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17 views10 pages

Seminar Report..... @@@@@@

Uploaded by

Shree Sonwane
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© © All Rights Reserved
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2022-23

A seminar on

“SENSORS IN AUTOM0BILES”

Submitted by
Sonwane Shridhar
F.Y.EC Roll No.59

Under Guidance of
Prof. Shrdha Killarikar
M.S. BIDVE ENGINEERING COLLEGE, LATUR

This is to certify that Mr. Shridhar Sonwane has


successfully completed his seminar on “SENSORS IN
AUTOM0BILES” as a part of academics of First Year of the
B. Tech EC as prescribed by Dr.Babasaheb Ambedkar
Technological University, Lonere during academic year 2022-
23.

Prof. Shradha Killarikar Prof. B.V. Dharne

Guide Principal

Acknowledgement
I would like to express my deep sense of gratitude to my guide
Prof. Shradha Killarikar for his inspiring and invaluable suggestions, I
am deeply Indebted to him for sparing his valuable time in step by
step successfully completion of this seminar.

I am also grateful to our principal Prof. Dr. B.V.


DHARNE sir and our class teacher Prof. V. K. Shah Sir for their
encouragement and constant support. I express my thanks to all the
faculty & staff members of the department. I am also thankful to my
friends who have directly and indirectly helped me for successful
completion.

I acknowledge my gratitude to authors of the references and


other sources referred in this context. Last but not the least; I am very
much thankful to my parents who supported me in carrying out this
work.

Sonwane Shridhar
Introduction

A sensor is an object whose purpose is to detect events or changes in


its environment, and then provide a corresponding output. A sensor is
a type of transducer; sensors may provide various types of output, but
typically use electrical or optical signals.

Definition
A sensor is a device that detects the change in the environment and
responds to some output on the other system. A sensor converts a
physical phenomenon into a measurable analog voltage (or sometimes
a digital signal) converted into a human-readable display or
transmitted for reading or further processing.

ADVANTAGES OF SENSORS
1. Accelerate processes and make them more accurate.
2. Collect process and asset data in real time.
3. Monitor processes and assets accurately, reliably, and
continuously.
4. Increase productivity and reduce total cost of ownership.
5. Lower energy wastage like chemicals, metals, and
manufacturing by products.

SENSORS IN AUTOMOBILES
 Steering angle sensor
 Air bag sensor
 Parking sensor
 Brake pedal position sensor
 Accelerator pedal position sensor
 Blind spot Sens.
 Adaptive Headlight sensor.

 Steering Sensor:

The Steering Angle Sensor is an important part of a vehicle's safety


system. It transmits the steering wheel's rate of turn, wheel angle, and
other important data to the specific vehicle's computer. If there is a
fault in the signal, the computer can disable the vehicle's stability
control.

 Advantages :

The steering angle sensor (SAS) determines where the driver wants to
steer, matching the steering wheel with the vehicle's wheels. Located
within the steering column, the steering angle sensor always has more
than one sensor packaged together in a single unit for redundancy,
accuracy, and diagnostics.

Airbag sensor :

I. Airbag sensors are devices that typically detect when a


collision has occurred in a vehicle and send a signal to deploy
the airbags. In order to detect the impact and determine the
proper level of airbag deployment, these sensors make use of
a variety of technologies, such as accelerometers and pressure
sensors.
II. To give the occupants the best possible protection in the event
of a collision, they are generally fitted at strategic areas on the
car, like the front and sides. Their primary purpose is to
electronically send information to both the electronic control
unit and all other airbag system-related devices. When
deciding whether or not the airbag should inflate, the intensity
of the accident is also taken into account.

 Advantages :

I. Airbag protects you from a quick push if an accident happens.


It stops your body from a quick hit against steering. It prevents
your face from hitting on steering or car dashboard.
II. Air bags reduce the chance that your upper body or head will
strike the vehicle's interior during a crash. To avoid an air-bag-
related injury, make sure you are properly seated and
remember—air bags are designed to work with seat belts, not
replace them.

 Parking Sensor:

Parking sensors are designed to detect obstacles when


backing up. These sensors are able to detect objects in front
of or behind your vehicle, enabling you to avoid running into
them. Parking sensors warn drivers with an audio and visual
alarm when they're about to hit something.

The most widespread use of the sensor is, of course, parking


assistance systems in modern cars: the sensors are affixed in rear and
front bumpers and help you park by signaling proximity to
obstructions in the short range.
 Advantages:
I. Accelerate processes and make them more accurate.
II. Collect process and asset data in real time.
III. Monitor processes and assets accurately, reliably, and
continuously.
IV. Increase productivity and reduce total cost of ownership.
V. Lower energy wastage.

Acceleration padel position sensor:


The accelerator pedal sensor transmits the position of the
accelerator pedal to the engine control unit. Based on this
information, the load requested by the driver can be
implemented immediately.
The accelerator position information is transferred to the throttle
actuator control (TAC) module and the powertrain control
module (PCM). The APP sensor comprises two individual
sensors, with both sensors designed to have individual sensor
return wiring. Each sensor has a varying voltage range.

 ADVANTAGES:
I. Precise position control with HELLA CIPOS® technology
(accuracy of ±2%) or potentiometer

II. Comprehensive tests ensure a high and sustainable level of


quality Customer specific design, small packaging and adaptable
haptics

III. High reliability due to robust design

IV. Worldwide production locations and technical support

Blind spot sensor :

Drivers are taught to assess surrounding traffic before changing lanes


by checking their rearview and side mirrors and looking over each
shoulder. However, even for those who follow this sequence of
checks, the vehicle's blind spot – the area alongside and just behind
the vehicle – is a constant source of danger and often the cause of
serious accidents. To make changing lanes safer, the blind spot
detection warns of impending collisions.

Assists the driver to avoid a collision by detecting vehicles in the


blind spot area when changing lanes. When the system detects a
vehicle driving in an adjacent lane approaching the rear of the driver's
vehicle - a common blind spot area, it notifies the driver with an
indicator.

 ADVANTAGES:

Increased Safety on the Roads.


For example, if a driver attempts to change lanes while a vehicle is
in its blind spot, the lidar sensor will detect the vehicle. The blind
spot system will then alert the driver with an indicator light or
warning beep. This warning allows the driver to react quickly to
avoid a collision.

blind spot, small portion of the visual field of each eye that
corresponds to the position of the optic disk (also known as the
optic nerve head) within the retina. There are no photoreceptors
(i.e., rods or cones) in the optic disk, and, therefore, there is no
image detection in this area.

Rain Sensor:

Rain sensor is an advanced driver-assistance system that


detects water on a car’s windscreen and automatically
triggers programmed actions. The main function of this
system is activating windscreen wipers in the rain. But the
triggered actions might also include closing the car’s
windows and sunroof.

The rain sensor is located behind the windscreen near the


rearview mirror. It consists of LEDs that beam infrared light
and a central photodiode that measures the amount of light
that lands on it. The infrared light is beamed on the
windscreen at a 45-degree angle where it reflects back onto
the photodiode. When the windscreen is dry, all of the light
is reflected.

 ADVANTAGES :
One of the car rain sensor's key features is its ability to
adjust the wiping speed of the windshield wipers in
accordance with rain intensity. By doing so, it maintains
clear vision through the windshield for the driver,
irrespective of weather conditions.
Rain sensors are cost-efficient installations that conserve
water, reduce energy bills, increase the life span of your
irrigation system and help keep your garden soil well-
nourished

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