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Networking Devices

This is for Networking and communication

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rafiqsrpm
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22 views22 pages

Networking Devices

This is for Networking and communication

Uploaded by

rafiqsrpm
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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NETWORKING DEVICES

NETWORKING DEVICES
• Network devices are the devices used for organizing a network, connecting to a network, routing
the packets, strengthening the signals, communicating with others.
• Network Interface Card (NIC)
• Modem
• Hub
• Repeaters
• Wireless Access Point (AP)
• Switch
• Router
• Bridge
• Gateway
NETWORK INTERFACE CARD (NIC)

• It’s a plastic circuit board that have several computer chips that process signals from the
network and the PC.
• A hardware component that connects your computer to a local data network or the Internet.
• Provides an interface onto a network (usually a LAN) for a computer system.
• It uses 48 bit MAC address and is a physical layer device.
• The NIC has RJ45 socket where network cable is physically plugged in.
• The earliest Ethernet cards were external to the system and needed to be installed manually.
NETWORK INTERFACE CARD (NIC)
MODEM

• Modem is short for Modulator / Demodulator.


• It converts or modulates an analog signal from a telephone or cable wire to a digital signal that a
computer can recognize.
• Similarly, it converts outgoing digital data from a computer or other device to an analog signal.
Dial-up Modems
• The first modems were dial-up meaning they had to dial a phone number to connect to an ISP.
• These modems operated over standard analog phone lines and used the same frequencies as
telephone calls, which limited their maximum data transfer rate to 56 Kbps.
• Dial-up modems also required full use of the local telephone line, meaning voice calls would interrupt
the Internet connection.
MODEM

DSL Modem
• Modern modems are typically DSL or cable modems, which are considered broadband devices.
• DSL modems operate over standard telephone lines, but use a wider frequency range of 128 kbps.
• This allows for higher data transfer rates than dialup modems and enables them to not interfere with
phone calls.
HUB

• A Hardware device, physical layer device.


• A common connection point for devices in a network – connects multiple computers or other network
devices together
• Hubs cannot filter data, so data packets are sent to all connected devices.
• They do not have intelligence to find out best path for data packets.
• There are two types of hubs
• Active Hubs
• Passive Hubs
HUB

• Passive Hub
• Simply connects all the devices together.
• Active Hub
• It amplifies the signals before it broadcasts it to other
devices.
REPRESENTATION OF DEVICES
REPEATERS

• Repeaters are used to extend the distance between networking devices.


• A repeater operates at the physical layer.
• Its job is to regenerate the signal over the same network before the signal becomes
too weak or corrupted.
• They copy the signal bit by bit and regenerate it at the original strength.
• Job of repeaters are to make devices communicate with each other even if they are
100 feet away from each other.
REPEATERS
WIRELESS ACCESS POINT (AP)

• These are just like Hub, its just that they transfer
information wirelessly.
• All the information is first transmitted to AP
which then transmits it to other devices.
• The major difference between a hub and an
AP is that in AP after receiving the information
the client device sends back the
acknowledgement to the send to tell it has
received the information successfully.
SWITCH

• A Network switch is more like an Intelligent Hub.

• They not only repeats the signal received but also reads the actual information in the message.

• The message contains source and destination MAC addresses which are reads by the switch.

• Switch maintains a Switch Table which keeps track of which device is connected to which port.
• A LAN switch operates at the data link layer or the network layer of the OSI Model.

• Switch normally deals with information in the form of Frames.


NETWORK USING SWITCH
ROUTER

• Routers enable communication between two LANs by forwarding packets.


• Multiple routers also communicate with each other using packet forwarding.
• Routers work with Logical Address (IP Address).
• Routers work with packets instead of frames.
• Like Switches routers also maintain a table which is called a Routing Table.
• Routers are 3rd layer device.
• Routers examine incoming packets to determine destination addresses. After that it checks its routing
table to select the best path for data transmission.
NETWORK USING ROUTER
NETWORK USING ROUTER
ROUTERS VS. SWITCHES
BRIDGE

• Hardware device which works at data link layer.


• It provides interconnection with other bridge networks that use the same protocol.
• Connecting two different networks together and providing communication between them.
• Bridges are similar to repeaters with additional feature of filtering noise.
• It can filter traffic on the basis of MAC address.
• Bridges maintain the media access control (MAC) address table as soon as they discover new segments,
so subsequent transmissions are sent to only to the desired recipient.
• It can only transmit data if it is aware of destination MAC address.
• More intelligent than repeaters but less than routers.
BRIDGE
GATEWAY

• A gateway, as the name suggests, is a passage to connect two networks together that may work
upon different networking models.
• It uses packet transmission.
• It operates on 3rd layer of OSI model.
• They basically works as the messenger agents that take data from one system, interpret it, and transfer
it to another system.
• All data routed inward or outward must first pass through and communicate with the gateway in order
to use routing paths.
• Gateways are also called protocol converters.

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