by the graphical
McCabe Thiele method.
(c) Using the conditions in (b), determine by the McCabe-Thiele method the total number of plates
required, and the position of the feed. It may be assumed that the feed is all liquid at its boiling-
point.

Assume Raoults and Dalton’s laws hold and calculate the average relative volatility using
information obtained in part a) of the question and use this for the questions that follow
Figure 3: The vapour pressure of n-hexane and pentane at different temperatures

Question 7 (Equilibrium diagram)

The vapour-pressure data are given below for the system of hexane-octane.
a) Using Raoult’s law, calculate and plot the xy data at a total pressure of 101 325 kPa.
b) Plot the boiling point diagram.
Question 7 (Equilibrium diagram)

Develop the equilibrium table if the relative volatility of benzene to toluene is 2.46.

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