AREA UNDER THE CURVE

AREA UNDER THE CURVE

 AREA UNDER THE CURVE
 AREA UNDER THE CURVES (GIVEN BY CARTESIAN EQUATION)
• Area bounded by the curve, the x-axis and the ordinate at x = a
b
andx = b is given by A = ∫a f(x) dx

y y=f(x) y
a b y
x
O
X=a
x
O C X=b
x
O x=a dx x=b

Note :
• Required area must have all the boundaries indicated in the
problem.
 AREA UNDER THE CURVE
Example
3
Find area enclosed between y = sinx & x-axis as x varies from 0 to
2
.
 AREA UNDER THE CURVE
Example
Find area enclosed between y = ln(x+2), x-axis and the two
ordinates at x = −𝟏 and x = 0.
 AREA UNDER THE CURVE
• Sometimes integration w.r.t. y is very useful i.e. (horizontal
strip) : Area bounded by the curve, y-axis and the two abscissa
b
at y = a & y = b is written as A = ∫a g(y) dy

y
y=b
dy
y=a
x
O
 AREA UNDER THE CURVE
Example
Find the area bounded by x = 2y  y2 and the y-axis.
 AREA UNDER THE CURVE
Example
Compute the larger area bounded by y = 4 + 3x  x2 and the
coordinates axes.
 AREA UNDER THE CURVE
AREA ENCLOSED BETWEEN TWO CURVES

 In case of vertical strip

x
• Area bounded by two curves y = f (x) & y = g(x) is A =∫x 2| f(x) −
1
g(x)|dx

y = f (x) y = g (x)
y y = f (x) y

y = g (x)

x x
O x1 x2 O x1 x3 x2
 AREA UNDER THE CURVE
y
• In case horizontal strip is taken we have A =∫y 2 f(y) −g(y) dy
1

y x = g(y)
y2

x = f (y)
x
x
y1
 AREA UNDER THE CURVE
• If the curves y = f(x) and y = g(x) intersect at x = c  (a , b) then
area bounded by y = f(x) and y = g(x) between x = a and x = b is
b
given by A =∫a f(x) −g(x) dx

y
y=g(x)

y=f (x)
x
x=a c x=b
 AREA UNDER THE CURVE
Example
Find the ratio in which the area enclosed by the curve y = cosx, x 

0, 2 in the 1st quadrant is divided by the curve y = sinx.
 AREA UNDER THE CURVE
Example
Find the area bounded by curves x = siny and x = y2  y .
 AREA UNDER THE CURVE
Example
Find the area bounded by y = sin1x ; y = cos1x and the x-axis.
 AREA UNDER THE CURVE
Example
Compute the area enclosed between y = tan1x; y = cot1x and y-axis.
 AREA UNDER THE CURVE
Example
Find area bounded by y = sin1x; y =tan1x and line x = 1.
 AREA UNDER THE CURVE
Example

92
Find area bounded by y = 4 − x 2 and y = cosx.
AREA UNDER THE CURVE
 AREA UNDER THE CURVE
STANDARD AREAS (to be remembered)

• Area bounded by parabolas y2 = 4ax; x2 = 4by

16 ab
A= 3

• Area bounded by y2 = 4ax and y = mx

8 a2
A=
3 m3
 AREA UNDER THE CURVE
• Area bounded by curve x2 = 4ay and line y = mx
8 a 2m3
A=
3

x2 y2
• Whole area of ellipse a2 + 2= 1 a>0 , b>0 .
b

A = ab
 AREA UNDER THE CURVE
Example
Find the area enclosed by curve 32x3 = (16  y2) (41x + 9|x|) (x  0)
 AREA UNDER THE CURVE
Example
Find the area enclosed by curve y =  x , x = 2 −y
 AREA UNDER THE CURVE
MISCELLANEOUS EXAMPLES
Find area bounded by y2 2y + x = 0 and 2y2 + x = 0.
 AREA UNDER THE CURVE
MISCELLANEOUS EXAMPLES
Find the area bounded by the curve y2(2a  x) = x3 and its
asymptote.
 AREA UNDER THE CURVE
MISCELLANEOUS EXAMPLES
Find the area of the loop ay2 = x2(a  x)
 AREA UNDER THE CURVE
EXAMPLES BASED ON INEQUALITIES
Find the area enclosed by 2 |x  y| + |x + y|  4
 AREA UNDER THE CURVE
EXAMPLES BASED ON INEQUALITIES
Find area of common region of 0  y  x2 + 1 , 0  y  x + 1 , 0  x  2.
 AREA UNDER THE CURVE
EXAMPLES BASED ON INEQUALITIES
Find area of common region of x2 + y2  2 , y2 < x , x  2.
 AREA UNDER THE CURVE
SHIFTING OF ORIGIN

• Since area remains invariant even if the coordinate axes are

shifted, hence shifting of origin in many cases prove to be very
convenient in computing the areas.
 AREA UNDER THE CURVE
Example
Find the area enclosed between the parabolas y2  2y + 4x + 5 = 0
x2 + 2x - y + 2 = 0 .
 AREA UNDER THE CURVE
AREA ENCLOSED BY INVERSE OF A FUNCTION

Let y = f(x) be a bijective function and g(x) be its inverse.

 AREA UNDER THE CURVE
Example

Let f(x) = x3 + 3x + 2 and g(x) is the inverse of it. Find the area
bounded by g(x), the x-axis and the ordinate at x = 2 and x = 6.
 AREA UNDER THE CURVE
Example
Let f(x) = x3 + x , then find the area bounded by inverse of f(x) , y-
axis and line y = x + 8
 AREA UNDER THE CURVE
 DETERMINATION OF UNKNOWN PARAMETERS

Find the value of c for which the area of the figure bounded by
4 9
the curves y = x2 ;x = 1 and y = c is equal to 4 .
AREA UNDER THE CURVE
 AREA UNDER THE CURVE
β 3
a α -β
α Where α , β are the roots of ax2 + bx + c = 0
2
(ax + bx + c) dx =
6
 AREA UNDER THE CURVE
For what value of k is the area of the figure bounded by the curves y
= x23 and y = kx + 2 is the least. Determine the least area.
 AREA UNDER THE CURVE
If the area bounded by y = x2 + 2x  3 and the line y = kx + 1 is least.
Find k and also the least area.
 AREA UNDER THE CURVE
 CONCEPT OF VARIABLE AREA (LEAST VALUE)
• If y = f(x) is a monotonic function in (a, b) then the area bounded
by the ordinates at x = a, x = b, y = f (x) and y = f (c), [where c  (a,
a+b
b)] is minimum when c = 2 .
y y = f (x)

y = f (c)

x
a c b
AREA UNDER THE CURVE
 AREA UNDER THE CURVE
Example
x3
If the area bounded by f(x) = 3 x2+ a and the straight lines x = 0; x
= 2 and the x-axis is minimum then find the value of 'a'.
 AREA UNDER THE CURVE
Example
If the area bounded by y = eax + b (a  0 ) , y = 2 between the ordinates
at x = 1 , x = 1 is minimum then find a , b.