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    Surrealism

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    Surrealism

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    Surrealism

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    tduuong2709
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    Surrealism

    (in French: Surrealisme). Surrealism is a literature and art trend that took place in
    the 1910s – 1920s in France. It was based on the philosophy of intuitionism,
    mystical religious doctrine in Eastern regions, and Freudianism; many theses of
    surrealism theorists appear to be relatively close to the Zen Buddism. These
    theorists considered German romanticists to be their predecessors, and viewed poet
    G. Apollinaire and Italian artist G. de Chirico as their dear pioneers. Despite
    arising among writers, surrealism was more prominent in art (S. Dali, J. Miro, J.
    Tanguie, G. Arpe, M. Ernst, A. Masson, R. Margitt,…). Many founders of this
    trend were renowned writers such as L. Aragon, A. Breton, F. Soupalt, P. Eluard,
    R. Desnos, A. Artaud, R. Vitrac, T. Tzara,…
    The aesthetics of surrealism was stated in A. Breton’s “Manifesto of Surrealism”
    (1924) and in many other fundamental works of people following surrealism (The
    Surrealist Revolution journal, 1924-1929). Surrealism aims to release the “ego” of
    human from the bondage of materialism, logic, rationality, morals, traditional
    aesthetics, which they considered to be the grotesque results of capital civilizations
    hindering human’s creativity. The ultimate truth of the present, according to
    surrealists, lies in the area of the subconsciousness, and art is supposed to reveal
    and express it in the artistic works. The foundations of the surreal way to create,
    according to A. Breton, is “the purely psychological automation whose target is to
    express the present functions of thoughts through oral or written speech or any
    other methods.” Artists should resort to all of their subconscious experiences such
    as dreams, illusions, deliriums, childhood memories, mystical figures,… The
    artistic effects of surreal works are based on absolutizing the principle of artistic
    antagonism. As stated by P. Reverdy, images originate from “uniting the distant
    and fractured realities”. In surrealists’ works, methods such as illogicalization,
    paradox and surprise making, combining the uncombinables,… were cultivated to
    their limits. Thereby, surrealists were able to create a distinguished artistic
    atmosphere of extreme realities that can only be found in the works of this trend.
    In poetry, especially in romantic poems – surrealists’ favorite literary form, the
    starting model of all creating actions is “automatic writing”, which is shorthand
    writing words, anecdotes, obsessing images… popping up in our minds. On surreal
    stage (whose theorist is A. Artaud) and surreal cinema, the “true present” is
    determined by the fiction style with abrupt, peculiar and astonishing pieces, scenes,
    phases.
    As a trend or a movement, surrealism existed only in a short period of time.
    However, numerous artists and writers who had participated in the movement still
    carried on creating new works in surreal style. Methods of surrealism is continually
    utilized in cinema ( L. Bunuel can be seen as an example), in “Theatre of the
    Absurd” (E. Ionesco, S. Beckett), in decorative art, artistic photography, and
    television.

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