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Software Engineering ch1

Software engineering chapter 1 notes BBA CA

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Vaibhav Bhor
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19 views9 pages

Software Engineering ch1

Software engineering chapter 1 notes BBA CA

Uploaded by

Vaibhav Bhor
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Subject : Software Engineering

Chapter 1 : Introduction to
System Concept
What is System
A System is defined as ,”a collection of related component that interact to perform a task
in ored to accomplish a goal”.

Characteristics and types of system

Organization
structure and order
Example: Hierarchical organization in a company.
Computer system: organization of various components like input devices, output devices,
CPU and storage devices

Interaction
Between sub systems or the components
Example: the main memory holds the data that has to be operated by the ALU.

Interdependence
Component linkage
Component dependence
Integration
How subsystems are tied together to achieve the system objective

Central Objective
Should be known in early phases of analysis
What are the Elements / Components of a System?
The basic three elements of a system are:
Input
Processing
Output

Process Output
Input

Output
First of all, we must determine what the objectives or goals are, what we intend to achieve.
Once we know our aim, we can try to achieve it in the best possible way.

Input
Once we know the output, we can easily determine what the input should be.

Processes
Here we come to the details of how the inputs & files are converted into outputs. Processes
may modify the input totally or partially depending on the specifications of the output.
Types of Systems
1)Physical or Abstract System
Physical system: tangible entities
static or dynamic in nature.
Example : system-computer centre
Desks and chairs are the static parts
Programs, data, and applications can change according to the user's needs.
Abstract systems are conceptual. These are not physical entities. They may be formulas,
representation or model of a real system.
2)Open Closed System- Majority of systems are open systems
open system has many interfaces with its environment
can also adapt to changing environmental conditions
can receive inputs from, and delivers output to the outside of system
Closed systems: Systems that don't interact with their environment. Closed systems exist in
concept only.
3)Man made Information System
Information system is the basis for interaction between the user and the analyst.
Main purpose-manage data for a particular organization.
4)Natural and Artificial System
Natural system exist and also bound in nature like river ,mountains etc, and while artificial
system are manufactured such as dame,canals,road etc.
5) Deterministic and Probabilistic Systems
A Deterministic system works in predictable manner.
A Probabilistic system is one in which the occurrence of events cannot be perfectly
predicted

System Components :
1)A system is a group of interrelated components working together toward a common goal
or objective by accepting input and producing outputs in an organized transformation
process.
2)A system has following system components:
a)Components
b)Inter-related components
c)Boundary
d)An environment
e)Interface
f)Input
g)Output
h)Constraints
a)Components
A Components is either a complex part or an aggregate of part , also called a sub-system

b)Inter-related components
The components are inter-related i.e. the function of one is somehow tied to function of
the other.

c)Boundary
A system has a boundary within all of its components are contained and which
establishes the limits of a system, separating it from other system.

d)An environment
A system operates within an environment; everything outside the system boundary

e)Interface
The point at which the system meets its environment are called interface.

f)Constraints
A system must face constraints in its functioning because there are limits to what it can
do and how it can achieve its purpose within its environment.
g)Input and Output:

A system interacts with the environment by means of input and output. Input is
anything entering the system from the environment while output is anything
leaving the system crossing the boundary to the environment
Thank
You

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