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Met301 M4

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33 views42 pages

Met301 M4

Uploaded by

tvnkwhv785
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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MET301 M4

Explain the effect of the gyroscopic couple on the reaction of the four wheels of a
vehicle negotiating a curve.
• All members of a machine are subjected to different types of forces such as :
• Forces due to combustion of fuels, friction forces due to sliding and turning pairs, forces
due to change of temperature, forces due to external loads, spring forces, impact forces,
inertia forces and couples in addition to the mass of the machine parts, etc.
• The magnitude and direction of these forces is essential.
• The analysis is aimed at determining the forces transmitted from one point to another,
essentially from input point to output point. This would be the starting point for strength
design of a component/ system, basically to decide the dimensions of the components
• Force analysis is essential to avoid either overestimation or under estimation of forces
on machine member.
When a body, itself, is moving with uniform lin- ear velocity along a circular path, it is
subjected to the cen- trifugal force* radially outwards. This centrifugal force is called reactive
force. The action of the reactive or centrifu- gal force is to tilt or move the body along radially
outward direction.

Precessional Angular Motion


It may be noted that
1. The couple I.ω.ωp , in the direction of the vector x x′ (representing the change in angular
momentum) is the active gyroscopic couple, which has to be applied over the disc when the
axis of spin is made to rotate with angular velocity ω about P, the axis of precession. The
vector xx′ lies in the plane XOZ or the horizontal plane. In case of a very small displacement
δθ, the vector xx′ will be perpendiculartotheverticalplaneXOY.Therefore the couple causing
this change in the angular momentum will lie in the plane XOY. The vector xx′, as shown in
Fig., represents an anticlockwise couple in the plane XOY. Therefore, the plane XOY is
called the plane of active gyroscopic couple and the axis OZ perpendicular to the plane XOY,
about which the couple acts, is called the axis of active gyroscopic couple.

2. When the axis of spin itself moves with angular velocity ω , the disc is subjected to P
reactive couple whose magnitude is same (i.e. I. ω.ωp ) but opposite in direction to that of
active couple. This reactive couple to which the disc is subjected when the axis of spin
rotates about the axis of precession is known as reactive gyroscopic couple. The axis of the
reactive gyroscopic couple is represented by OZ′ in Fig.

3. The gyroscopic couple is usually applied through the bearings which support the shaft.
The bearings will resist equal and opposite couple.

4. The gyroscopic principle is used in an instrument or toy known as gyroscope. The


gyroscopes are installed in ships in order to minimize the rolling and pitching effects of
waves. They are also used in aeroplanes, monorail cars, gyrocompasses etc.
Gyroscopic Couple
Effect of the Gyroscopic Couple on an Aeroplane
Terms Used in a Naval Ship
The top and front views of a naval ship are shown in Fig . The fore end of the ship is called
bow and the rear end is known as stern or aft. The left hand and right hand sides of the
ship, when viewed from the stern are called port and star-board respectively. We shall now
discuss the effect of gyroscopic couple on the naval ship in the following three cases:
1. Steering, 2. Pitching, and 3. Rolling.
Stability of a Four Wheel Drive Moving in a Curved Path
A four-wheeled trolley car of mass 2500 kg runs on rails, which are 1.5 m apart and travels
around a curve of 30 m radius at 24 km / hr. The rails are at the same level. Each wheel of
the trolley is 0.75 m in diameter and each of the two axles is driven by a motor running in a
direction opposite to that of the wheels at a speed of five times the speed of rotation of the
wheels. The moment of inertia of each axle with gear and wheels is 18 kg-m2. Each motor
with shaft and gear pinion has a moment of inertia of 12 kg-m2. The centre of gravity of the
car is 0.9 m above the rail level. Determine the vertical force exerted by each wheel on the
rails taking into consideration the centrifugal and gyroscopic effects. State the centrifugal
and gyroscopic effects on the trolley.
A rear engine automobile is travelling along a track of 100 metres mean radius. Each of the
four road wheels has a moment of inertia of 2.5 kg-m2 and an effective diameter of 0.6 m.
The rotating parts of the engine have a moment of inertia of 1.2 kg-m2. The engine axis is
parallel to the rear axle and the crankshaft rotates in the same sense as the road wheels.
The ratio of engine speed to back axle speed is 3 : 1. The automobile has a mass of 1600
kg and has its centre of gravity 0.5 m above road level. The width of the track of the vehicle
is 1.5 m.
Determine the limiting speed of the vehicle around the curve for all four wheels to maintain
contact with the road surface. Assume that the road surface is not cambered and centre of
gravity of the automobile lies centrally with respect to the four wheels

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