Principles of Flight

With the centre of gravity on the forward limit, the stalling speed would be: Correct answer : higher than with the centre of gravity on the aft limit. With increasing altitude and constant IAS the static lateral stability (1) and the dynamic lateral/directional stability (2) of an aeroplane with swept-back wing will: Correct answer : (1) increase (2) decrease. With a propeller feathered: Correct answer : there will be minimum drag on the propeller. With a L/D ratio of 9:1 and flying at 12000 ft the glide range in still air would be: Correct answer : 18 nm With a fixed pitch propeller increasing speed will .... propeller alpha and increasing power and therefore propeller RPM will .... propeller alpha. Correct answer : decrease, increase With a constant speed propeller, which of the following statements is true? Correct answer : Pitch angle increases with increasing TAS. Wingtip vortices are created only when an aircraft is: Correct answer : generating lift. Wing tip vortices have the highest intensity during: Correct answer : Take off Wing span is defined as the distance: Correct answer : from wing tip to wing tip Wing loading is: Correct answer : the ratio of aircraft weight to wing area. Why is a propeller blade twisted from root to tip? Correct answer : Because the local angle of attack of a blade segment is dependent on the ratio of that segment 's speed in the plane of rotation and the true airspeed of the aeroplane. Why are vortex generators often fitted on aircraft with straight wings? Correct answer : To delay boundary layer separation. Which wind condition would be most critical during taxi with a tricycle landing gear airplane? Correct answer : Quartering tailwind. Which statement regarding the gust load factor on an aeroplane is correct (all other factors of importance being constant) ? 1. Increasing the aspect-ratio of the wing will increase the gust load factor. 2. Increasing the speed will increase the gust load factor. Correct answer : 1 and 2 are correct. Which statement is true for an aircraft in a fully developped spin? Correct answer : The inner wing only is fully stalled. Which statement is true for a symmetrical wing section: Correct answer : the centre of pressure is at the aerodynamic centre of the wing. Which statement is true for a symmetrical wing section: Correct answer : the centre of pressure is at the aerodynamic centre of the wing. Which statement is correct at the speed for minimum drag (subsonic) ? Correct answer : The gliding angle is minimum. Which statement is correct about the laminar and turbulent boundary layer : Correct answer : friction drag is lower in the laminar layer Which statement is correct about the gust load on an aeroplane (IAS and all other factors of importance remaining constant) ? 1. the gust load increases, when the weight decreases. 2. the gust load increases, when the altitude increases. Correct answer : 1 is correct and 2 is incorrect. Which statement is correct about the Cl and angle of attack? Correct answer : for a symmetric aerofoil, if angle of attack = 0, Cl =0 Which statement is correct about an expansion wave in supersonic flow ? 1. The temperature in front of an expansion wave is higher than the temperature behind it. 2. The speed in front of an expansion wave is higher than the speed behind it. Correct answer : 1 is correct and 2 is incorrect. Which statement is correct about an expansion wave in a supersonic flow ? 1- The density in front of an expansion wave is higher than behind. 2- The pressure in front of an expansion wave is higher than behind.

Correct answer : 1 and 2 are correct. Which statement is correct about an aeroplane, that has experienced a left engine failure and continues afterwards in straight and level cruise flight with wings level ? Correct answer : turn indicator neutral, slip indicator neutral. Which statement is correct about a spring tab ? Correct answer : At high IAS it behaves like a servo tab Which statement is correct about a normal shock wave ? Correct answer : The airflow changes from supersonic to subsonic Which statement about stick force per g is correct? Correct answer : The stick force per g must have both an upper and lower limit in order to assure acceptable control characteristics. Which statement about a primary control surface controlled by a servo tab, is correct ? Correct answer : The position is undetermined during taxiing, in particular with tailwind. Which statement about a jet transport aeroplane is correct, during take-off at the maximum allowable forward centre of gravity limit, while the THS (Trimmable Horizontal Stabilizer) has been positioned at the maximum allowable AND (Aeroplane Nose Down) position. Correct answer : The rotation will require extra stick force. Which stall has the greatest angle of attack? Correct answer : Deep stall Which speed represents the maximum flap extended speed? Correct answer : Vfe. Which speed represents the maneuvering speed? Correct answer : Va. Which speed represents maximum landing gear extended speed? Correct answer : Vle. Which relationship is correct when comparing drag and airspeed? Correct answer : If you double the airspeed the induced drag is reduced to 1/4. Which quantities will affect total drag on a rigid aircraft wing? Correct answer : Angle of attack, wing shape, dynamic pressure and wing area. Which point on the polar curve (refer to attached diagram) represents minimum level flight speed? Correct answer : D Which point in the diagram gives the best glide condition? Correct answer : Point b Which point in the diagram gives the best glide condition? Correct answer : Point b Which phenomenon is counteracted with differential aileron deflection? Correct answer : Adverse yaw. Which part of an aeroplane provides the greatest positive contribution to the static longitudinal stability ? Correct answer : The horizontal tailplane. Which one of the following systems suppresses the tendency to Dutch roll? Correct answer : Yaw damper. Which one of the following statements about the dynamic stability of a conventional aeroplane about the lateral axis is correct? Correct answer : Damping of the phugoid is normally very weak. Which of the following would tend to increase the density altitude at a given airport? Correct answer : An increase in ambient temperature. Which of the following would tend to increase the density altitude at a given airport? Correct answer : An increase in ambient temperature. Which of the following would change the magnitude of the gyroscopic precession effect of the propeller? Correct answer : Propeller RPM. Which of the following will reduce lateral stability? Correct answer : Anhedral Which of the following will give an increase of ground range when gliding at VDmin? Correct answer : A tailwind.

Which of the following statements, about a venturi in a sub-sonic airflow are correct? 1. the dynamic pressure in the undisturbed flow and in the throat are equal. 2. the total pressure in the undisturbed flow and in the throat are equal. Correct answer : 1 is incorrect and 2 is correct. Which of the following statements is true? Correct answer : Limiting factors in severe turbulence are the possibility of a stall and the margin to the structural limitations Which of the following statements is true? Correct answer : energy can not be created nor destroyed. Which of the following statements is true for a glider aircraft? Correct answer : Wind affects range and not endurance. Which of the following statements is correct? Correct answer : Extending flaps in turbulence reduces the stall speed but will reduce the margin to structural limitations. Which of the following statements is correct? Correct answer : Drag acts in the same direction as the relative wind and lift perpendicular to it. Which of the following statements is correct ? I When the critical engine fails during take-off the speed VMCL can be limiting. II The speed VMCL is always limited by maximum rudder deflection. Correct answer : I is incorrect, II is incorrect Which of the following statements is correct ? I VMCL is the minimum control speed in the landing configuration. II The speed VMCL can be limited by the available maximum roll rate Correct answer : I is correct, II is correct Which of the following statements about the spin is correct? Correct answer : During spin recovery the ailerons should be kept in the neutral position. Which of the following statements about the difference between Krueger flaps and slats is correct? Correct answer : Deploying a slat will form a slot, deploying a Krueger flap does not. Which of the following statements about static lateral and directional stability is correct? Correct answer : An aeroplane with an excessive static directional stability in relation to its static lateral stability, will be prone to spiral dive. (spiral instability) Which of the following statements about a constant speed propeller is correct? Correct answer : The blade angle increases with increasing speed. Which of the following situations leads to a decreasing stall speed (IAS)? Correct answer : decreasing weight. Which of the following quantities determines the mass flow in a nozzle? Correct answer : Velocity, density and area. Which of the following must create lift? Correct answer : Air accelerated downwards. Which of the following most accurately describes the airflow which causes wing tip vortices? Correct answer : From the tip to the root on the top surface and from the root to the tip on the bottom surface over the wing tip. Which of the following lists aeroplane features that each increase static lateral stability ? Correct answer : High wing, sweep back, large and high vertical fin. Which of the following is the speed in level flight that would activate the stall warning? Correct answer : 1.05VS1G Which of the following is the reason for putting the horizontal stabiliser on top of the fin, known as a T-tail? Correct answer : to improve the aerodynamic efficiency of the vertical tail. Which of the following is the most effective type of flap system? Correct answer : Fowler Which of the following is the greatest factor causing lift? Correct answer : Suction above the wing. Which of the following is the equation for power? Correct answer : Nm/s Which of the following is the correct formula to calculate the lift component in a steady climb ( is the angle of climb)? Correct answer : W x cos() Which of the following is the correct formula for drag? Correct answer : 1/2 RHO V2 CD S Which of the following is the correct designation of stall speed in the landing configuration?

Correct answer : Vso Which of the following is the cause of wing tip vortices? Correct answer : Air spilling from the bottom surface to the top surface at the wing tip. Which of the following is an advantage of engines mounted on the rear fuselage over those mounted in wing pods? Correct answer : Longitudinal trim is less affected by changes in thrust. Which of the following is a correct statement of gust factors applied in certification under JAR 25? Correct answer : 50fps at VC Which of the following gives an unstable contribution in sideslip? Correct answer : flap extension Which of the following forces enables an aircraft to make a level turn? Correct answer : Lift Which of the following devices may be incorporated in wing design, to reduce spanwise airflow on a swept wing? Correct answer : Vortex generators Which of the following devices is used to counter adverse yaw on rolling into or out of a turn? Correct answer : Differential ailerons. Which of the following definitions of propeller parameters is correct? Correct answer : Geometric propeller pitch is the theoretical distance travelled forward by the propeller in one rotation. Which of the following decreases induced drag? Correct answer : Winglets Which of the following components is most important in determining longitudinal static stability? Correct answer : horizontal tailplane Which of the following combination of characteristics would be most likely make an aircraft susceptible to deep stall? Correct answer : Swept wing and T-tail Which of the following aircraft designs would be most prone to super stall? Correct answer : swept back wing Which motion occurs about the longitudinal axis? Correct answer : Rolling Which moments or motions interact in a dutch roll? Correct answer : Rolling and yawing. Which location on the aeroplane has the largest effect on the induced drag ? Correct answer : Wing tip Which load factor determines VA? Correct answer : manoeuvring limit load factor. Which line represents the total drag line of an aeroplane? Correct answer : Line c Which kind of ''tab'' is commonly used in case of manual reversion of fully powered flight controls ? Correct answer : Servo tab Which kind of boundary layer has the strongest change in velocity close to the surface? Correct answer : Turbulent boundary layer Which has the effect of increasing load factor ? (all other relevant factors being constant) Correct answer : Vertical gusts Which formula or equation describes the relationship between force (F), acceleration (a) and mass (m)? Correct answer : F=m. a Which forces produce the necessary normal acceleration to make an aircraft turn? Correct answer : The horizontal component of lift. Which flight condition might result in a fully developped spin? Correct answer : A basic uncoordinated stall. Which combination of speeds is applicable for structural strength in gust (clean configuration) ? Correct answer : 50 ft/sec and VC. Which combination of design features is known to be responsible for deep stall? Correct answer : Swept back wings and a T-tail.

Which aileron positions should a pilot generally use when taxiing in strong quartering headwinds? Correct answer : Aileron up on the side from which the wind is blowing. Which aeroplane behaviour will be corrected by a yaw damper ? Correct answer : Dutch roll. where PT = Total Pressure, PS = Static pressure and q = Dynamic pressure: Correct answer : PT - PS = q Where on the surface of a typical aerofoil will flow separation normally start at high angles of attack? Correct answer : upper side trailing edge. Where does the lift act on the wing? Correct answer : Centre of Pressure When trailing edge flaps are lowered in flight: Correct answer : the centre of pressure moves aft and the stalling angle of attack reduces. When there is no oil flow to or from the actuator of the CSU, the propeller is: Correct answer : on speed. When the stick is moved forward the stabilizer lift Correct answer : Increases. When the presence of a shock wave causes airflow to seperate from a body, this is known as: Correct answer : a shock stall. When the load factor increases .... Correct answer : an aircraft will stall at a higher speed. When the flyweights of the propeller CSU, during operation, move outwards overcoming the spring force: Correct answer : the propeller is in overspeed. When the C.G. position is moved forward, the elevator deflection for a manoeuvre with a load factor greater than 1 will be: Correct answer : larger. When the C of G is close to the forward limit: Correct answer : very high stick forces are required in pitch because the aircraft is very stable When the blades of a propeller are in the feathered position: Correct answer : the drag of the propeller is then minimal. When the angle of attack of an aircraft is progressively increased, the wing center of pressure will reach its most forward position: Correct answer : at the maximum lift coefficient (Clmax). When the angle of attack is increased, the stagnation point moves .... and the separation point moves .... Correct answer : Backwards; Forward When the angle of attack increases in straight and level flight, we will observe: Correct answer : forward movement of the centre of pressure. When the aircraft CG is on the aft limit, it is: Correct answer : in front of the neutral point When the air is passing through an expansion wave the static temperature will Correct answer : decrease. When the air is passing through an expansion wave the Mach number will Correct answer : increase. When the air is passing through an expansion wave the local speed of sound will Correct answer : decrease. When taking off or landing at an airport where heavy aircraft are operating, one should be particularly alert to the hazards of wingtip vortices because this wake turbulence tends to: Correct answer : sink into the flightpath of aircraft operating below the aircraft generating the turbulence. When spinning to the left, which wing(s) are stalled? Correct answer : Both wings are stalled. When pulling out of a dive (e.g. looping) the angle of attack: Correct answer : increases. When power assisted controls are used for pitch control, this: Correct answer : ensures that a part of the aerodynamic forces is still felt on the column. When maximum RPM is selected at take-off, what happens with the propeller blades if a CSU is installed?

Correct answer : The propeller blades move to a finer pitch to allow the engine to develop maximum power. When making a level turn .... Correct answer : more power is required than in straight and level flight. When landing behind a large aircraft, the pilot should avoid wake turbulence by flying: Correct answer : above the large aircraft's final approach path and landing behind the large aircraft's touchdown point. When is pressure altitude equal to density altitude? Correct answer : At standard temperature. When inner and outer ailerons are mounted, outer ailerons are used: Correct answer : at low speeds When in level flight at 1.3 VS, what is the CL as a percentage of CL MAX? Correct answer : 59% When ice is present on the stabilizer, deflection of flaps may cause: Correct answer : the stabilizer to stall and a vertical dive When Fowler flaps are deployed? Correct answer : They move backwards then downwards. When forward speed ...., the .... of the propeller blades (fixed pitch) .... Correct answer : increases, angle of attack, decreases. When flying at speeds above VA: Correct answer : full elevator deflection may result in damage to the airframe or structural failure. When flutter damping of control surfaces is obtained by mass balancing, these weights will be located with respect to the hinge of the control surface: Correct answer : in front of the hinge. When flaps are extended in a straight and level flight at constant IAS, the lift coefficient will eventually : Correct answer : remain the same. When flaps are deployed at constant angle of attack the lift coefficient will: Correct answer : increase. When entering a stall, the CP of a straight wing will (i) and of a strongly swept wing will (ii): Correct answer : (i) move aft, (ii) move forward When does P-factor cause the airplane to yaw to the left? Correct answer : When the angle of attack on both wings is high. When departing behind a heavy aircraft, the pilot should try to avoid wake turbulence by maneuvering the aircraft: Correct answer : above and upwind from the heavy aircraft. When considering the properties of a laminar and turbulent boundary layer, which of the following statements is correct? Correct answer : friction drag is higher in the turbulent layer. When considering the principle of continuity for incompressible subsonic flow, what happens in a streamtube with a change in crosssectional area? Correct answer : The density at the throat will be the same as the density at the mouth. When considering the coefficient of lift and angle of attack of aerofoil sections: Correct answer : a symmetrical section at zero angle of attack will produce zero coefficient of lift. When considering an angle of attack versus coefficient of lift graph for a cambered aerofoil, where does the lift curve intersect the vertical CL axis? Correct answer : Above the origin. When are the four forces that act on an airplane in equilibrium during flight? Correct answer : In an unaccelerated horizontal flight. When are outboard ailerons (if present) de-activated ? Correct answer : Flaps (and slats) retracted or speed above a certain value. When an airplane is rotating about the longitudinal axis (roll), the down going wing: Correct answer : creates a damping moments, which resists the rolling motion. When an aircraft wing stalls: Correct answer : a swept back wing will stall from the tip and the CP will move forward. When an aircraft selects its undercarriage and flaps down in flight, its VIMD will .... and if it maintained the clean configuration VIMD its speed stability would ..... Correct answer : reduce; increase.

When an aircraft is rolled to port, adverse yaw will be reduced by: Correct answer : a Frise aileron being effective on the port wing. When an aircraft is in a steady climb, how will be the wing stalling angle be affected? Correct answer : The stalling angle will remain the same, regardless of altitude. When an aircraft is in a steady climb (constant IAS), how will be the wing stalling angle be affected? Correct answer : The wing stalling angle will remain the same, regardless of altitude. When an aircraft is in a spin (autorotation): Correct answer : the inner wing is fully stalled and the outer wing is partially stalled. When an aircraft is in a sideslip: Correct answer : wing dihedral will cause a rolling moment which reduces the sideslip. When an aircraft is in a non-accelerated level flight, what are the relationships between lift, weight, thrust and drag? Correct answer : Lift is equal to weight and thrust is equal to drag. When an aircraft is in a gliding flight: Correct answer : thrust is replaced by a component of weight to maintain airspeed. When an aircraft is in a climb at a constant indicated airspeed: Correct answer : the aerodynamic drag component is less than the thrust. When an aircraft is flying at speeds above Mach 1, pressure disturbances from the aircraft will be felt only: Correct answer : within the Mach cone. When an aircraft is descending with the engines running at idle RPM: Correct answer : thrust is less than drag. When an aircraft fitted with a constant speed propeller is in level flight, and a climb is initiated: Correct answer : the RPM will remain constant as the blades move to a finer pitch. When an aircraft fitted with a constant speed propeller is in level flight, and a climb is initiated: Correct answer : the RPM will remain constant as the blades move to a finer pitch. When an aircraft enters ground effect: Correct answer : the lift vector is inclined forwards which reduces the thrust required. When an aileron is deflected downward, it causes: Correct answer : an increase in both induced drag and profile drag. When an aeroplane with the centre of gravity forward of the centre of pressure of the combined wing / fuselage is in straight and level flight, the vertical load on the tailplane will be: Correct answer : downwards. When airflow over a wing becomes supersonic, the pressure pattern on the top surface will become: Correct answer : irregular. When air has passed through a shock wave the speed of sound is Correct answer : increased. When air has passed an expansion wave, the static pressure is: Correct answer : decreased. When ailerons are deployed: Correct answer : induced drag increases on the up going wing. When ailerons are deployed: Correct answer : induced drag increases on the up going wing. When accelerating through the region of transonic flight: Correct answer : the centre of pressure will move aft and cause an increased stability in pitch. When accelerating through the region of transonic flight: Correct answer : the centre of pressure will move aft and cause an increased stability in pitch. When a trailing edge flap is lowered in flight: Correct answer : the lift-to-drag ratio decreases as induced and profile drag increase. When a trailing edge flap is lowered fully: Correct answer : the C of P moves to the rear and lift/drag ratio is decreased. When a supersonic airflow passes through an oblique shockwave static pressure will ..... and temperature will .... Correct answer : rise; rise

When a supersonic airflow passes through an expansion wave speed will .... and temperature wil .... Correct answer : increase; fall When a simple flap at the trailing edge of the wing is rotated downward, the .... of the airfoil is effectively ...., with a consequent .... in Clmax for the wing. Correct answer : camber, increased, increase When a jet aircraft enters a turn or straightens-up from a turn, what device ensures correct response? Correct answer : aileron - rudder coupling. When a fowler flap moves back: Correct answer : wing area increases, camber increases. When a fluid element flows through an oblique shock wave: Correct answer : total temperature stays the same, Mach-number decreases and static temperature increases. When a fluid element flows through a normal shock wave: Correct answer : the Mach-number decreases and static pressure increases. What wing shape or wing characteristic is the least sensitive to turbulence : Correct answer : swept wings What wing produces most of its lift at the root? Correct answer : Rectangular What will increase the sensitivity to Dutch Roll? Correct answer : An increased static lateral stability. What type of high lift device is depicted on the attached picture? Correct answer : Slat What percentage increase in lift is required to maintain altitude while in a 45 degree bank turn? Correct answer : 41% What must happen to the CL when flaps are deployed while maintaining a constant IAS in straight and level flight? Correct answer : Remain constant What is true regarding deployment of Slats / Krueger flaps? Correct answer : Slats form a slot, Krueger flaps do not. What is the standard stall recovery for a light aircraft? Correct answer : Pitch down, stick neutral roll, correct for bank with rudder What is the SI unit which results from multiplying kg and m/s squared? Correct answer : Newton What is the relationship of VMO and MMO, in a climb and descent? Correct answer : If climbing at VMO, it is possible to exceed MMO. What is the relationship between lift and weight when an airplane is in an accelerated climbing flight? Correct answer : Lift is less than weight. What is the purpose of the rudder on an airplane? Correct answer : To control the aircraft about the yaw-axis. What is the purpose of the rudder on an airplane? Correct answer : To control the aircraft about the yaw-axis. What is the purpose of the mach trim? Correct answer : to counteract the tuck-under effect. What is the purpose of the ailerons? Correct answer : To give lateral control about the longitudinal axis. What is the position of the elevator in relation to the trimmable horizontal stabilizer of a power assisted aeroplane, which is in trim ? Correct answer : The position depends on speed, the position of slats and flaps and the position of the centre of gravity. What is the percentage increase in stall speed in a 45 bank turn? Correct answer : 19% What is the main purpose of wing flaps? Correct answer : To enable the pilot to make steeper approaches without increasing the airspeed. What is the main function of a leading edge slat? Correct answer : To increase the wing stalling angle of attack. What is the limit load factor of a large transport aeroplane in the manoeuvring diagram?

Correct answer : 2.5 What is the influence of decreasing aeroplane weight on Mcrit at constant IAS ? Correct answer : Mcrit increases as a result of flying at a smaller angle of attack. What is the effect on the lateral stability of an aircraft, when a high wing is employed? Correct answer : Lateral stability will be improved. What is the effect on TAS if altitude is increased to 35,000 ft while flying at a constant Mach number? Correct answer : Decrease What is the effect on induced drag on entering the ground effect? Correct answer : Induced drag decreases. What is the effect of lowering leading edge and trailing edge flaps in flight? Correct answer : Cl increases, Cd increases and the stalling angle of attack increases. What is the effect of high aspect ratio of an aeroplane's wing on induced drag? Correct answer : It is reduced because the effect of wing-tip vortices is reduced. What is the effect of deploying trailing edge flaps? Correct answer : Increased minimum glide angle What is the danger when recovering from an emergency descent? Correct answer : structural damage What is the correct relation of the True Air Speed (TAS) for minimum sink rate (VR/Dmin) and best glide angle (VBest glide) at a given altitude? Correct answer : V(R/Dmin) is less then V(Best glide). What is the approximate value of the lift of an aeroplane at a gross weight of 50 000 N, in a horizontal coordinated 45 degrees banked turn ? Correct answer : 70 000 N What is the angle of attack (Aerodynamic angle of incidence)? Correct answer : Angle of the chord line to the relative free stream flow What is the advantage of a variable incidence tailplane over a fixed incidence tailplane with elevator and trim tab? Correct answer : Less trim drag and maximum elevator authority retained. What is pressure altitude? Correct answer : The altitude indicated when the barometric pressure scale is set to 29.92. What is load factor? Correct answer : Lift / Weight What is ground effect? Correct answer : The result of interference of the surface of the Earth with the airflow around the wing and tailplane. What is density altitude? Correct answer : The pressure altitude corrected for nonstandard temperature. What happens to the stall speed with flaps down, when compared to flaps up? Correct answer : Decrease What factors determine the distance travelled over the ground of an aeroplane in a glide ? Correct answer : The wind and the lift/drag ratio, which changes with angle of attack What effect will gusts and turbulence have on the load factor of an airplane when it changes its airspeed? Correct answer : Load factor increases as airspeed increases. What effect on induced drag does entering ground effect have? Correct answer : Decrease What determines the longitudinal stability of an airplane? Correct answer : The location of the CG with respect to the neutral point of the airplane. What causes a propeller driven airplane (except T-tail) to pitch nose-down when power is suddenly reduced and the primary flight controls are not adjusted? Correct answer : The downwash on the elevators from the propeller slipstream is reduced and therefore elevator effectiveness is reduced. What can happen to the aeroplane structure flying at a speed just exceeding VA ? Correct answer : It may suffer permanent deformation if the elevator is fully deflected upwards What are the two forces into which the lift force may be resolved when an aircraft is executing a turn? Correct answer : centripetal force and a force equal and opposite to weight.

What are the standard temperature and pressure values for sea level? Correct answer : 15C and 29.92" Hg. What are the effects of tropical rain on: (i) CLMAX (ii) Drag Correct answer : (i) decrease (ii) increase. If a smaller flap setting is selected for take-off compared to a larger angle of flap selection: What action must the pilot take to maintain altitude and airspeed when turning in a jet aircraft? Correct answer : Increase angle of attack and thrust. Weight acts: Correct answer : parallel to the gravitational force. Wash out is: Correct answer : a decrease in incidence from root to tip Vso is defined as the: Correct answer : stalling speed or minimum steady flight speed in the landing configuration. Vortex generators: Correct answer : use free stream flow to increase energy in the turbulent boundary layer Vortex generators on the upper side of the wing: Correct answer : decrease wave drag. Vortex generators on the upper side of the wing surface will: Correct answer : decrease the intensity of shock wave induced air separation. Vortex generators on a straight wing are used to: Correct answer : delay boundary layer separation. Vno is defined as the: Correct answer : maximum structural cruising speed. VMO : Correct answer : should be not greater than VC. VMCL2 is the speed at which: Correct answer : directional and lateral control can be maintained in the landing configuration, two engines inoperative. VMCL can be limited by: (i) engine failure on take-off (ii) roll rate Correct answer : (ii) is correct, (i) is incorrect Vmcg is defined as the minimum speed which directional control on the ground can be recovered and maintained under which condition: Correct answer : By use of rudder only Ventral fin has its greatest effect at Correct answer : Low speed, high angle of attack Vectors: Correct answer : have a magnitude and a direction. VA is: Correct answer : the maximum speed at which maximum elevator deflection up is allowed. Under which condition will pressure altitude be equal to true altitude? Correct answer : When standard atmospheric conditions exist. Under what condition is pressure altitude equal to density altitude? Correct answer : When the temperature is standard. Under what condition is indicated altitude the same as true altitude? Correct answer : At sea level in standard conditions (ISA). Two identical aircraft of the same weight fly at two different altitudes (in straight and level flight and the same angle of attack). All other important factors remaining constant, assuming no compressibility and ISA conditions, what is the TAS of each Correct answer : Greater in the higher aircraft Tuck under is: Correct answer : the tendency to nose down when speed is increased into the transonic flight regime. Tuck under is a phenomenon which occur: Correct answer : on a/c in transsonic flight Trailing edge flap extension will:

Correct answer : decrease the critical angle of attack and increase the value of CLmax. Total Drag is the sum of: Correct answer : Induced drag, pressure drag, skin friction drag and interference drag. Total Drag is a combination of: Correct answer : Induced drag, wave drag, skin friction drag, pressure drag and interference drag. To obtain both a small turn radius and a large turn rate, we want: Correct answer : the highest possible load factor and the lowest possible velocity. To maintain level flight, if the angle of attack is increased the speed must be: Correct answer : reduced. To increase the critical Mach number a conventional aerofoil should Correct answer : have a low thickness to chord ratio. To hold a given sideslip angle and airspeed, increased geometric dihedral would: Correct answer : increase the stick force. To counteract the effect of slipstream on a single engined aircraft: Correct answer : the fin should be placed as far as possible from the propeller. To counteract the effect of slipstream on a single engined aircraft: Correct answer : the fin should be placed as far as possible from the propeller. To be able to predict compressibility effects you have to determine the: Correct answer : Mach Number. Thrust forces acting on a propeller blade in flight will tend to: Correct answer : bend the blades forward in the direction of flight. Thrust available .... and power available .... as altitude decreases. Correct answer : Increases, increases. Thickness-to-chord ratio is: Correct answer : maximum wing thickness divided by the mean chord. There are two types of boundary layer: laminar and turbulent. One important advantage the turbulent boundary layer has over the laminar type is that : Correct answer : it has less tendency to separate from the surface The wing dihedral angle is defined as: Correct answer : the upward inclination of the wing to the lateral axis. The wing dihedral angle is defined as: Correct answer : the upward inclination of the wing to the lateral axis. The wind condition that requires maximum caution when avoiding wake turbulence on landing is a: Correct answer : Light, quartering tailwind. The 'wash out' of a wing is: Correct answer : a reduction in its angle of incidence from root to tip. The value of the parasite drag in straight and level flight at constant weight varies linearly with the: Correct answer : square of the speed. The value of the manoeuvre stability of an aeroplane is 150 N/g. The load factor in straight and level flight is 1. The increase of stick force necessary to achieve the load factor of 2.5 is: Correct answer : 225 N. The value of the induced drag of an aeroplane in straight and level flight at constant weight varies linearly with: Correct answer : 1/V The units of the density of the air (I) and the force (II) are: Correct answer : (I) kg / m3, (II) N. The units of a turning moment are: Correct answer : Newton x meters. The type of flap which extends rearward from the trailing edge of the wing as it is lowered is called: Correct answer : a fowler flap. The two areas of speed instability in transonic aircraft are: Correct answer : below VDmin, M 0.89 to 0.98 The turn indicator shows a right turn. The slip indicator is left of neutral. To coordinate the turn:

Correct answer : more right bank is required. The transition point located on the wing is the point where ... Correct answer : the boundary layer changes from laminar flow to turbulent flow. The transition point is the point where: Correct answer : the boundary layer changes from laminar to turbulent flow. The trailing edge device shown in the following figure is a: Correct answer : plain flap. The trailing edge device shown in the figure is a: Correct answer : fowler flap. The torque reaction of a clockwise turning propeller will cause: Correct answer : roll to the left. The thickness of a propeller blade .... from root to tip. Correct answer : decreases The theoretical best range speed for a jet aircraft at low level is: Correct answer : approximately 1.32 times the minimum drag speed. The term angle of attack is defined as: Correct answer : the angle between the wing chord line and the relative wind The term "angle of attack" is defined as the angle: Correct answer : between the wing chord line and the relative wind. The tendency for propeller-driven aircraft to swing to one side on take-off is causes by: Correct answer : assymetric blade effect, torque reaction, slipstream effect and gyroscopic effect. The taper ratio is: Correct answer : the ratio of wing tip chord to wing root chord. The sweepback on a wing will: Correct answer : increase the possibility of a wing tip stall. The static pressure is acting: Correct answer : in all directions. The standard procedure for recovery from a stall in a light single engine aircraft is: Correct answer : maximum power; stick - roll neutral and forward, correct for bank with rudder. The stalling speed of an aircraft in a turn is equal to: Correct answer : the basic stalling speed x the square root of the load factor. The stalling angle of attack of a typical airfoil is approximately: Correct answer : 15 The speed of sound is a function of altitude because: Correct answer : temperature varies with altitude. The speed of sound in a perfect gas depends only on the .... of the gas. Correct answer : temperature The speed of sound in a more compressible fluid, compared to a less compressible fluid is: Correct answer : higher. The speed for minimum sink rate in a glide, compared to the speed for maximum distance VIMD is: Correct answer : slower than VIMD. The speed for minimum glide angle occurs at a certain angle of attack. Which are the corresponding aerodynamic coefficients(s) ? Correct answer : (CL/CD)max The span-wise flow is caused by the difference between the air pressure on top and beneath the wing and its direction of movement goes from : Correct answer : beneath to the top of the wing via the wing tip The SI unit of power is: Correct answer : Watt. The SI unit of force is: Correct answer : Newton. The SI unit of energy is: Correct answer : Joule.

The short-period mode of longitudinal dynamic stability is: Correct answer : a rapid oscillation about the lateral axis. The shape of the gust load diagram is also determinated by the following three vertical speed in ft/s (clean configuration) : Correct answer : 25, 50, 66 The relationship between induced drag and the aspect ratio is: Correct answer : a decrease in the aspect ratio increases the induced drag The reason for having a trim system on powered assisted flying controls is: Correct answer : enables the stick force to be reduced to zero. The range of control surface movements is limited by: Correct answer : mechanical control stops. The purpose of the feathering stop on a variable pitch propeller is to: Correct answer : prevent the propeller blades from moving beyond the feather position The purpose of the CSU oil booster pump of a variable pitch propeller is to: Correct answer : increase the engine oil pressure for propeller operation. The purpose of deploying leading edge slats is to: Correct answer : increase the stalling angle The purpose of a fixed spoiler on the leading edge of a wing at the root is to: Correct answer : ensure that the root of the wing stalls before the tip does. The propeller CTM will: Correct answer : Move the blades about their longitudinal axis The propeller blade angle of attack on a fixed pitch propeller is increased when : Correct answer : RPM increases and forward velocity decreases The principle reason for employing wing sweep on an aircraft is to : Correct answer : increase the critical flight Mach-number (Mcrit). The Principle of Continuity states that in a tube of increasing cross-sectional area, the speed of a supersonic airflow will: Correct answer : increase. The Principle of Continuity states that in a streamtube of increasing cross-sectional area, the speed of a subsonic and incompressible airflow will: Correct answer : decrease. The Principle of Continuity states that in a streamtube of decreasing cross-sectional area, the speed of a subsonic and incompressible airflow will: Correct answer : increase. The primary purpose of a trailing edge flap is to: Correct answer : cause the wing to generate more lift at a given angle of attack and airspeed. The positive manoeuvring limit load factor for a light aeroplane in the utility category in the clean configuration is: Correct answer : 4.4 The positive manoeuvring limit load factor for a large jet transport aeroplane with flaps extended is: Correct answer : 2.0 The pilot use the rudder to provide control around the: Correct answer : Normal axis The phugoid motion is a long term oscillation around the Correct answer : Lateral axis. The pendulum effect on a high wing aeroplane: Correct answer : improves lateral stability The output of a turboprop engine is usually indicated by, Correct answer : torque The optimum angle of attack of an airfoil is the angle at which: Correct answer : the highest lift-to-drag ratio is produced. The optimum angle of attack for a typical airfoil is about ... , and the actual angle of attack will be close to this optimum angle during .... Correct answer : 4, cruise. The normal tendency of a propeller blade when it rotates is:

Correct answer : to go into low pitch if not equipped with counterweights. The normal stall recovery procedure for a light single engined aeroplane is: Correct answer : full power and stick roll-neutral nose-down, correcting for angle of bank with rudder. The most important problem of ice accretion on an aeroplane during flight is: Correct answer : reduction in CLmax. The most common stall sensing devices are normally located: Correct answer : at or near the wing leading edge The minimum drag of an aeroplane is a function of: Correct answer : weight, aspect ratio and zero-lift drag coefficient. The mean chord is calculated by: Correct answer : dividing the gross wing area by the wing span The maximum obtainable lift coefficient ... when the Mach-number ... Correct answer : decreases, increases. The maximum load factor that can be imposed on an airplane depends mainly on: Correct answer : the speed of the airplane. The maximum lift-to-drag ratio for an aircraft 13,6. Calculate the minimum glide angle and the maximum range measured along the ground covered by the airplane in a power-off glide that starts at an altitude of 10.000ft. Correct answer : Minimum glide angle = 4.2 degrees, maximum range = 25.6 miles. The maximum glide range of an aircraft will depend on wind and: Correct answer : the ratio to lift to drag which varies according to angle of attack. The maximum angle of attack for the flaps down configuration, compared to flaps up is: Correct answer : smaller The maximum acceptable cruising altitude is limited by a minimum acceptable loadfactor because exceeding that altitude: Correct answer : turbulence may induce Mach buffet. The max aft position of the centre of gravity is amongst others limited by the: Correct answer : minimum value of the stick force per g. The manoeuvrability of an aeroplane is best when the: Correct answer : C.G. is on the aft C.G. limit. The Mach trim system will prevent: Correct answer : tuck under. The Mach cone semi-angle: Correct answer : decreases with increasing speed. The longitudinal stability of an airplane is mainly dependent on the size and/or position of: Correct answer : the centre of gravity position. The location of the centre of pressure of a positive cambered wing at increasing angle of attack will: Correct answer : shift forward. The location of mass balance weights is: Correct answer : in front of the hinge line. The load factor n is: Correct answer : smaller, equal to or larger than 1, depending on the manoeuver. The load factor is defined as: Correct answer : lift divided by weight. The lift of an aeroplane of weight W in a constant linear climb with a climb angle (gamma) is approximately: Correct answer : Wcos.gamma. The lift generated by a wing depends upon: Correct answer : Angle of attack, wing shape, air density, velocity, wing area, M-number and Re-number. The lift coefficient of a wing at a given angle of attack: Correct answer : increases when using high lift devices. The lift coefficient (CL) of an aeroplane in steady horizontal flight is 0.42, increase in angle of attack of 1 degree increases CL by is 0.1. A vertical up gust instantly changes the angle of attack by 3 degrees. The load factor will be : Correct answer : 1.71

The lift coefficient (CL) of an aeroplane in steady horizontal flight is 0.4. Increase of angle of attack of 1 degree will increase CL by 0.09. A vertical up gust instantly changes the angle of attack by 5 degrees. The load factor will be : Correct answer : 2.13 The lift coefficient (CL) of an aeroplane in steady horizontal flight is 0.35. Increase in angle of attack of 1 degree will increase CL by 0.079. A vertical up gust instantly changes the angle of attack by 2 degrees. The load factor will be : Correct answer : 1.45 The left turning tendency of an airplane caused by P-factor is the result of: Correct answer : the propeller blade descending on the right hand side, producing more thrust than the ascending blade on the left. The least energy loss through a normal shockwave occurs when the local Mach number is: Correct answer : just above 1.0 M The law of inertia is also known as: Correct answer : Newtons first law. The L/D ratio in flight will be at its highest value at: Correct answer : the optimum angle of attack The inputs to the 'Q' unit are from: Correct answer : pitot and static. The inputs to the Q feel unit are from: Correct answer : pitot and static pressures. The influence of ground affect on landing distance will be to: Correct answer : increase landing distance The induced drag: Correct answer : increases as the lift coefficient increases. The induced drag of an aircraft in level flight: Correct answer : decreases with increasing airspeed. The increased upwash experienced at the leading edge of a wing when trailing edge flaps are lowered causes: Correct answer : an increase in the angle of attack. The illustration shows a: Correct answer : split flap. The IAS of a stall: Correct answer : may increase with increasing altitude, especially high altitude; forward CG and icing. The greatest vortex strength occurs when the generating aircraft is: Correct answer : heavy, clean, and slow. The greatest drag produced by the variable pitch propeller on a piston engine will occur when the propeller is: Correct answer : windmilling The glide range of an aircraft is affected by: Correct answer : the lift/drag ratio The geometric pitch of a propeller is: Correct answer : the distance the propeller would travel per revolution if it were retarded in a solid medium. The frontal area of a body, placed in a certain airstream is increased by a factor 3. The shape will not alter. The aerodynamic drag will increase with a factor : Correct answer : 3 . The freestream Mach-number at which te drag coefficient begins to increase rapidly is defined as the .... Mach-number. Correct answer : drag divergence The freestream Mach-number at which te drag coefficient begins to increase rapidly is defined as the .... Mach-number. Correct answer : drag divergence The four forces of lift, weight, thrust and drag in level flight act through: Correct answer : the C of G The four basic forces acting on an airplane in unaccelerated flight are: Correct answer : lift, weight, thrust and drag. The formula for the Mach Number is: (a= speed of sound) Correct answer : M= TAS / a The following unit of measurement: kgm/s is expressed in the SI-system as : Correct answer : Newton

The following is true concerning a balance tab. It is: Correct answer : a form of aerodynamic balance The flaperon is a control that operates simultaneously as: Correct answer : flaps and ailerons. The first action in event of propeller runaway (overspeed condition), should be to: Correct answer : close the throttle The fineness ratio of an airfoil is: Correct answer : thickness / chord ratio The fineness ratio is: Correct answer : the inverse of the thickness-to-chord ratio. The extreme right limitation for both V-n (gust and manoeuvre) diagrams is created by the speed: Correct answer : VD The equation of Bernouilli should only be used for .... and .... flow. Correct answer : incompressible, inviscid The effects of very heavy rain (tropical rain) on the aerodynamic characteristics of an aeroplane are: Correct answer : decrease of CLmax and increase of drag. The effects of CG position on longitudinal static stability and control response will be: Correct answer : forward movement of the CG will reduce control response and increase stability. The effect of Mach trim on stick forces for power operated controls: Correct answer : is to maintain the required stick force gradient . The effect of differential ailerons in a turn will be: Correct answer : increased profile drag on the inner wing The effect of a ventral fin on the static stability of an aeroplane is as follows : (1=longitudinal, 2=lateral, 3=directional) Correct answer : 1 : no effect, 2 : negative, 3 : positive The effect of a swept wing is to give: Correct answer : positive dihedral effect. The effect of a positive wing sweep on static directional stability is as follows: Correct answer : Stabilizing effect The effect of a highly cambered airfoil on longitudinal stability will be? Correct answer : No effect. The effect of a high wing with zero dihedral is as follows: Correct answer : Positive dihedral effect The effect of a headwind is to .... the climb gradient and to .... the rate of climb. Correct answer : increase, not affect. The drag coefficient of a sphere is approximately: Correct answer : 0.25 The distribution of .... and .... in a structure determine natural frequencies and modes of vibration. Correct answer : mass, stiffness The distance between the CG Datum and the CG Neutral Point in straight and level flight is called the: Correct answer : CG static margin. The direction of drag is: Correct answer : parallel to the freestream airflow. The difference between power available and power required .... Correct answer : decreases when the aircraft climbs. The difference between IAS and TAS will: Correct answer : decrease with decreasing altitude. The de-icing of a propeller by fluid is achieved through: Correct answer : slinger rings The CTM of a propeller is : Correct answer : a force which turns the blades towards fine pitch. The critical speed where the speed is too low and too high at the same time is called:

Correct answer : Coffin corner The critical Mach Number of an aeroplane is the free stream Mach Number, which produces the first evidence of : Correct answer : local sonic flow. The correct drag formula is: Correct answer : D = Cd 1/2 RHO V S The consequences of exceeding Mcrit in a swept-wing aeroplane may be : (assume no corrective devices, straight and level flight) Correct answer : buffeting of the aeroplane and a tendency to pitch down. The chord line is: Correct answer : a straight line from the leading edge of the wing to the trailing edge of the wing. The centrifugal turning or twisting moment on a propeller will: Correct answer : cause the blades to move to a finer pitch when rotating. The centre of pressure of an airfoil is: Correct answer : a point on the wing where the lift force intersects with the chord line. The centre of pressure (c.o.p) is in its most forward position: Correct answer : when the angle of attack is equal to the stalling angle of attack. The centre of gravity of an aircraft is on its most forward limit in straight and level flight. What effect will this have on longitudinal stability? Correct answer : An increased download will exist on the tailplane with an associated increase in longitudinal stability. The centre of gravity of an aircraft is on its most forward limit in straight and level flight. What effect will this have on longitudinal stability? Correct answer : An increased download will exist on the tailplane with an associated increase in longitudinal stability. The centre of gravity moving aft will: Correct answer : increase the elevator up effectiveness. The bow wave will appear first at: Correct answer : M= 1.0 The boundary layer of a wing is caused by: Correct answer : a layer on the wing in which the stream velocity is lower than the free stream velocity, due to friction. The boundary layer of a body in a moving airstream is: Correct answer : a layer of air over the surface where the airspeed is changing from free stream velocity to zero velocity. The boundary layer is considered to be turbulent: Correct answer : between the transition and separation points. The booster pump fitted to the CSU of a constant speed propeller: Correct answer : increases the engine lubricating oil pressure for propeller operation. The blade angle of a fixed pitch propeller remains the same in flight. The angle of attack of the blade: Correct answer : increases when airspeed decreases and vice versa. The Beta Range of a propeller is used .... Correct answer : for ground maneuvering. The bank angle in a rate-one turn depends on: Correct answer : TAS. The aspect ratio is: Correct answer : the ratio between the span and the mean chord. The angle of climb of an aircraft is proportional to .... and .... as weight increases: Correct answer : excess thrust, decreases The angle of attack of a wing controls the Correct answer : Distribution of positive and negative pressure acting on the wing. The angle of attack is the angle between: Correct answer : the chord line and the direction of the airflow. The angle of attack at which a wing stalls will: Correct answer : remain the same regardless of gross weight. The angle of attack (aerodynamic angle of incidence) of an aerofoil is the angle between the: Correct answer : chord line and the relative undisturbed airflow. The angle between the airflow (relative wind) and the chord line of an aerofoil is:

Correct answer : angle of attack. The angle between the aeroplane longitudinal axis and the chord line is the: Correct answer : angle of incidence. The airfoil chord line is: Correct answer : a straight line from the wing leading edge to the trailing edge. The airflow over the upper surface of the wing of an aircraft in level flight compared to the free stream air will: Correct answer : experience an increase in velocity and a reduction in pressure. The airflow over the upper surface of the wing of an aircraft in level flight compared to the free stream air will: Correct answer : experience an increase in velocity and a reduction in pressure. The ailerons on the wing of an aircraft are used for: Correct answer : lateral control about the longitudinal axis. The aft movement of the centre of pressure during the acceleration through the transonic flight regime will: Correct answer : increase the static longitudinal stability. The aerodynamic centre of the wing is the point, where: Correct answer : pitching moment coefficient does not vary with angle of attack. The additional increase of drag at Mach Numbers above the critical Mach Number is due to: Correct answer : wave drag. The A320 fly-by-wire control laws make the aircraft positively spirally stable at bank angles above 33 and neutrally spirally stable at bank angles less than 33. Choose from the list the behaviour that will follow from this in a trimmed level turn at bank angles of 45 and 20 if the controls are released: I. Bank angle will increase II. Bank angle will remain constant III. Bank angle will decrease Correct answer : 45 bank : III; 20 bank : II The (subsonic) static pressure: Correct answer : decreases in a flow in a tube when the diameter decreases. The (1) stick force stability and the (2) manoeuvre stability are positively affected by: Correct answer : (1) forward C.G. position (2) forward CG. position. That portion of the aircraft's total drag created by the production of lift is called: Correct answer : Induced drag, and is greatly affected by changes in airspeed. Taper ratio is defined as: Correct answer : wing tip chord divided by wing root chord. Stick pusher is installed in aircraft when: Correct answer : the a/c has failed to meet the stalling requirements by normal category Stalling speed in a 15 bank level turn is 60kt. The stalling speed in a 45 bank level turn will be: Correct answer : 70kt Stability on an aircraft means: Correct answer : the ability to return to the original trimmed position when disturbed Stability on an aircraft means: Correct answer : the ability to return to the original trimmed position when disturbed Spoiler deflection causes : Correct answer : an increase in drag and decrease in lift Speedbrakes are a device used on large transport category aircraft: Correct answer : to increase drag in order to maintain a steeper gradient of descent Some airplanes have spring tabs mounted into the control system: This is to provide: Correct answer : a reduction in the pilots effort to move the controls against high airloads Should a transport aeroplane fly at a higher Mach number than the 'buffet-onset' Mach number? Correct answer : No, this is not acceptable Shockwaves at MFS above MDET will be: Correct answer : oblique. Running an engine fitted with a fixed pitch propeller at full throttle with the aircraft stationary and nose into a strong headwind will result in a: Correct answer : higher RPM than in still air. Rudder controls: Correct answer : Yaw.

Rolling means rotating about the: Correct answer : longitudinal axis. Rolling is the rotation of the aeroplane about the: Correct answer : longitudinal axis. Roll is: Correct answer : rotation about the longitudinal axis. Reverse pitch propellers are used: Correct answer : to provide aerodynamic braking on the ground. Reduction of flutter may be achieved using: Correct answer : lumped masses attached forward of the control surface hinge line. Reducing the thickness/chord ratio on a wing will: Correct answer : all of the above. Propeller torque is caused by: Correct answer : the aerodynamic forces on the propeller blades. Propeller efficiency may be defined as the ratio between: Correct answer : usable (power available) power of the propeller and shaft power. Propeller efficiency is best described as: Correct answer : thrust HP to shaft HP. Propeller aircraft flown at medium altitude at the recommended EAS will have a better specific air range (SAR) than at sea level because: Correct answer : engine efficiency is greater. Profile drag: Correct answer : is proportional to the square of the speed Profile drag in straight and level flight: Correct answer : is proportional to the square of the speed. Power assisted flying control systems have trim controls primarily in order to: Correct answer : bring the control forces to zero in steady flight. Possible solutions to reduce the control column forces required to deflect large control surfaces in flight are: Correct answer : aerodynamic balancing. Possible solutions to reduce the control column forces required to deflect large control surfaces in flight are: Correct answer : aerodynamic balancing. Positive static stability of an aeroplane means that once it has been displaced the : Correct answer : initial tendency to move is towards its equilibrium position. Pitch is movement around the Correct answer : lateral axis. Pitch angle is defined as: Correct answer : the angle between the longitudinal axis of the aircraft and the local horizon. One way to increase Mcrit is to : Correct answer : Move the section with maximum thickness well aft One purpose of vortex generators is: Correct answer : to prevent tip stalling on a swept wing. One of the main purposes of using flaps during approach and landing is to: Correct answer : increase the angle of descent without increasing the airspeed. One method to compensate adverse yaw is a Correct answer : differential aileron. One feature of a wing is the Mean Chord which is the: Correct answer : wing area divided by the span One advantage of a movable-stabilizer system compared with a fixed stabilizer system is that: Correct answer : it is a more powerful means of trimming One a variable pitch propeller, were can you find the largest blade angle? Correct answer : at the blade root. On the polar diagram, point C corresponds to:

Correct answer : the critical angle of attack. On the diagram below, of a JAR25 stress limit diagram, VA, VC and VD are respectively: Correct answer : C, E, F On entering ground effect: Correct answer : less power is required. On an untapered wing of constant section: Correct answer : induced downwash is maximum at the wing tip. On an aircraft fitted with a variable pitch propeller, if engine RPM is to remain constant when engine power is increased, it requires: Correct answer : an increase in blade angle. On a typical transonic airfoil the transonic rearward shift of the CP occurs at about: Correct answer : M 0.89 to M 0.98 On a swept back wing, in which of the following locations would Krueger Flaps be fitted? Correct answer : Inboard leading edge On a non swept wing, when the aerofoil is accelerated from subsonic to supersonic speeds, the aerodynamic centre : Correct answer : shifts from 25% to about 50% of the aerofoil chord. On a cambered airfoil, as the angle of attack increases from zero to about ten degrees, the Centre of Pressure: Correct answer : moves forward and then remains in the same place. Nose-wheel steering is not used in certification of Vmcg because: Correct answer : all of the above. Minimum total drag of an aircraft occurs: Correct answer : when profile drag equals induced drag. Mean chord is equal to: Correct answer : wing area divided by wing span. Mcrit is the speed at which Correct answer : sonic flow is first achieved above the surface of the airfoil Mcrit is the free stream Mach Number at which: Correct answer : somewhere about the airframe Mach 1 is reached locally. Mcrit is the free stream Mach number at which: Correct answer : the first local Mach number at any point on the aircraft equals M1.0 Mass balance to reduce control flutter is not required on: Correct answer : aircraft with a fully powered irreversible control system with no manual emergency system. Manoeuvrability is best at: Correct answer : aft CG position. Longitudinal static stability is created by the fact that the: Correct answer : centre of gravity is located in front of the neutral point of the aeroplane. Longitudinal stability will be greatest: Correct answer : when the centre of gravity is most forward. Longitudinal dynamic oscillation takes two forms. One of these, long period oscillation, involves slow changes in: Correct answer : height and speed. Loading an airplane to the aft centre of gravity limit will cause the airplane to be: Correct answer : less stable for all airspeeds. Load Factor is defined as: Correct answer : lift divided by weight. Load factor is defined as the actual lift produced by the wings .... Correct answer : divided by the total weight of the aircraft. Load factor is : Correct answer : Lift/Weight Lift is the component of the total aerodynamic force which is: Correct answer : perpendicular to the freestream airflow. Lift is generated when: Correct answer : a certain mass of air is accelerated downwards.

Lift is created over a wing because: Correct answer : airflow accelerates of the top surface of the airfoil creating a reduction in static pressure. Lift is created over a wing because: Correct answer : airflow accelerates of the top surface of the airfoil creating a reduction in static pressure. Lift is a function of: Correct answer : Velocity, Wing Area, CL and Density. Lift and drag respectively are normal and parallel to: Correct answer : the relative airflow. Left rudder input will cause: Correct answer : left yaw about the vertical axis and left roll about the longitudinal axis. Lateral static stability is determined by: Correct answer : aircraft response to sideslip Lateral stability can be increased using: Correct answer : wing dihedral. Just above the critical Mach number the first evidence of a shock wave will appear at the Correct answer : upper side of the wing. It is possible to have an aileron control aerodynamically balanced by: Correct answer : setting the hinge back into the control surface Interference drag can be reduced using: Correct answer : fairings. Induced drag varies .... with speed, lift varies .... with speed and profile drag varies .... with speed. Correct answer : inversely proportional, proportional, proportional Induced drag on a wing in level flight: Correct answer : is greatest at the tip Induced drag may be reduced by: Correct answer : an increase in aspect ratio Induced drag is also known as: Correct answer : vortex drag. Induced drag in straight and level flight is: Correct answer : inversely proportional to the square of speed (TAS). Induced drag : Correct answer : increases when reducing the wing aspect ratio. Increasing the number of propeller blades will: Correct answer : increase the maximum absorption of power. Increasing the camber on propeller blades will, if all else is the same: Correct answer : increase the power absorption capability. Increasing the aspect ratio of a wing .... Correct answer : decreases induced drag. In which situation would the wing lift of an aeroplane in straight and level flight have the highest value ? (The engines are mounted below the wing) Correct answer : Forward centre of gravity and idle thrust. In what way do (1) induced drag and (2) parasite drag alter with increasing speed? Correct answer : (1) decreases and (2) increases. In the transonic range the aeroplane characteristics are strongly determined by: Correct answer : the Mach Number. In the transonic range lift will decrease at the shock stall due to the Correct answer : separation of the boundary layer at the shock waves. In the transonic range Clmax will .... and the 1g stalling speed will ..... Correct answer : decrease, increase. In the ICAO standard atmosphere, the temperature at FL360 is equal to: Correct answer : 217 Kelvin. In the ICAO standard atmosphere, the density at FL220 is:

Correct answer : 0,612 kg/m3 In the diagram below, an aircraft polar diagram of CL against CD, point B is: Correct answer : best lift/drag ratio angle of attack. In supersonic flight, all disturbances produced by an aeroplane are: Correct answer : in between a conical area, depending on the Mach Number. In supersonic flight aerofoil pressure distribution is: Correct answer : rectangular. In straight and level flight, which of the following would cause induced drag to vary linearly if weight is constant? Correct answer : 1/V2 In straight and level flight, if airspeed .... the angle of attack .... and the incidence angle ... Correct answer : decreases, increases, remains constant. In recovery from a spin: Correct answer : ailerons should be kept neutral. In order to reduce adverse aileron yaw, aircraft are fitted with: Correct answer : frize ailerons In order to optimise gliding distance, the gliding speed must be: Correct answer : equal to the speed which gives the highest lift-to-drag ratio. In order to expand a gas to supersonic speeds, starting with a stagnant gas in a reservoir, a .... duct must be used. Correct answer : divergent In order to achieve the maximum rate of climb, aircraft should be flown at the indicated airspeed which: Correct answer : gives maximum excess power. In order to achieve the maximum rate of climb, aircraft should be flown at the indicated airspeed which: Correct answer : gives maximum excess power. In level flight an increase in angle of attack will cause : Correct answer : the stagnation point to move down and aft In general transport aeroplanes with power assisted flight controls are fitted with an adjustable stabilizer instead of trim tabs on the elevator. This is because : Correct answer : effectiveness of trim tabs is insufficient for those aeroplanes In flight, the change of the aircraft attitude when lowering trailing edge flaps is primarily due to: Correct answer : the change in position of the aircraft centre of pressure. In flight, the change of the aircraft attitude when lowering trailing edge flaps is primarily due to: Correct answer : the change in position of the aircraft centre of pressure. In cruise, the propellers ATM is: Correct answer : less than the CTM. In case of supersonic flow retarded by a normal shock wave a high efficiency (low loss in total pressure) can be obtained if the Mach number in front of the shock is Correct answer : small but still supersonic. In an aircraft with a two-lever power control system, in a descent with the throttle closed, what would be the effect if the pitch control were pulled fully back to the flight stop? Correct answer : Rate of descent would decrease and RPM would decrease. In accordance with Bernoulli's Theorem, In a twin-engined jet powered aeroplane (engines mounted below the low wings) the thrust is suddenly increased. Which elevator deflection will be required to maintain the pitching moment zero ? Correct answer : Down. In a turn, the wing stalling angle: Correct answer : remains unchanged. In a subsonic flow venturi the relationship between total pressure, static pressure and dynamic pressure of undisturbed air and air in the throat of will be:(i) Dynamic pressure will be constant, static pressure will decrease (ii) Total pressure will be constant, dynamic pressure will increase Correct answer : (ii) is correct and (i) is incorrect In a stream tube, if density is halved, drag will be reduced by a factor of: Correct answer : 2 In a steady unaccelerated glide:

Correct answer : the resultant aerodynamic force is equal to weight. In a steady unaccelerated descent: Correct answer : thrust is less than drag, lift less than weight. In a steady turn at constant height: Correct answer : the rate of turn depends upon the TAS and angle of bank. In a steady climb: Correct answer : thrust equals drag plus the weight component along the flight path and lift equals the weight component perpendicular to the flight path. In a single acting constant speed propeller, the actuator spring: Correct answer : moves the propeller through coarse to feather. In a mechanically controlled aeroplane, the most forward allowable position of the centre of gravity could be limited by the: Correct answer : elevator capability, elevator control forces. In a level turn: Correct answer : the component of the lift in the vertical direction equals the weight. In a level turn: Correct answer : the component of the lift in the vertical direction equals the weight. In a level turn, the aircraft stalling speed .... Correct answer : will increase. In a inviscid and incompressible airflow, the lift on a non-rotating cilinder is .... and the drag is .... Correct answer : zero, zero. In a high speed descent at MMO you will reach VMO at: Correct answer : FL270 In a coordinated and level turn: Correct answer : the stall speed increases. In a climbing turn: Correct answer : the angle of attack on the outer wing will be greater than the angle of attack on the inner wing. In a banked turn: Correct answer : the stall speed increases. In a 75 degrees coordinated level turn, the load factor is: Correct answer : 3.86 In 1g level flight at FL340 and at an aircraft weight of 110,000kg and a CG at 35%MAC your low speed and high speed buffet boundaries will be: Correct answer : M0.54; M0.84 If you pull back the RPM lever of a constant speed propeller during a glide with idle power and constant speed, the propeller pitch will: Correct answer : increase and the rate of descent will decrease. If you increase the propeller pitch during a glide with idle-power at constant IAS the lift to drag ratio will Correct answer : increase and the rate of descent will decrease. If you decrease the propeller pitch during a glide with idle-power at constant IAS the lift to drag ratio will Correct answer : decrease and the rate of descent will increase. If you are flying at 100 kts and you increase your airspeed to 200 kts, profile drag: Correct answer : quadruples. If VS is 100 kt in straight and level flight, during a 45 bank turn VS will be: Correct answer : 119 kt If the weight of an aircraft is increased, the minimum drag speed: Correct answer : increases. If the weight of an aircraft is increased, the minimum drag speed: Correct answer : increases. If the weight of an aircraft is increased, the maximum lift-to-drag ratio will: Correct answer : not be affected. If the weight of an aircraft is increased, the maximum lift-to-drag ratio will: Correct answer : not be affected.

If the total sum of moments about one of its axis is not zero, an aeroplane: Correct answer : would experience an angular acceleration about that axis. If the tension in the cables of a flight control system is to high, most likely the result would be: Correct answer : excessive friction in the system. If the tension in the cables of a flight control system is to high, most likely the result would be: Correct answer : excessive friction in the system. If the temperature of air increases while the air pressure is maintained constant, density .... Correct answer : decreases. If the temperature decreases it will cause a: Correct answer : decrease in take-off distance required and an increase the maximum rate of climb. If the temperature decreases it will cause a: Correct answer : decrease in take-off distance required and an increase the maximum rate of climb. If the sum of moments in flight is not zero, the aeroplane will rotate about: Correct answer : the centre of gravity. If the straight and level stall speed is 100 kt, what will be the stall speed in a 1.5g turn? Correct answer : 122 kt If the outside air temperature (OAT) at a given altitude is higher than standard, the density altitude is: Correct answer : higher than pressure altitude. If the Mach number of an aeroplane in supersonic flight is increased, the shock wave angles will Correct answer : decrease. If the IAS is increased by a factor of 4, by what factor would the drag increase? Correct answer : 16 If the forces and moments on a body caused by a disturbance tend initially to return the body toward its equilibrium position, the body is .... stable. The body has .... stability. Correct answer : statically, positive static stability. If the density of the air is increased while the angle of attack and the EAS remain unchanged, lift will: Correct answer : remains constant. If the centre of gravity of an aircraft moves aft during flight, ... Correct answer : a reduction in longitudinal stability will result. If the centre of gravity is aft of the limits: Correct answer : the aircraft becomes unstable. If the camber of an aerofoil is increased: Correct answer : all of the above. If the aspect ratio of a wing (for a given wing area) is decreased: Correct answer : induced drag, for a given angle of attack, increases If the angle of attack is increased, the centre of pressure will: Correct answer : move forward towards the aerodynamic centre of the wing. If the angle of attack is increased from 4 degrees to 8 degrees: Correct answer : the lift-to-drag ratio will decrease. If the aircraft is properly loaded the CG, the neutral point and the manoeuvre point will be in the order given, forward to aft: Correct answer : CG, neutral point, manoeuvre point If temperature in a gas is kept constant and pressure increases, the density Correct answer : Increases. If pressure is kept constant and temperature increases, the density Correct answer : decreases. If indicated air speed and angle of attack are kept constant and density decreases, the lift Correct answer : remains constant If in level flight an aircraft has a stalling speed of 90 kts IAS, what will be its stalling speed in a 60 level and balanced turn? Correct answer : 127 kts If in level flight an aircraft has a stalling speed of 90 kts IAS, what will be its stalling speed in a 60 level and balanced turn? Correct answer : 127 kts

If IAS is increased from 80 to 160 kt in level flight, the coefficient of induced drag and induced drag would change by the following factors: Correct answer : Coefficient of induced drag: 1/16; Induced drag: 1/4 If dynamic (kinetic) pressure increases, what is the effect on total drag (if all important factors remain constant)? Correct answer : Drag increases If angle of attack is increased beyond the critical angle, CL .... and the stagnation point moves .... Correct answer : decreases, rearward. If angle of attack is increased beyond the critical angle of attack, the lift coefficient .... and the stagnation point moves .... Correct answer : decreases; rearward If an increase in power tends to make the nose of the aircraft to dip, this is the result of the: Correct answer : Line of thrust being above the centre of gravity. If an elevator trim tab is in its neutral position and the elevator is moved up: Correct answer : the tab will remain in line with the elevator. If an elevator gets jammed in the neutral position during flight, moving the elevator trim tab down will cause: Correct answer : a pitch-down moment. If an airplane has poor longitudinal stability in flight, what can be done to increase the stability? Correct answer : increase stabiliser surface area If an aircraft is pitching up: Correct answer : the incidence angle remains fixed. If an aircraft is in a straight and level flight at an airspeed which is slightly higher than the basic stalling speed, a load factor increase will cause the airplane to: Correct answer : stall at a higher airspeed than the basic stalling speed. If an aircraft is fitted with powered flying controls, which of the following would be used in the case of manual reversion? Correct answer : Balance tab. If an aircraft is disturbed (e.g. vertical gust) and initially returns to its original position: Correct answer : it is statically stable and may be dynamically stable. If an aircraft has neutral static stability, what will happen if it is disturbed (e.g. vertical gust): Correct answer : will remain in the disturbed attitude forever. If an aircraft has neutral static stability, what will happen if it is disturbed (e.g. vertical gust): Correct answer : will remain in the disturbed attitude forever. If an aircraft has its CG ahead of its CP, in straight and level flight: Correct answer : there will normally be a download on the tailplane. If an aircraft has a stalling speed of 90 kts IAS (n=1), what will be the stalling speed in a 60 level and coordinated turn? Correct answer : 127 kts If an aircraft dumps fuel after an engine failure, and the aircraft is flown for maximum glide range: Correct answer : the approach speed will be lower. If an aircraft continues to oscillate with a constant amplitude after having encountered a vertical gust. This kind of stability is called: Correct answer : longitudinal neutral dynamic stability. If an aircraft continues to oscillate with a constant amplitude after having encountered a vertical gust. This kind of stability is called: Correct answer : longitudinal neutral dynamic stability. If an aircraft climbs at constant Mach-number, the TAS .... and the EAS .... Correct answer : decreases, decreases. If a symmetrical aerofoil is accelerated from subsonic to supersonic speed the centre of lift will move Correct answer : aft to the mid chord. If a smaller flap setting is selected for take-off compared to a larger angle of flap selection: Correct answer : stalling speed, V2, VR and VLOF all increase. If a pilot changes the altimeter setting from 30.11" to 29.96", what will be the approximate change in indication? Correct answer : Altimeter will indicate 150 feet lower. If a jet aircraft is at 60 degrees bank angle during a constant altitude turn, the stall speed will be: Correct answer : 41% greater How would the exterior appearance of an aeroplane change, when trimming for speed increase ? Correct answer : Elevator deflection is increased further downward by an upward deflected trim tab

How will frost on the wings of an airplane affect takeoff performance? Correct answer : Frost will disrupt the smooth flow of air over the wing, adversely affecting its lifting capability. How many feet will a sailplane sink in 15 nautical miles if its lift/drag ratio is 22:1? Correct answer : 4,100 feet. How is adverse yaw compensated for during entry into and roll out from a turn ? Correct answer : Differential aileron deflection How does VMCG change with increasing field elevation and temperature ? Correct answer : decreases, because the engine thrust decreases. How does the exterior view of an aeroplane change, when the trim is used during a speed decrease ? Correct answer : The elevator is deflected further upwards by means of a downwards deflected trimtab. How does temperature influence the speed of sound? Correct answer : Speed of sound increases with temperature increase. How does pressure affect lift? Correct answer : Lift decreases with decreasing pressure. How does aerodynamic drag vary when airspeed is doubled? Correct answer : 4 How do vortex generators work? Correct answer : Take energy from free stream and introduce it into the boundary layer. How do vortex generators work? Correct answer : They take energy from free stream and introduce it into the boundary layer. How are the wing stalling angle and the lift coefficient affected when altitude increases and EAS is held constant? Correct answer : The lift coefficient and the wing stalling angle both remain constant. Higher all-up-weight will make your VMCA: Correct answer : the same. High speed aileron reversal is caused by: Correct answer : low torsional wing stiffness. High speed aileron flutter may be reduced on a high aspect ratio wing using: Correct answer : outboard ailerons which are locked out during high-speed cruise. Gyroscopic precession of the propeller is induced by: Correct answer : pitching and yawing. Ground Effect: Correct answer : is only effective up to 1 wingspan from the ground. Ground effect is most likely to result in which problem? Correct answer : Becoming airborne before reaching recommended takeoff speed. From the polar diagram of the entire aeroplane one can read: Correct answer : the maximum CL/CD ratio and maximum lift coefficient. Yes For minimum wave drag, an aircraft should be operated at which of the following speeds? Correct answer : Subsonic. For large Reynolds numbers, the .... forces are of much greater importance than the .... forces. Correct answer : inertia, viscosity For an aircraft with a right hand propeller, the slipstream rotation will cause: Correct answer : yaw to the left. For an aircraft in straight and level flight, which forces are in equilibrium: Correct answer : Thrust, drag, lift and weight For an aircraft in level flight, if the wing centre of pressure is aft of the centre of gravity and there is no thrust-drag couple, the tailplane load must be: Correct answer : directed downwards. For an aircraft in a steady climb, what is the relationship between lift, weight, thrust and drag? Correct answer : Weight is greater than the lift force For an aeroplane with one fixed value of VA the following applies. VA is : Correct answer : the speed at which the aeroplane stalls at the manoeuvring limit load factor at MTOW. For an aeroplane in straight and level flight, the airflow over a wing causes:

Correct answer : an increase in speed and a decrease in pressure over the upper surface,and a decrease in pressure and an increase in speed over the lower surface. For airplanes which have a high wing loading (W/S): Correct answer : Vertical gusts have less influence on the load factor. For a tail wheel aircraft with a clockwise turning propeller, the asymmetric blade effect at the start of the take off run causes: Correct answer : yaw to left. For a steady unaccelerated climb: Correct answer : lift is less than weight. For a normal stable aeroplane, the centre of gravity is located: Correct answer : with a sufficient minimum margin ahead of the neutral point of the aeroplane. For a Mach-number < 0.3 , the density change in the flow is less than ... Correct answer : 5%. For a jet aircraft the best rate of climb is achieved: Correct answer : when excess power available is at a maximum. For a glider to obtain a maximum gliding distance, the airspeed to be flown is: Correct answer : the airspeed which corresponds to the best lift-to-drag ratio. For a glider to obtain a maximum gliding distance, the airspeed to be flown is: Correct answer : the airspeed which corresponds to the best lift-to-drag ratio. For a given Indicated airspeed (IAS), a swept wing compared to a straight wing of the same wing area and same angle of attack produces: Correct answer : less lift, improved lateral stability and less total drag. For a given angle of attack, a swept wing will: Correct answer : Have a lower lift coefficient than an equivalent straight one For a given airfoil, lift coefficient is a function of ...., .... and .... Correct answer : Mach number, Reynolds number, angle of attack For a conventional wing the best lift-to-drag ratio is obtained at approximately: Correct answer : +4 degrees For a conventional wing the best lift-to-drag ratio is obtained at approximately: Correct answer : +4 degrees Flying for maximum range in a jet aircraft, will you get a higher specific air range by increasing altitude if: Correct answer : you are below or above the tropopause, at MCDR and above VIMD. Flutter may be caused by: Correct answer : distorsion by bending and torsion of the structure causing increasing vibration in the resonance frequency. Flutter can be eliminated using: Correct answer : mass balancng. Floating due to ground effect during an approach to land will occur : Correct answer : when the height is less than halve of the length of the wing span above the surface Floating caused ground effect during final approach will most likely occur at: Correct answer : a height less than the length of the wingspan above the surface. Flaperons are controls which are used simultaneously as Correct answer : ailerons and flaps. Fixed pitch propellers are usually designed for maximum efficiency at: Correct answer : normal cruising speed. Extending the flaps while maintaining a constant angle of attack (all other factors constant): Correct answer : the aircraft will climb. Extending flight spoilers (air brake) during flight: Correct answer : reduces minimum drag speed (Vdmin). Extending airbrakes during an approach will: Correct answer : reduce the minimum drag speed (VDmin) Examples of aerodynamic balancing of control surfaces are: Correct answer : servo tab, spring tab, seal between the wing trailing edge and the leading edge of control surface. Eulers equation states that:

Correct answer : when velocity increases, pressure decreases. Entering the stall the centre of pressure of a straight (1) wing and of a strongly swept back wing (2) will: Correct answer : (1) move aft, (2) move forward. Dynamic pressure is expressed as: Correct answer : (density/2) V^2 Dynamic longitudinal stability requires: Correct answer : positive static longitudinal stability. Dutch roll will occur when the dihedral effect is .... when compared to .... directional .... Correct answer : large, static, stability. Dutch roll is: Correct answer : a combined rolling and yawing motion. During the take-off roll, what affect does torque have on an aircraft with a clockwise rotating propeller? Correct answer : Weight on left wheel increased, weight on right wheel decreased During straight descent, lift is equal to: Correct answer : W x cos(climb angle). During normal operation of a constant speed propeller, what might be the reason for no oil flow within the C.S.U.? Correct answer : The propeller is on speed. During landing of a low-winged jet aeroplane, the maximum elevator up deflection is normally required when the flaps are: Correct answer : fully down and the C.G. is fully forward. During initiation of a turn with speedbrakes extended, the roll spoiler function induces a spoiler deflection: Correct answer : downward on the upgoing wing and upward on the downgoing wing. During erect spin recovery the correct recovery actions are: Correct answer : ailerons held neutral. During cruise, the weight of an aircraft reduces by 19%. Therefore the manoeuvering speed will: Correct answer : Decrease by 10% During cruise, the weight of an aircraft reduces by 19%. Therefore the manoeuvering speed will: Correct answer : Decrease by 10% During cruise , VDmin (Minimum drag speed) will: Correct answer : decrease. During an erect spin recovery: Correct answer : the ailerons are held in the neutral position. During acceleration in level flight: Correct answer : the lift coefficient reduces. During a power-off glide, the forces acting on an aircraft are: Correct answer : lift, drag and weight. Drag is in the direction of - and lift is perpendicular to the: Correct answer : relative wind/airflow. Directional static stability is determined by: Correct answer : fin volume. Dihedral of the wing: Correct answer : increases the static lateral stability. Deflection of leading edge flaps will: Correct answer : increase critical angle of attack. Deflecting the elevator up, when the trim tab is in neutral, will cause the tab to: Correct answer : remain in line with the elevator Critical Mach-number is the : Correct answer : highest speed without supersonic flow over any part of the aeroplane. Counter-rotating propellers have the effect of: Correct answer : cancelling out the torque and gyroscopic effects. Control surface vibration at high airspeed is known as: Correct answer : flutter.

Control surface overbalancing may be the result of: Correct answer : the control surface centre of pressure being located in front of the surface hinge line. Control surface aerodynamic balancing: Correct answer : will decrease surface hinge moments and pilot effort. Considering the lift to drag ratio, in straight and level flight which of the following is correct? Correct answer : L/D is maximum at the speed for minimum total drag. Considering the lateral stability of a swept wing aircraft, at high level the static lateral stability will be .... and the dynamic lateral stability will be ..... Correct answer : the same; less. Consider insentropic flow in a stream tube. If the flow is supersonic (M>1), for the velocity to increase: Correct answer : the area of the stream tube must increase. Consider an aerofoil with a certain camber and a positive angle of attack. At which location will the highest flow velocities occur ? Correct answer : Upper side Consider a uniform flow of air at velocity V in a Streamtube. If the temperature of the air in the tube is raised: Correct answer : the mass flow remains constant and the velocity V will increase. Compressibility effects are usually insignificant below: Correct answer : Mach 0.4 Compared with stalling airspeed (VS) in a given configuration, the airspeed at which stick shaker will be triggered is: Correct answer : greater than VS. Compared with an oblique shock wave at the same Mach number a normal shock wave has a Correct answer : higher loss in total pressure. Compared to straight wings of the same airfoil section swept wings ... the onset of the transonic drag rise and have a .... CD in supersonic flight Correct answer : delay, higher Compared to a straight wing of the same airfoil section a wing swept at 30 should theoretically have an Mcrit .... times Mcrit for the straight wing, but will, in practice gain .... that increase Correct answer : 1.154; half CDI is proportional to which of the following? Correct answer : CL2 By what percentage does the lift increase in a steady level turn at 45 angle of bank, compared to straight and level flight? Correct answer : 41%. By definition, that freestream Mach number at which sonic flow is first obtained somewhere on the airfoil surface is called the .... of the airfoil. Correct answer : critical Mach number By definition, that freestream Mach number at which sonic flow is first obtained somewhere on the airfoil surface is called the .... of the airfoil. Correct answer : critical Mach number Bernoulli's theorem states that in a perfect and constant airstream: Correct answer : The sum of static and dynamic pressure is constant. Bernoulli's equation states that: Correct answer : the sum of static pressure and dynamic pressure is equal to stagnation pressure. Bernoulli's equation can be written as : (pt = total pressure, ps = static pressure, q = dynamic pressure) Correct answer : pt - q = ps At zero angle of attack, a symmetrical wing section (viscous flow) will produce: Correct answer : zero lift and some profile drag. At what speed does the front of a shock wave move across the earth's surface? Correct answer : The ground speed of the aeroplane. At the same weight, with the CG at its forward limit: Correct answer : VS is higher, the stalling angle is unchanged. At a true airspeed of 300kt and in a 45bank level turn, the radius of turn would be .... (assume a value of 10m/sec/sec for g). Correct answer : 2387m At a given CAS an aircraft flying below sea level will have: Correct answer : a lower TAS than at sea level.

At a constant velocity airflow, a high aspect ratio wing will have (in comparison with a low aspect ratio wing) Correct answer : decreased drag, especially at a high angle of attack. At a constant CAS when flying below sea level an aircraft will have: Correct answer : a lower TAS than at sea level at ISA conditions. Aspect ratio is defined as: Correct answer : span squared / wing area. As you accelerate in level flight from the speed at CLMax to maximum speed the total drag: Correct answer : decreases then increases. As the centre of gravity moves, recovery from a stall: Correct answer : is more difficult with the centre of gravity moving aft. As the angle of attack of a wing is increased, the centre of pressure will reach its most forward position on the wing ... Correct answer : just before the wing stalls. As fuel is consumed during cruise at high level (speed is maintained constant): Correct answer : induced drag will decrease As fuel is consumed during a level flight cruise at high level: Correct answer : induced drag will decrease. As an aircraft goes from subsonic to supersonic flight the CP: Correct answer : moves aft. As an aircraft accelerates through the transonic speed range: Correct answer : the coefficient of drag increases then decreases. As altitude increases, the equivalent airspeed at which an airplane stalls in a particular configuration will: Correct answer : remain the same regardless of altitude. As a smooth flow of subsonic air at a velocity less than M0.4 flows through a divergent duct:(i) static pressure(ii) velocity Correct answer : (i) increases and (ii) decreases Angle of attack is the angle between: Correct answer : undisturbed airflow and chord line Angle of attack is defined as: Correct answer : The angle between the chord line and the direction of airflow. Angle of attack is defined as the angle between the chord line of an airfoil and the Correct answer : direction of the relative wind. An increase in the speed at which an airfoil passes through the air increases lift because Correct answer : The increased speed of air passing over the airfoil's upper surface decreases the pressure, thus creating a greater pressure differential between upper and lower surface. An example of differential aileron deflection during initiation of left turn is: Correct answer : Left aileron: 5 up Right aileron: 2 down An anti-balance tab moves in the: Correct answer : same sense as its associated control surface, to increase aerodynamic loading. An anti-balance tab moves in the: Correct answer : same sense as its associated control surface, to increase aerodynamic loading. An anti balance tab: Correct answer : improves the feel of the controls. An airplane has been loaded in such a manner that the centre of gravity is located behind the aft centre of gravity limit. One undesirable flight characteristic a pilot might experience with this airplane would be: Correct answer : difficulty in recovering from a stalled condition. An airplane has been loaded in such a manner that the centre of gravity is located behind the aft centre of gravity limit. One undesirable flight characteristic a pilot might experience with this airplane would be: Correct answer : difficulty in recovering from a stalled condition. An aircraft's tendency to dutch roll may be reduced by: Correct answer : giving the wings an angle of anhedral. An aircraft whose weight is 237402 N stalls at 132 kt. At a weight of 356103 N it would stall at: Correct answer : 162 kt An aircraft rolls about the: Correct answer : longitudinal axis.

An aircraft is placed in a level balanced turn and the controls released. It is spirally unstable if: Correct answer : the bank steadily increases. An aircraft is maintaining height and heading with the left engine inoperative and 5deg of bank toward the live engine. Which of the following indications will be displayed? Correct answer : turn indicator neutral, ball to the right An aircraft is in straight, level flight has a CL of 0.42, and a 1 increase in angle of attack would increase the CL by 0.1. Following a gust that increases the angle of attack by 3, what load factor would the aircraft be subject to? Correct answer : n = 1.7 An aircraft is in straight and level flight with the left engine inoperative and the wings level. The turn indicator will be .... and the slip indicator will be ..... Correct answer : neutral; neutral. An aircraft is flying at sea level with an indicated airspeed of 210kts. What will be the true airspeed at that time? Correct answer : 210 kts An aircraft is flown at 20% below its normal weight. Because of this, VA will be: Correct answer : 10% lower An aircraft is fitted with an elevator with a servo tab mechanism in the pitch control system. If the elevator becomes jammed, what is the effect on pitch control? Correct answer : Some pitch control will be retained, working in the reverse sense. An aircraft is approaching to land with its CG at the forward limit. It will be .... to flare and VREF will be .... than normal. Correct answer : difficult; higher An aircraft in straight and level flight has a CL of 0.35, and a 1 increase in angle of attack would increase the CL by 0.079. If a vertical gust increased angle of attack from the 1g value by 2, what load factor would result? Correct answer : 0.45 An aircraft in flight is affected by loads. These may be classified as: Correct answer : compressive, tensile, shear and torsional. An aircraft has a mass of 60,000kg and a limiting positive load factor of 2,5. VA is calculated as the EAS at which full positive elevator deflection will give the limiting load factor at the stall, and is 237kt. If the aircraft mass is reduced to 40,000kg by fuel burn, what will be the new VA? Correct answer : 194kt An aircraft has a basic stalling speed (level flight) of 200 kts. In a 75 degrees coordinated and level turn the stall speed is: Correct answer : 393kts An aircraft flying at a given EAS is subject to a positive gust of 50kt EAS. Which of the following correctly describes the increase in positive g felt by the aircraft? Correct answer : More with a high aspect ratio straight wing. An aeroplane, with a C.G. location behind the centre of pressure of the wing can only maintain a straight and level flight when the horizontal tail loading is: Correct answer : upwards. An aeroplane with swept back wings is equipped with slats and/or leading edge (L.E.) flaps. One possible efficient way to arrange the leading edge devices on the wings is: Correct answer : Wing roots: L.E. flaps Wing tips: slats An aeroplane performs a straight and level horizontal flight at the same angle of attack at two different altitudes. (all other factors of importance being constant, assume ISA conditions and no compressibility effects) Correct answer : the TAS at the higher altitude is higher An aeroplane performs a steady horizontal turn with 20 degrees bank and 150 kt TAS. The same aeroplane with the same bank angle and the same speed, but at a lower mass will: Correct answer : turn with the same turn radius. An aeroplane performs a continuous descent with 160 kts IAS and 1000 feet/min vertical speed. In this condition: Correct answer : weight is greater than lift An aeroplane is in a steady turn, at a constant TAS of 300 kt, and a bank angle of 45. Its turning radius is equal to: (given: g= 10 m/s^2) Correct answer : 2381 metres. An aeroplane has a stall speed of 78 KCAS at its gross weight of 6850 Ibs. What is the stall speed when the weight is 5000 Ibs ? Correct answer : 67 KCAS An aeroplane has a servo-tab controlled elevator. What will happen when only the elevator jams during flight ? Correct answer : Pitch control reverses direction.

An aerofoil at its stalling angle will have a Lift/Drag ratio which is: Correct answer : zero An aerodynamic force on a propeller blade, which tends to turn the blade to coarse pitch during operation, is called: Correct answer : ATM. An aerodynamic force on a propeller blade, which tends to turn the blade to coarse pitch during operation, is called: Correct answer : ATM. An advantage of locating the engines at the rear of the fuselage, in comparison to a location beneath the wing, is : Correct answer : less influence on longitudinal control of thrust changes. Aileron flutter is most likely to occur: Correct answer : at high airspeed when the wing is flexible. Aileron flutter is most likely to occur: Correct answer : at high airspeed when the wing is flexible. After feathering an engine in flight, how is the propeller of a single acting type being unfeathered? Correct answer : by use of oil pressure stored in a hydraulic accumulator. After feathering an engine in flight, how is the propeller of a single acting type being unfeathered? Correct answer : by use of oil pressure stored in a hydraulic accumulator. After a disturbance about the lateral axis, an aeroplane oscillates about the lateral axis at a constant amplitude. The aeroplane is: Correct answer : Statically stable - Dynamically neutral Aft settings of the CG will: Correct answer : increase the possibility of dutch roll. Aerodynamic forces and moments exerted on a body moving through a fluid stem from two sources: Correct answer : pressure distribution and shear stress distribution. Aerodynamic balance can be obtained by: Correct answer : an internal balance (the leading edge of the aileron is housed within a box inside the wing trailing edge, vented to atmosphere, with a seal from the wing to the leading edge of the aileron). Adverse yaw effects resulting from rolling the aircraft to port (to the left) in flight may be reduced by: Correct answer : increasing the profile drag produced by the left aileron. Adverse yaw effects resulting from rolling the aircraft to port (to the left) in flight may be reduced by: Correct answer : increasing the profile drag produced by the left aileron. Adverse aileron yaw may be reduced by the employment of differential ailerons. What is the principle of differential aileron operation? Correct answer : The up going aileron on the down going wing moves through a greater angle of deflection than the down going aileron. Adverse aileron yaw may be reduced by the employment of differential ailerons. What is the principle of differential aileron operation? Correct answer : The up going aileron on the down going wing moves through a greater angle of deflection than the down going aileron. A yaw damper is a system which: Correct answer : Increase directional stability A wing with higher span compared with a lower wing span has (equal wing surface): Correct answer : Lower induced drag A windmilling propeller produces: Correct answer : drag, and rotates in the same direction. A windmilling propeller produces: Correct answer : drag, and rotates in the same direction. A twin-engine aircraft is available in both jet and propeller variants. The engines are mounted on the wings in the same position in both types. In the case of failure of one engine how would the resultant roll effect show itself? Correct answer : Jet: roll away from the live engine; Propeller: roll away from the live engine more rapidly. A twin-engine aircraft is available in both jet and propeller variants. The engines are mounted on the wings in the same position in both types. In the case of failure of one engine how would the engine torque effect show itself? Correct answer : Jet: no change; Propeller: roll in the direction of rotation of the dead engine. A twin-engine aeroplane loses both engines. How many feet will it sink in 10 nautical miles if its lift-to-drag ratio is 23:1? Correct answer : 2,600 feet. A twin-engine aeroplane loses both engines. How many feet will it sink in 10 nautical miles if its lift-to-drag ratio is 23:1?

Correct answer : 2,600 feet. A tab which remains in line with the control surface when that surface is deflected, when the aircraft is on the ground is a: Correct answer : spring tab A strongly swept back wing stalls. If the wake of the wing contacts the horizontal tail, the effect on the stall behaviour can be: Correct answer : nose up tendency and/or lack of elevator response. A statically unstable aeroplane is: Correct answer : never dynamically stable. A stagnation point is a point where: Correct answer : the airspeed is reduced to zero and static pressure is higher than ambient atmospheric pressure. A spring tab is used: Correct answer : to reduce the effort required in moving the controls at high airspeed. A spring balance tab: Correct answer : is only effective at high airspeed. A spring balance tab: Correct answer : is only effective at high airspeed. A slotted flap will increase the CLmax by: Correct answer : increasing the camber of the aerofoil and improving the boundary layer. A shock stall occurs when laminar flow breaks down: Correct answer : behind the shock wave. A servo tab is a: Correct answer : aerodynamic balancing surface. A secondary effect of using left rudder in level flight would be: Correct answer : roll to the left. A sailplane has lost 2,000 feet in 9 nautical miles. The best glide ratio for this sailplane is approximately: Correct answer : 27:1. A sailplane has lost 2,000 feet in 9 nautical miles. The best glide ratio for this sailplane is approximately: Correct answer : 27:1. A sailplane has a best glide ratio of 30:1. How many nautical miles will the glider travel while losing 2,000 feet? Correct answer : 10 nautical miles. A sailplane has a best glide ratio of 30:1. How many nautical miles will the glider travel while losing 2,000 feet? Correct answer : 10 nautical miles. A sailplane has a best glide ratio of 23:1. How many feet will the glider lose in 8 nautical miles? Correct answer : 2,100 feet. A sailplane has a best glide ratio of 23:1. How many feet will the glider lose in 8 nautical miles? Correct answer : 2,100 feet. A reversible propeller is one that: Correct answer : can deliver negative thrust. A propeller mounted forward of the engine is termed: Correct answer : a tractor propeller. A propeller mounted forward of the engine is termed: Correct answer : a tractor propeller. A propeller is turning to the right, seen from behind. The asymmetric thrust effect is mainly induced by: Correct answer : high angles of attack. A propeller is turning to the right, seen from behind. The asymmetric thrust effect in the climb will: Correct answer : yaw the aeroplane to the left. A propeller is said to be double acting when it: Correct answer : uses oil pressure to move the blade toward fine and coarse A propeller blade is twisted to : Correct answer : maintain a constant angle of attack along the length of the blade. A propeller blade is twisted to : Correct answer : maintain a constant angle of attack along the length of the blade.

A propeller blade is twisted in order to: Correct answer : keep the local angle of attack constant along the blade. A particular SID requires a minimum climb gradient of 210 feet per NM to 8,000 feet. If you climb with a groundspeed of 140 knots, what is the rate of climb required in feet per minute? Correct answer : 490. A particular SID requires a minimum climb gradient of 210 feet per NM to 8,000 feet. If you climb with a groundspeed of 140 knots, what is the rate of climb required in feet per minute? Correct answer : 490. A modern jet aeroplane equipped with inboard and outboard ailerons plus roll control spoilers is cruising at its normal cruise Mach number: Correct answer : only the inboard ailerons are active, the spoilers may be active. A military aircraft is flying in straight and level flight at constant TAS while refuelling. Which of the following statement is true: Correct answer : VDmin will increase. A military aircraft is flying in straight and level flight at constant TAS while refuelling. Which of the following statement is true: Correct answer : VDmin will increase. A military aircraft is flying in straight and level flight at constant TAS while refuelling. Which of the following statement is true: Correct answer : VDmin will increase. A mechanically driven pump, contained within a propeller constant speed unit, is used to: Correct answer : increase engine oil pressure for propeller operation and is called the booster pump. A mechanically driven pump, contained within a propeller constant speed unit, is used to: Correct answer : increase engine oil pressure for propeller operation and is called the booster pump. A Machtrimmer: Correct answer : corrects insufficient stick force stability at high Mach Numbers. A mach trim system operates: Correct answer : at high Mach number. A line from the centre of curvature of the leading edge to the trailing edge, equidistant from the top and bottom wing surface is the: Correct answer : camber line. A light twin is in a turn at 20 degrees bank and 150 kt TAS. A more heavy aeroplane at the same bank and the same speed will: Correct answer : turn at the same turn radius. A laminar boundary layer is ..... and has ..... drag than a turbulent layer: Correct answer : thin; less A jet aeroplane equipped with inboard and outboard ailerons is cruising at its normal cruise Mach number. In this case Correct answer : only the inboard ailerons are active. A jet aeroplane cruises buffet free at high constant altitude in significant turbulence. Which type of stall can occur if this aeroplane decelerates? Correct answer : Accelerated stall. A horn balance is an example of a: Correct answer : aerodynamic balancing panel. A horn balance is an example of a: Correct answer : aerodynamic balancing panel. A horn balance in a control system has the following purpose: Correct answer : to decrease stick forces. A high aspect ratio wing: Correct answer : Creates most of its induced drag at the wing tip. A high aspect ratio wing: Correct answer : has a long span and short chord A glider reduces weight by dumping water ballast. A ten per cent reduction in weight would give: Correct answer : a decrease in best rate of descent. A glider has a maximum lift/drag ratio of 20. Its best angle of glide in still air would be: Correct answer : 1 in 20 A double acting propeller is one which the blades are: Correct answer : moved to coarse and fine by oil pressure. A device designed to assist the pilot in moving the controls against the force of the air flow is known as a:

Correct answer : aerodynamic balancing surface. A control surface has its limitations in movement by: Correct answer : primary stops at the surface A commercial jet aeroplane is performing a straight descent at a constant Mach Number with constant weight. The operational limit that may be exceeded is: Correct answer : VMO. A cambered airfoil with zero angle of attack, will in flight produce: Correct answer : some lift and some drag A C.G location beyond the aft limit leads to: Correct answer : an unacceptable low value of the manoeuvre stability (stick force per g, Fe/g). A balance tab is installed to provide: Correct answer : reduced control column movement resistance A balance tab is a form of aerodynamic balance and is designed to: Correct answer : move in the opposite direction to the elevator when it is deflected up, but remain approximately parallel to the tailplane chord line. A balance tab is a form of aerodynamic balance and is designed to: Correct answer : move in the opposite direction to the elevator when it is deflected up, but remain approximately parallel to the tailplane chord line. With the propeller windmilling after an engine failure, the Correct answer : ATM and CTM will act in the same direction With increasing angle of attack, the C of P on an airfoil will reach its most forward point: Correct answer : just below the stalling angle. With increasing altitude flying at a constant IAS will result in: Correct answer : no change in the stalling angle With increasing altitude and constant IAS the static lateral stability (1) and the dynamic lateral/directional stability (2) of an aeroplane with swept-back wing will: Correct answer : (1) increase (2) decrease. With flaps deployed, at a constant IAS in straight and level flight, the magnitude of tip vortices : Correct answer : decreases. With a swept wing aircraft, with an increase in altitude, which of the following statements about lateral stability is correct? Correct answer : Static lateral stability remains the same, dynamic lateral stability decreases. With a propeller feathered: Correct answer : there will be minimum drag on the propeller. With a L/D ratio of 9:1 and flying at 12000 ft the glide range in still air would be: Correct answer : 18 nm With a fixed pitch propeller increasing speed will .... propeller alpha and increasing power and therefore propeller RPM will .... propeller alpha. Correct answer : decrease, increase With a constant speed propeller, which of the following statements is true? Correct answer : Pitch angle increases with increasing TAS. Winglets Correct answer : decrease the induced drag. Wing loading is: Correct answer : the ratio of aircraft weight to wing area. Why is VMCG determined with the nosewheel steering disconnected? Correct answer : Because the value of VMCG must also be applicable on wet and/or slippery runways. Why is a propeller blade twisted from root to tip? Correct answer : Because the local angle of attack of a blade segment is dependent on the ratio of that segment 's speed in the plane of rotation and the true airspeed of the aeroplane. Why does the blade angle of a propeller change from root to tip? Correct answer : To compensate for the increased velocity of the blade tip Which statement with respect to the speed of sound is correct ? Correct answer : Varies with the square root of the absolute temperature.

Which statement regarding the gust load factor on an aeroplane is correct (all other factors of importance being constant) ? 1. Increasing the aspect-ratio of the wing will increase the gust load factor. 2. Increasing the speed will increase the gust load factor. Correct answer : 1 and 2 are correct. Which statement is correct? The lift to drag ratio provides directly the Correct answer : glide distance from a given altitude at zero wind. Which statement is correct? Correct answer : As the angle of attack increases, the stagnation point on the wing's profile moves downwards. Which statement is correct for a side slip condition at constant speed and side slip angle, where the geometric dihedral of an aeroplane is increased ? Correct answer : the required lateral control force increases. Which statement is correct at the speed for minimum drag (subsonic) ? Correct answer : The gliding angle is minimum. Which statement is correct about the gust load on an aeroplane (IAS and all other factors of importance remaining constant) ? 1. the gust load increases, when the weight decreases. 2. the gust load increases, when the altitude increases. Correct answer : 1 is correct and 2 is incorrect. Which statement is correct about an expansion wave in supersonic flow ? 1. The temperature in front of an expansion wave is higher than the temperature behind it. 2. The speed in front of an expansion wave is higher than the speed behind it. Correct answer : 1 is correct and 2 is incorrect. Which statement is correct about an aeroplane, that has experienced a left engine failure and continues afterwards in straight and level cruise flight with wings level ? Correct answer : turn indicator neutral, slip indicator neutral. Which statement about a primary control surface controlled by a servo tab, is correct ? Correct answer : The position is undetermined during taxiing, in particular with tailwind. Which statement about a jet transport aeroplane is correct, during take-off at the maximum allowable forward centre of gravity limit, while the THS (Trimmable Horizontal Stabilizer) has been positioned at the maximum allowable AND (Aeroplane Nose Down) position. Correct answer : The rotation will require extra stick force. Which ratio is defined as the "aspect ratio" of a wing? Correct answer : ratio between span and mean chord Which point shown in the figure corresponds with CL for minimum horizontal flight speed? Correct answer : Point a Which point on the whole aeroplane polar diagram will give minimum sink rate? Correct answer : C Which point in the diagram gives the lowest speed in horizontal flight? Correct answer : Point a Which point in the diagram gives the best glide condition? Correct answer : Point b Which phenomenon is counteracted with differential aileron deflection? Correct answer : Adverse yaw. Which part of an aeroplane provides the greatest positive contribution to the static longitudinal stability ? Correct answer : The horizontal tailplane. Which one of the following statements about the lift-to-drag ratio in straight and level flight is correct? Correct answer : At the highest value of the lift/drag ratio the total drag is lowest. Which one of the following statements about the dynamic stability of a conventional aeroplane about the lateral axis is correct? Correct answer : Damping of the phugoid is normally very weak. Which of these definitions of propeller parameters is correct? Correct answer : geometric propeller pitch = the theoretical distance a propeller blade element is travelling in forward direction in one propeller revolution Which of the following would change the magnitude of the gyroscopic precession effect of the propeller? Correct answer : Propeller RPM. Which of the following wing planforms will be least affected by turbulence? Correct answer : swept, low aspect ratio Which of the following wing planforms produces the lowest induced drag? (all other relevant factors constant) Correct answer : Elliptical.

Which of the following will reduce lateral stability? Correct answer : Anhedral Which of the following will reduce induced drag? Correct answer : Elliptical lift distribution. Which of the following will give an increase of ground range when gliding at VDmin? Correct answer : A tailwind. Which of the following statements is true? Correct answer : Limiting factors in severe turbulence are the possibility of a stall and the margin to the structural limitations Which of the following statements is correct? Correct answer : Extending flaps in turbulence reduces the stall speed but will reduce the margin to structural limitations. Which of the following statements is correct? Correct answer : Dynamic stability is possible only when the aeroplane is statically stable about the relevant axis. Which of the following statements is correct ? I When the critical engine fails during take-off the speed VMCL can be limiting. II The speed VMCL is always limited by maximum rudder deflection. Correct answer : I is incorrect, II is incorrect Which of the following statements is correct ? I When the critical engine fails during take-off the speed VMCL can be limiting. II The speed VMCL can be limited by the available maximum roll rate Correct answer : I is incorrect, II is correct Which of the following statements is correct ? I VMCL is the minimum control speed in the landing configuration. II The speed VMCL can be limited by the available maximum roll rate Correct answer : I is correct, II is correct Which of the following statements concerning control is correct? Correct answer : In a differential aileron control system the control surfaces have a larger upward than downward maximum deflection. Which of the following statements are correct? Correct answer : Drag acts in the same direction as the relative airflow and lift perpendicular to it. Which of the following statements about static lateral and directional stability is correct? Correct answer : An aeroplane with an excessive static directional stability in relation to its static lateral stability, will be prone to spiral dive. (spiral instability) Which of the following statements about dihedral is correct? Correct answer : The "effective dihedral" of an aeroplane component means the contribution of that component to the static lateral stability. Which of the following statements about a Mach trimmer is correct? Correct answer : A Mach trimmer corrects the change in stick force stability of a swept wing aeroplane above a certain Mach number. Which of the following must create lift? Correct answer : Air accelerated downwards. Which of the following is the speed in level flight that would activate the stall warning? Correct answer : 1.05VS1G Which of the following is the reason for putting the horizontal stabiliser on top of the fin, known as a T-tail? Correct answer : to improve the aerodynamic efficiency of the vertical tail. Which of the following is the greatest factor causing lift? Correct answer : Suction above the wing. Which of the following is the correct formula to calculate the lift component in a steady climb ( is the angle of climb)? Correct answer : W x cos() Which of the following is the correct designation of stall speed in the landing configuration? Correct answer : VS0 Which of the following is the correct description of the method for measuring the dihedral angle? Correct answer : The angle between the wing plane and the horizontal. Which of the following is an advantage of engines mounted on the rear fuselage over those mounted in wing pods? Correct answer : Longitudinal trim is less affected by changes in thrust. Which of the following is a correct statement of gust factors applied in certification under JAR 25? Correct answer : 50fps at VC Which of the following gives an unstable contribution in sideslip?

Correct answer : flap extension Which of the following factors will lead to an increase of ground distance during a glide ? Correct answer : tailwind Which of the following expressions could represent the relationship between force, mass and acceleration? Correct answer : F = m x a Which of the following devices is used to counter adverse yaw on rolling into or out of a turn? Correct answer : Differential ailerons. Which of the following descriptions most accurately describes the airflow that causes wing tip vortices? Correct answer : From the tip to the root on the top surface and from the root to the tip on the bottom surface over the wing tip. Which of the following definitions of propeller parameters is correct? Correct answer : Geometric propeller pitch is the theoretical distance travelled forward by the propeller in one rotation. Which of the following components is most important in determining longitudinal static stability? Correct answer : horizontal tailplane Which of the following best describes the function of the Mach trim system? Correct answer : It adjusts the longitudinal trim of the aircraft. Which of the following aircraft designs would be most likely to have poor recovery characteristics from a deep stall? Correct answer : Swept wing, T-tail. Which motion occurs about the longitudinal axis? Correct answer : Rolling Which moments or motions interact in a dutch roll? Correct answer : Rolling and yawing. Which line represents the total drag line of an aeroplane? Correct answer : Line c Which kind of ''tab'' is commonly used in case of manual reversion of fully powered flight controls ? Correct answer : Servo tab Which kind of boundary layer has the strongest change in velocity close to the surface? Correct answer : Turbulent boundary layer Which is one of the disadvantages of increasing the number of propeller blades ? Correct answer : decrease propeller efficiency Which has the effect of increasing load factor ? (all other relevant factors being constant) Correct answer : Vertical gusts Which combination of speeds is applicable for structural strength in gust (clean configuration) ? Correct answer : 50 ft/sec and VC. Which combination of design features is known to be responsible for deep stall? Correct answer : Swept back wings and a T-tail. Which aeroplane design has the highest probability of a super stall? Correct answer : Swept wings. Which aeroplane behaviour will be corrected by a yaw damper ? Correct answer : Dutch roll. When, in flight, you lower the trailing edge flaps fully down: Correct answer : the wing C of P moves aft and the L/D ratio decreases When vortex generators are fitted they will normally be found: Correct answer : near the wing leading edge in front of control surfaces When the undercarriage is lowered in flight: Correct answer : form drag will increase and the aircraft's nose down pitching moment will increase. When the trailing edge flaps are deflected in level flight, the change in pitch moment will be: Correct answer : nose down. When the stick is moved forward the stabilizer lift Correct answer : Increases. When the control column is moved forward and to the right: Correct answer : the elevator goes down, the starboard aileron moves up and the port aileron moves down.

When the C of G is close to the forward limit: Correct answer : very high stick forces are required in pitch because the aircraft is very stable When the auto-pilot is engaged; the role of the automatic trim is to: Correct answer : relieve the A.P. servo motor and return the aircraft in-trim at A.P. disconnect When the aircraft CG is on the aft limit, it is: Correct answer : in front of the neutral point When the air is passing through an expansion wave the static temperature will Correct answer : decrease. When the air is passing through an expansion wave the Mach number will Correct answer : increase. When the air is passing through an expansion wave the local speed of sound will Correct answer : decrease. When operating two AC generators unparalleled, the phase relationship of each generator: Correct answer : is unimportant. When ice is present on the stabilizer, deflection of flaps may cause: Correct answer : the stabilizer to stall and a vertical dive When flying at speeds above VA: Correct answer : full elevator deflection may result in damage to the airframe or structural failure. When entering a stall, the CP of a straight wing will (i) and of a strongly swept wing will (ii): Correct answer : (i) move aft, (ii) move forward When considering the relationship between lateral static stability and directional stability: Correct answer : dominant lateral static stability gives an increased tendency for dutch roll. When considering the properties of a laminar and turbulent boundary layer, which of the following statements is correct? Correct answer : friction drag is higher in the turbulent layer. When an aircraft selects its undercarriage and flaps down in flight, its VIMD will .... and if it maintained the clean configuration VIMD its speed stability would ..... Correct answer : reduce; increase. When an aircraft is rolled to port, adverse yaw will be reduced by: Correct answer : a Frise aileron being effective on the port wing. When an aircraft is flying at speeds above Mach 1, pressure disturbances from the aircraft will be felt only: Correct answer : within the Mach cone. When an aircraft enters ground effect: Correct answer : the total reaction vector is inclined forwards, reducing drag. When an aeroplane with the centre of gravity forward of the centre of pressure of the combined wing / fuselage is in straight and level flight, the vertical load on the tailplane will be: Correct answer : downwards. When airflow over a wing becomes supersonic, the pressure pattern on the top surface will become: Correct answer : irregular. When air has passed an expansion wave, the static pressure is: Correct answer : decreased. When a trailing edge flap is lowered fully: Correct answer : the C of P moves to the rear and lift/drag ratio is decreased. When a supersonic airflow passes through an oblique shockwave static pressure will ..... and temperature will .... Correct answer : rise; rise When a supersonic airflow passes through an expansion wave speed will .... and temperature wil .... Correct answer : increase; fall When a large modern aircraft employs a variable incidence tailplane, trim changes are made by: Correct answer : changing the angle of the entire tailplane. When a jet aircraft enters a turn or straightens-up from a turn, what device ensures correct response? Correct answer : aileron - rudder coupling. When "spoilers" are used as speed brakes: Correct answer : at same angle of attack, CD is increased and CL is decreased.

What wing shape or wing characteristic is the least sensitive to turbulence : Correct answer : swept wings What will increase the sensitivity to Dutch Roll? Correct answer : An increased static lateral stability. What will happen in ground effect ? Correct answer : the induced angle of attack and induced drag decreases What should be usually done to perform a landing with the stabilizer jammed in the cruise flight position ? Correct answer : choose a higher landing speed than normal and/or use a lower flapsetting for landing. What percentages of the headwind and tailwind components are taken into account when calculating the take-off field length required? Correct answer : 50% headwind and 150% tailwind. What is the unit of measurement for power ? Correct answer : Nm/s What is the SI unit that results from multiplying kg and m/s2? Correct answer : Newton What is the relationship of VMO and MMO, in a climb and descent? Correct answer : If climbing at VMO, it is possible to exceed MMO. What is the reason for mass balancing a control surface? Correct answer : To move the centre of gravity forward thereby preventing flutter. What is the positive limit load factor for large jet transport aircraft? Correct answer : n = 2.5 What is the position of the elevator in relation to the trimmable horizontal stabilizer of a power assisted aeroplane, which is in trim ? Correct answer : The position depends on speed, the position of slats and flaps and the position of the centre of gravity. What is the percentage increase in stall speed in a 45 bank turn? Correct answer : 19% What is the limit load factor of a large transport aeroplane in the manoeuvring diagram? Correct answer : 2.5 What is the influence of decreasing aeroplane weight on Mcrit at constant IAS ? Correct answer : Mcrit increases as a result of flying at a smaller angle of attack. What is the effect on the aeroplane's static longitudinal stability of a shift of the centre of gravity to a more aft location and on the required control deflection for a certain pitch up or down? Correct answer : The static longitudinal stability is smaller and the required control deflection is smaller. What is the effect on TAS if altitude is increased to 35,000 ft while flying at a constant Mach number? Correct answer : Decrease What is the effect on induced drag on entering the ground effect? Correct answer : Induced drag decreases. What is the effect on EAS as height is increased when you are holding a constant IAS? Correct answer : EAS falls. What is the effect of a decreasing aeroplane weight on Mcrit at n=1, when flying at constant IAS ? The value of Mcrit: Correct answer : increases. What is the danger when recovering from an emergency descent? Correct answer : structural damage What is the correct relation of the True Air Speed (TAS) for minimum sink rate (VR/Dmin) and best glide angle (VBest glide) at a given altitude? Correct answer : V(R/Dmin) is less then V(Best glide). What is the approximate value of the lift of an aeroplane at a gross weight of 50 000 N, in a horizontal coordinated 45 degrees banked turn ? Correct answer : 70 000 N What is the advantage of a variable incidence tailplane over a fixed incidence tailplane with elevator and trim tab? Correct answer : Less trim drag and maximum elevator authority retained. What happens to the level flight stalling speed given as IAS or CAS as you increase height? Correct answer : The stalling speed first remains contant, then increases. What happens to lateral stability when flaps are extended?

Correct answer : Lateral stability is decreased. What factors determine the distance travelled over the ground of an aeroplane in a glide ? Correct answer : The wind and the lift/drag ratio, which changes with angle of attack What data may be obtained from the Buffet Onset Boundary chart? Correct answer : The values of the Mach Number at which low speed and Mach Buffet occur at different weights and altitudes. What changes in angle of attack must be made to maintain altitude while the airspeed is being increased? Correct answer : Decrease the angle of attack to compensate for the increasing lift. What changes in aircraft control must be made to maintain altitude while the airspeed is being decreased? Correct answer : Increase the angle of attack to compensate for the decreasing lift. What can happen to the aeroplane structure flying at a speed just exceeding VA ? Correct answer : It may suffer permanent deformation if the elevator is fully deflected upwards What are the correct SI units for density and force? Correct answer : Kg/m3, Newtons What action must the pilot take to maintain altitude and airspeed when turning in a jet aircraft? Correct answer : Increase angle of attack and thrust. Weight acts: Correct answer : parallel to the gravitational force. Vra is the speed recommended for: Correct answer : penetration of severe turbulence Vortex generators: Correct answer : transfer energy from the free airflow into the boundary layer. Vortex generators mounted on the upper wing surface will Correct answer : decrease the shock wave induced separation. VMO : Correct answer : should be not greater than VC. VMCL2 is the speed at which: Correct answer : directional and lateral control can be maintained in the landing configuration, two engines inoperative. Vmcg is defined as the minimum speed which directional control on the ground can be recovered and maintained under which condition: Correct answer : By use of rudder only VA is: Correct answer : the maximum speed at which maximum elevator deflection up is allowed. Using the diagram below of the forces affecting a propeller in flight, which arrow represents the torque moment? Correct answer : A Upon extension of a spoiler on a wing: Correct answer : CD is increased and CL is decreased. Under what circumstances is TAS equivalent to GS? Correct answer : No wind Two methods to increase the critical Mach Number are: Correct answer : thin aerofoils and sweep back of the wing. Two identical aeroplanes A and B are flying horizontal steady turns. Further data are: A: W= 1500 kg Bank= 20 TAS= 130 kt B: W= 1500 kg Bank= 20 TAS= 200 kt Which of the following statements is correct? Correct answer : The rate of turn A is larger than the rate of turn B. Tuck under is a phenomenon which occur: Correct answer : on a/c in transsonic flight Total Drag at high Mach numbers is a combination of: Correct answer : induced drag, wave drag, form drag, skin friction drag and interference drag. To maintain level flight, if the angle of attack is increased the speed must be: Correct answer : reduced. To increase the critical Mach number a conventional aerofoil should Correct answer : have a low thickness to chord ratio. To hold a given sideslip angle and airspeed, increased geometric dihedral would:

Correct answer : increase the stick force. There are two types of boundary layer: laminar and turbulent. One important advantage the turbulent boundary layer has over the laminar type is that : Correct answer : it has less tendency to separate from the surface The wing of an aeroplane will never stall at low subsonic speeds as long as.... Correct answer : the angle of attack is smaller than the value at which the stall occurs. The wing area divided by the span of a wing is called: Correct answer : mean cord. The windmilling of a propeller will cause: Correct answer : drag to be produced instead of thrust The wavelength of a radio transmitted on frequency 121.95 MHz is: Correct answer : 2.46 m The wake vortices behind a large aircraft begin on takeoff ..... and end on landing ..... Correct answer : on rotation, as the nosewheel goes down. The VHF direction finder uses the following wavelengths: Correct answer : metric. The vertical speed indicator VSI is fed by: Correct answer : static pressure The value of the parasite drag in straight and level flight at constant weight varies linearly with the: Correct answer : square of the speed. The use of a slot in the leading edge of the wing enables the aeroplane to fly at a slower speed because : Correct answer : it delays the stall to a higher angle of attack The units of the density of the air (I) and the force (II) are: Correct answer : (I) kg / m3, (II) N. The unit of density is: Correct answer : kg/m The two areas of speed instability in transonic aircraft are: Correct answer : below VDmin, M 0.89 to 0.98 The twisting of a propeller blade from root to tip has been made to: Correct answer : provide a constant angle of attack from root to tip The turn indicator shows a right turn. The slip indicator is left of neutral. To coordinate the turn: Correct answer : more right bank is required. The trailing edge flaps when extended : Correct answer : worsen the best angle of glide The total pressure is: Correct answer : static pressure plus the dynamic pressure. The theoretical best range speed for a jet aircraft at low level is: Correct answer : approximately 1.32 times the minimum drag speed. The term angle of attack is defined as: Correct answer : the angle between the wing chord line and the relative wind. The term angle of attack in a two dimensional flow is defined as: Correct answer : the angle between the wing chord line and the direction of the relative wind/airflow. The TCAS 1 (Traffic Collision Avoidance System) provides : 1- traffic information 2- horizontal resolution (RA: Resolution Advisory) 3- vertical resolution (RA: Resolution Advisory) 4- ground proximity warning The combination regrouping all the correct statements is: Correct answer : 1 The TCAS (Traffic Collision Avoidance System) gives avoidance resolutions : Correct answer : only in the vertical plane The standard procedure for recovery from a stall in a light single engine aircraft is: Correct answer : maximum power; stick - roll neutral and forward, correct for bank with rudder. The stall speed increases, when: (all other factors of importance being constant) Correct answer : pulling up from a dive.

The stall speed in a 60 banked turn increases by the following factor: Correct answer : 1.41 The speed in flight at which the power required is at a minimum, is: Correct answer : below Vmd The speed for minimum sink rate in a glide, compared to the speed for maximum distance VIMD is: Correct answer : slower than VIMD. The speed for minimum glide angle occurs at a certain angle of attack. Which are the corresponding aerodynamic coefficients(s) ? Correct answer : (CL/CD)max The so-called "hot buses" or "direct buses" are: Correct answer : directly connected to the battery. The short-period mode of longitudinal dynamic stability is: Correct answer : a rapid oscillation about the lateral axis. The shock wave angle of a supersonic aircraft at increasing Mach number: Correct answer : decreases. The resistance, or skin friction, due to the viscosity of the air as it passes along the surface of the wing is part of the: Correct answer : Parasite drag. The relationship between the stall speed VS and VA (EAS) for a large transport aeroplane can be expressed in the following formula: (SQRT= square root) Correct answer : VA= VS SQRT(2.5) The relationship between induced drag and the aspect ratio is: Correct answer : a decrease in the aspect ratio increases the induced drag The reason for using inverters in an electrical system is .. Correct answer : To change DC into AC. The reason for having a trim system on powered assisted flying controls is: Correct answer : enables the stick force to be reduced to zero. The purpose of the vibrating device of an altimeter is to: Correct answer : reduce the effect of friction in the linkages The purpose of the automatic trim is to: 1- reduce to zero the hinge moment of the entire control surface in order to relieve the load on the servo-actuator 2- ensure the aeroplane is properly trimmed when the autopilot is disengaged 3- maintain the same stability/manoeuverablity trade-off within the whole flight envelope The combination regrouping all the correct statements is: Correct answer : 1, 2, 3. The purpose of static wick dischargers is to : Correct answer : dissipate static charge of the aircraft inflight thus avoiding radio interference as a result of static electricity. The propeller noise can be minimised by: Correct answer : Increase number of blades The propeller CTM will: Correct answer : Move the blades about their longitudinal axis The primary function of the fin is to give: Correct answer : directional stability - about the normal axis. The positive manoeuvring limit load factor for a light aeroplane in the utility category in the clean configuration is: Correct answer : 4.4 The positive manoeuvring limit load factor for a large jet transport aeroplane with flaps extended is: Correct answer : 2.0 The point about which the wing pitching moment is independent of angle of attack is called: Correct answer : the aerodynamic centre. The pitot tube supplies: Correct answer : Impact pressure. The phugoid motion is a long term oscillation around the Correct answer : Lateral axis. The output of a turboprop engine is usually indicated by, Correct answer : torque The number of blades in a propeller would be increased: Correct answer : to increase power absorption capability.

The most widely used electrical frequency in aircraft is : Correct answer : 400 Hz. The most important problem of ice accretion on an aeroplane during flight is: Correct answer : reduction in CLmax. The most commonly used circuit protecion device in modern aircraft is a Correct answer : push and pull circuit breaker. The most common stall sensing devices are normally located: Correct answer : at or near the wing leading edge The most common overload protection device used in aircraft is: Correct answer : Circuit breakers The Mean Aerodynamic Chord (MAC) for a given wing of any planform is Correct answer : the chord of a rectangular wing with same moment and lift The maximum glide range of an aircraft will depend on wind and: Correct answer : the ratio to lift to drag which varies according to angle of attack. The manoeuvrability of an aeroplane is best when the: Correct answer : C.G. is on the aft C.G. limit. The Mach trim system will: Correct answer : adjust the stabilizer, depending on the Mach Number. The Mach cone semi-angle: Correct answer : decreases with increasing speed. The loss of total pressure in a shock wave is due to the fact that Correct answer : kinetic energy in the flow is changed into heat energy. The location of the centre of pressure of a positive cambered wing at increasing angle of attack will: Correct answer : shift forward. The location of mass balance weights is: Correct answer : in front of the hinge line. The limits of the green scale of an airspeed indicator are : Correct answer : VS1 for the lower limit and VNO for the upper limit The lift of an aeroplane of weight W in a constant linear climb with a climb angle (gamma) is approximately: Correct answer : Wcos.gamma. The lift formula is: Correct answer : L= CL 1/2 RHO V S The lift force, acting on an aerofoil : Correct answer : is mainly caused by suction on the upperside of the aerofoil. The lift coefficient (CL) of an aeroplane in steady horizontal flight is 0.42, increase in angle of attack of 1 degree increases CL by is 0.1. A vertical up gust instantly changes the angle of attack by 3 degrees. The load factor will be : Correct answer : 1.71 The lift coefficient (CL) of an aeroplane in steady horizontal flight is 0.4. Increase of angle of attack of 1 degree will increase CL by 0.09. A vertical up gust instantly changes the angle of attack by 5 degrees. The load factor will be : Correct answer : 2.13 The lift coefficient (CL) of an aeroplane in steady horizontal flight is 0.35. Increase in angle of attack of 1 degree will increase CL by 0.079. A vertical up gust instantly changes the angle of attack by 2 degrees. The load factor will be : Correct answer : 1.45 The lift- and drag forces, acting on a wing cross section: Correct answer : depend on the pressure distribution about the wing cross section. The least energy loss through a normal shockwave occurs when the local Mach number is: Correct answer : just above 1.0 M The lateral axis is also called the: Correct answer : pitch axis The L/D ratio in flight will be at its highest value at: Correct answer : the optimum angle of attack The inputs to the 'Q' unit are from:

Correct answer : pitot and static. The inputs to the Q feel unit are from: Correct answer : pitot and static pressures. The input to a 'stick shaker' comes from: Correct answer : angle of attack, and sometimes the rate of change in angle of attack. The induced drag: Correct answer : increases as the lift coefficient increases. The increased upwash experienced at the leading edge of a wing when trailing edge flaps are lowered causes: Correct answer : an increase in the angle of attack. The illustration shows a: Correct answer : split flap. The heading reference unit of a three axis data generator is equipped with a gyro which has: Correct answer : 2 degrees of freedom and horizontal spin axis. The greatest drag produced by the variable pitch propeller on a piston engine will occur when the propeller is: Correct answer : windmilling The glide range of an aircraft is affected by: Correct answer : the lift/drag ratio The function of the stick pusher is: Correct answer : to activate and push the stick forward at or beyond a certain value of angle of attack. The frontal area of a body, placed in a certain airstream is increased by a factor 3. The shape will not alter. The aerodynamic drag will increase with a factor : Correct answer : 3 . The four forces of lift, weight, thrust and drag in level flight act through: Correct answer : the C of G The following take place at the transition point on a wing: Correct answer : the boundary layer makes the transition from laminar flow to the turbulent boundary layer The following is true concerning a balance tab. It is: Correct answer : a form of aerodynamic balance The following factors increase stall speed : Correct answer : an increase in load factor, a forward c.g. shift, decrease in thrust. The flight Mach number is 0.8 and the TAS is 400 kts. The speed of sound is: Correct answer : 500 kts The flaperon is a control that operates simultaneously as: Correct answer : flaps and ailerons. The first action in event of propeller runaway (overspeed condition), should be to: Correct answer : close the throttle The fields affecting a magnetic compass originate from: 1. magnetic masses 2. ferrous metal masses 3. non ferrous metal masses 4. electrical currents The combination of correct statements is: Correct answer : 1, 2, 4 The Fan Markers uses the following wavelengths: Correct answer : metric. The error introduced in geostrophic or gradient wind calculations when the pressure is changing rapidly is the: Correct answer : isallobaric effect. The effects of CG position on longitudinal static stability and control response will be: Correct answer : forward movement of the CG will reduce control response and increase stability. The effect of Mach trim on stick forces for power operated controls: Correct answer : is to maintain the required stick force gradient . The effect of differential ailerons in a turn will be: Correct answer : increased profile drag on the inner wing The effect of a ventral fin on the static stability of an aeroplane is as follows : (1=longitudinal, 2=lateral, 3=directional) Correct answer : 1 : no effect, 2 : negative, 3 : positive The effect of a swept wing is to give:

Correct answer : positive dihedral effect. The effect of a positive wing sweep on static directional stability is as follows: Correct answer : Stabilizing effect The effect of a highly cambered airfoil on longitudinal stability will be? Correct answer : No effect. The effect of a high wing with zero dihedral is as follows: Correct answer : Positive dihedral effect The effect of a headwind is to .... the climb gradient and to .... the rate of climb: Correct answer : increase, not affect The distance between the CG Datum and the CG Neutral Point in straight and level flight is called the: Correct answer : CG static margin. The de-icing of a propeller by fluid is achieved through: Correct answer : slinger rings The data supplied by a radio altimeter: Correct answer : indicates the distance between the ground and the aircraft. The critical speed where the speed is too low and too high at the same time is called: Correct answer : Coffin corner The critical Mach Number of an aeroplane can be increased by: Correct answer : sweep back of the wings. The correct drag formula is: Correct answer : D = Cd 1/2 RHO V S The continuity equation states: If the area of a tube is increasing, the speed of the subsonic and incompressible flow inside is Correct answer : decreasing. The consequences of exceeding Mcrit in a swept-wing aeroplane may be : (assume no corrective devices, straight and level flight) Correct answer : buffeting of the aeroplane and a tendency to pitch down. The centre of gravity moving aft will: Correct answer : increase the elevator up effectiveness. The calibrated airspeed (CAS) is obtained by applying to the indicated airspeed (IAS) : Correct answer : an instrument and position/pressure error correction. The C.G. position of an aeroplane is forward of the neutral point in a fixed location. Speed changes cause a departure from the trimmed position. Which of the following statements about the stick force stability is correct? Correct answer : Increasing 10 kt trimmed at low speed has more effect on the stick force than increasing 10 kt trimmed at high speed. The bow wave will appear first at: Correct answer : M= 1.0 The boundary layer is considered to be turbulent: Correct answer : between the transition and separation points. The bank angle in a rate-one turn depends on: Correct answer : TAS. The application of the area rule on aeroplane design will decrease the Correct answer : wave drag. The angle of climb of an aircraft is proportional to .... and .... as weight increases: Correct answer : excess thrust, decreases The angle of attack of a two dimensional wing section is the angle between : Correct answer : the chord line of the aerofoil and the free stream direction. The angle of attack of a fixed pitch propeller can be increased by: Correct answer : increasing power and reducing TAS. The angle of attack (aerodynamic angle of incidence) of an aerofoil is the angle between the: Correct answer : chord line and the relative undisturbed airflow. The angle between the chord line of the wing and the longitudinal axis of the airplane is known as the angle of Correct answer : incidence The angle between the aeroplane longitudinal axis and the chord line is the:

Correct answer : angle of incidence. The angle between Magnetic North and Compass North is called: Correct answer : compass deviation The airfoil chord line is: Correct answer : a straight line from the wing leading edge to the trailing edge. The aft movement of the centre of pressure during the acceleration through the transonic flight regime will: Correct answer : increase the static longitudinal stability. The aerodynamic drag of a body, placed in a certain airstream depends amongst others on: Correct answer : The airstream velocity. The aerodynamic characteristics of an aircraft in a spin is that the: Correct answer : outer wing is partially stalled The advantages provided by an air data computer to indicate the altitude are : 1. Position/pressure error correction 2. Hysteresis error correction 3. Remote data transmission capability 4. Capability of operating as a conventional altimeter in the event of a failure The combination of correct statements is : Correct answer : 1,3,4 The additional increase of drag at Mach Numbers above the critical Mach Number is due to: Correct answer : wave drag. The (subsonic) static pressure: Correct answer : decreases in a flow in a tube when the diameter decreases. The (1) stick force stability and the (2) manoeuvre stability are positively affected by: Correct answer : (1) forward C.G. position (2) forward CG. position. Superstall is a condition: Correct answer : which is a stable stall with almost a constant pitch attitude. Subsonic flow over a cambered airfoil at 4 angle of attack will cause: Correct answer : an increase in speed and drop in pressure over the upper surface and an increase in speed and a drop in pressure over the lower surface. Stick shaker stall warnings should be activated at: Correct answer : 1.05 VS Stick forces, provided by an elevator feel system, depend on: Correct answer : elevator deflection, dynamic pressure. Stalling speed in a 15 bank level turn is 60kt. The stalling speed in a 45 bank level turn will be: Correct answer : 70kt Stall speed in a turn is proportional to: Correct answer : the square root of the load factor. Spoiler deflection causes : Correct answer : an increase in drag and decrease in lift Speedbrakes are a device used on large transport category aircraft: Correct answer : to increase drag in order to maintain a steeper gradient of descent Shockwaves at MFS above MDET will be: Correct answer : oblique. Shock stall is: Correct answer : separation of the boundary layer behind the shock wave. Rotation about the lateral axis is called : Correct answer : pitching. Rolling is the rotation of the aeroplane about the: Correct answer : longitudinal axis. Roll is: Correct answer : rotation about the longitudinal axis. Refer to the polar diagram. What flight condition would be represented at point A? Correct answer : Maximum gliding range. Refer to the following TAF extract: BECMG 1821 2000 BKN004 PROB30 BECMG 2124 0500 FG VV001 What does the abbreviation "VV001" mean? Correct answer : Vertical visibility 100 FT.

Reducing the thickness/chord ratio on a wing will: Correct answer : all of the above. R1 and R2 resistances are connected in parallel. The value of the equivalent resistance (Req) so obtained is given by the following formula: Correct answer : 1/Req = 1/R1 + 1/R2 Propeller efficiency is best described as: Correct answer : thrust HP to shaft HP. Propeller aircraft flown at medium altitude at the recommended EAS will have a better specific air range (SAR) than at sea level because: Correct answer : engine efficiency is greater. Power assisted flying control systems have trim controls primarily in order to: Correct answer : bring the control forces to zero in steady flight. Pitch is movement around the Correct answer : lateral axis. One purpose of vortex generators is: Correct answer : to prevent tip stalling on a swept wing. One of the requirements for dynamic stability is: Correct answer : positive static stability. One of the factors leading to pitch-up at the stall on swept wing aircraft is: Correct answer : spanwise outward flow of the boundary layer. One method to compensate adverse yaw is a Correct answer : differential aileron. One function of the Mach trim is to: Correct answer : maintain the required stick force gradient. One feature of a wing is the "Mean Chord" which is the: Correct answer : wing area divided by the span One disadvantage of the swept back wing is it's stalling characteristics. At the stall : Correct answer : tip stall will occur first, which produces a pitch-up moment. One advantage of a movable-stabilizer system compared with a fixed stabilizer system is that: Correct answer : it is a more powerful means of trimming On the polar diagram, point C corresponds to: Correct answer : the critical angle of attack. On the ground, during a left turn, the turn indicator indicates : Correct answer : needle to the left, ball to the right On the diagram below, of a JAR25 stress limit diagram, VA, VC and VD are respectively: Correct answer : C, E, F On take-off with the CG at the forward limit: Correct answer : elevator stick forces will be higher at VR. On entering ground effect, maintaining flight at the same speed: Correct answer : less power is required On an untapered wing of constant section: Correct answer : induced downwash is maximum at the wing tip. On an airfoil the centre of pressure will be most forward: Correct answer : just below the stalling angle On a wing fitted with a "fowler" type trailing edge flap, the "Full extended" position will produce: Correct answer : an increase in wing area and camber. On a typical transonic airfoil the transonic rearward shift of the CP occurs at about: Correct answer : M 0.89 to M 0.98 On a typical symmetrical airfoil, as the free stream Mach number approaches M 1.0, the centre of pressure will: Correct answer : move aft to about 45% chord. On a symmetrical aerofoil, the pitch moment for which Cl=0 is: Correct answer : zero

On a cambered airfoil, as the angle of attack increases from zero to about ten degrees, the Centre of Pressure: Correct answer : moves forward and then remains in the same place. On a cambered airfoil the zero lift angle of attack will be: Correct answer : negative. Nose-wheel steering is not used in certification of Vmcg because: Correct answer : all of the above. Moving the C of G of an aircraft aft in flight will: Correct answer : reduce longitudinal stability Mcrit is the speed at which Correct answer : sonic flow is first achieved above the surface of the airfoil Mcrit is the free stream Mach number at which: Correct answer : the first local Mach number at any point on the aircraft equals M1.0 Mass balance to reduce control flutter is not required on: Correct answer : aircraft with a fully powered irreversible control system with no manual emergency system. Manoeuvrability is best at: Correct answer : aft CG position. Maintaining thickness/chord ratio but changing to a supercritical wing section will: Correct answer : give the aircraft an increased range. Lowering the inboard flaps causes the wing Centre of Pressure: Correct answer : to move inboard towards the wing root. Longitudinal static stability is created by the fact that the: Correct answer : centre of gravity is located in front of the neutral point of the aeroplane. Longitudinal dynamic oscillation takes two forms. One of these, long period oscillation, involves slow changes in: Correct answer : height and speed. Longitudinal dihedral is: Correct answer : the difference between the wing and tail angle of incidence. Lift is a function of: Correct answer : velocity, density, wing shape and lift coefficient. Left rudder input will cause: Correct answer : left yaw about the vertical axis and left roll about the longitudinal axis. Lateral static stability is determined by: Correct answer : aircraft response to sideslip It is possible to have an aileron control aerodynamically balanced by: Correct answer : setting the hinge back into the control surface Induced drag may be reduced by: Correct answer : an increase in aspect ratio Induced drag is created by the: Correct answer : spanwise flow pattern resulting in the tip vortices. Induced drag is caused by: Correct answer : wing tip vortices and downwash. Induced drag at constant IAS is affected by: Correct answer : aeroplane weight. Increasing the number of propeller blades will: Correct answer : increase the maximum absorption of power. Increasing the camber on propeller blades will, if all else is the same: Correct answer : increase the power absorption capability. Increasing dynamic (kinetic) pressure will have the following effect on the drag of an aeroplane (all other factors of importance remaining constant) : Correct answer : The drag increases. In which position on the wing would expect to find Kreuger flaps? Correct answer : Inboard leading edge.

In which phase of the take-off is the aerodynamic effect of ice located on the wing leading edge most critical? Correct answer : The last part of the rotation. In the transonic range Clmax will .... and the 1g stalling speed will ..... Correct answer : decrease, increase. In the diagram below, an aircraft polar diagram of CL against CD, point B is: Correct answer : best lift/drag ratio angle of attack. In the alpha and beta ranges respectively the governed elements of turboprop propeller controls are as follows: Correct answer : propeller RPM and engine RPM. In supersonic flight, all disturbances produced by an aeroplane are: Correct answer : in between a conical area, depending on the Mach Number. In supersonic flight aerofoil pressure distribution is: Correct answer : rectangular. In straight and level flight, which of the following would cause induced drag to vary linearly if weight is constant. Correct answer : 1/V2 In straight and level flight the aircraft's normal axis is approximately: Correct answer : vertical. In order to remain in level balanced flight: Correct answer : the wing lift must be greater than weight, if the tailplane is giving a download for balance In order to maintain straight and level flight at a constant airspeed, whilst the flaps are being retracted, the angle of attack will: Correct answer : increase. In order to achieve the maximum rate of climb, aircraft should be flown at the indicated airspeed which: Correct answer : gives maximum excess power. In level flight an increase in angle of attack will cause: Correct answer : the stagnation point to move down and aft. In general transport aeroplanes with power assisted flight controls are fitted with an adjustable stabilizer instead of trim tabs on the elevator. This is because : Correct answer : effectiveness of trim tabs is insufficient for those aeroplanes In flight the flutter of a control surface is normally reduced by: Correct answer : weights acting forward of the hinge line In case of supersonic flow retarded by a normal shock wave a high efficiency (low loss in total pressure) can be obtained if the Mach number in front of the shock is Correct answer : small but still supersonic. In an aircraft with a two-lever power control system, in a descent with the throttle closed, what would be the effect if the pitch control were pulled fully back to the flight stop? Correct answer : Rate of descent would decrease and RPM would decrease. In an aircraft fitted with spoilers for lateral control, and not deployed as speed brakes, a roll to the right is initiated by: Correct answer : right spoiler extended, left spoiler retracted. In a two-dimensional flow pattern, where the streamlines converge the static pressure will : Correct answer : decrease. In a twin-engined jet powered aeroplane (engines mounted below the low wings) the thrust is suddenly increased. Which elevator deflection will be required to maintain the pitching moment zero ? Correct answer : Down. In a turn indicator, the measurement of rate of turn consists for: Correct answer : low bank angle, in measuring the yaw rate In a symmetrical airfoil the mean camber line is: Correct answer : A straight line co-incident with the chord line In a steady turn at constant height: Correct answer : the rate of turn depends upon the TAS and angle of bank. In a steady climb: Correct answer : thrust equals drag plus the weight component along the flight path and lift equals the weight component perpendicular to the flight path. In a stationary subsonic streamline flow pattern, if the streamlines converge, in this part of the pattern, the static pressure (I) will ...and the velocity (II) will ... : Correct answer : (I) decrease, (II) increase.

In a single engine a/c with clockwise rotating propeller, a left yaw is generated due to: Correct answer : the slipstream, striking the fin on the left side In a mechanically controlled aeroplane, the most forward allowable position of the centre of gravity could be limited by the: Correct answer : elevator capability, elevator control forces. In a high speed descent at MMO you will reach VMO at: Correct answer : FL270 In 1g level flight at FL340 and at an aircraft weight of 110,000kg and a CG at 35%MAC your low speed and high speed buffet boundaries will be: Correct answer : M0.54; M0.84 If you want to maintain a constant TAS during a climb, you should during the climb: Correct answer : reduce to a lower IAS. If you pull back the RPM lever of a constant speed propeller during a glide with idle power and constant speed, the propeller pitch will: Correct answer : increase and the rate of descent will decrease. If you increase the propeller pitch during a glide with idle-power at constant IAS the lift to drag ratio will Correct answer : increase and the rate of descent will decrease. If you decrease the propeller pitch during a glide with idle-power at constant IAS the lift to drag ratio will Correct answer : decrease and the rate of descent will increase. If VS1G is 100kt, the stalling speed in a 45 bank level turn will be: Correct answer : 119kt If two constant frequency AC generators are operating independently, then the phase relationship of each generator: Correct answer : is unimportant. If the total sum of moments about one of its axis is not zero, an aeroplane: Correct answer : would experience an angular acceleration about that axis. If the total moments about an axis are not zero, what will be the result around that axis? Correct answer : Angular acceleration. If the sum of moments in flight is not zero, the aeroplane will rotate about: Correct answer : the centre of gravity. If the radius of a turn, flown at constant IAS is increased, the angle of bank will Correct answer : decrease If the Mach number of an aeroplane in supersonic flight is increased, the shock wave angles will Correct answer : decrease. If the aircraft is properly loaded the CG, the neutral point and the manoeuvre point will be in the order given, forward to aft: Correct answer : CG, neutral point, manoeuvre point If temperature in a gas is kept constant and pressure increases, the density Correct answer : Increases. If pressure is kept constant and temperature increases, the density Correct answer : decreases. If one of the 12 cells of a lead-acid battery is dead, the battery: Correct answer : is unserviceable. If IAS is increased from 80 to 160 kt in level flight, the coefficient of induced drag and induced drag would change by the following factors: Correct answer : Coefficient of induced drag: 1/16; Induced drag: 1/4 If EAS is increased by a factor of 4, by what factor would profile drag increase? Correct answer : 16 If CAS is increased from 150kt to 300kt in level flight, CDi and Induced Drag will change by a factor of: Correct answer : CDI:1/16 ; Induced Drag:1/4 If angle of attack is increased beyond the critical angle, CL .... and the stagnation point moves .... Correct answer : decreases, rearward. If an increase in power tends to make the nose of the aircraft to dip, this is the result of the: Correct answer : Line of thrust being above the centre of gravity. If an aircraft is fitted with powered flying controls, which of the following would be used in the case of manual reversion?

Correct answer : Balance tab. If an aircraft has static longitudinal instability, it: Correct answer : will be dynamically unstable. If an aircraft has its CG ahead of its CP, in straight and level flight: Correct answer : there will normally be a download on the tailplane. If an aeroplane is accelerated from subsonic to supersonic speeds, the centre of pressure will move: Correct answer : to the mid chord position. If a symmetrical aerofoil is accelerated from subsonic to supersonic speed the centre of lift will move Correct answer : aft to the mid chord. How would the exterior appearance of an aeroplane change, when trimming for speed increase ? Correct answer : Elevator deflection is increased further downward by an upward deflected trim tab How will the density and temperature change in a supersonic flow from a position in front of a shock wave to behind it ? Correct answer : Density will increase, temperature will increase. How is adverse yaw compensated for during entry into and roll out from a turn ? Correct answer : Differential aileron deflection How does VMCG change with increasing field elevation and temperature ? Correct answer : decreases, because the engine thrust decreases. How does the exterior view of an aeroplane change, when the trim is used during a speed decrease ? Correct answer : The elevator is deflected further upwards by means of a downwards deflected trimtab. How does stalling speed (IAS) vary with altitude? Correct answer : It remains constant at lower altitudes but increases at higher altitudes due to compressibility effects. How does pressure affect lift? Correct answer : Lift decreases with decreasing pressure. How does aerodynamic drag vary when airspeed is doubled? By a factor of: Correct answer : 4 How do vortex generators work? Correct answer : They take energy from free stream and introduce it into the boundary layer. How can spatial disorientation in IMC be avoided? By Correct answer : maintaining a good instrument cross check. Higher all-up-weight will make your VMCA: Correct answer : the same. High Aspect Ratio, as compared with low Aspect Ratio, has the effect of : Correct answer : Decreasing induced drag and critical angle of attack Ground Effect occurs: Correct answer : is only effective up to 1 wingspan from the ground. Geometric washout means that Correct answer : the tip of the wing has less angle of attack than the root. Generator paralleling through busbars is done to assure that Correct answer : different consumers can be fed from different sources. From the polar diagram of the entire aeroplane one can read: Correct answer : the maximum CL/CD ratio and maximum lift coefficient. For minimum wave drag, an aircraft should be operated at which of the following speeds? Correct answer : Subsonic. For an aeroplane with one fixed value of VA the following applies. VA is : Correct answer : the speed at which the aeroplane stalls at the manoeuvring limit load factor at MTOW. For a jet aircraft the best rate of climb is achieved: Correct answer : when excess power available is at a maximum. For a given angle of attack, a swept wing will: Correct answer : have a lower lift coefficient than an equivalent straight one. For a constant aircraft weight at constant IAS and in level flight: Correct answer : VIMD will remain the same regardless of altitude.

Following the deployment of leading edge slats: Correct answer : the boundary layer is re-energised and the peak negative pressure point moves forward. Flying for maximum range in a jet aircraft, will you get a higher specific air range by increasing altitude if: Correct answer : you are below or above the tropopause, at MCDR and above VIMD. Floating due to ground effect during an approach to land will occur : Correct answer : when the height is less than halve of the length of the wing span above the surface Flaperons are controls which are used simultaneously as Correct answer : ailerons and flaps. Extending airbrakes during an approach will: Correct answer : reduce minimum drag speed. Examples of aerodynamic balancing of control surfaces are: Correct answer : servo tab, spring tab, seal between the wing trailing edge and the leading edge of control surface. Electrical bonding of an aircraft is used to: 1. protect the aircraft against lightning effects. 2. reset the electrostatic potential of the aircraft to a value approximating 0 volt 3. reduce radio interference on radiocommunication systems 4. set the aircraft to a single potential The combination regrouping all the correct statements is: Correct answer : 1, 3, 4 Dynamic pressure is expressed as: Correct answer : (density/2) V^2 Dynamic longitudinal stability requires: Correct answer : positive static longitudinal stability. During the take-off roll, what affect does torque have on an aircraft with a clockwise rotating propeller? Correct answer : Weight on left wheel increased, weight on right wheel decreased During the extension of the flaps at a constant angle of attack the aeroplane starts to (all other factors of importance being constant) Correct answer : climb. During the approach, a crew reads on the radio altimeter the value of 650 ft. This is an indication of the true: Correct answer : height of the lowest wheels with regard to the ground at any time. During landing of a low-winged jet aeroplane, the maximum elevator up deflection is normally required when the flaps are: Correct answer : fully down and the C.G. is fully forward. During initiation of a turn with speedbrakes extended, the roll spoiler function induces a spoiler deflection: Correct answer : downward on the upgoing wing and upward on the downgoing wing. During flap down selection in a continuous straight and level flight at constant IAS and weight: Correct answer : the centre of pressure moves aft. During an automatic landing, from a height of about 50 ft the: Correct answer : autopilot maintains an angle of attack depending on the radio altimeter height. During a correctly balanced turn: Correct answer : the lift force provides a centripetal force and a force that opposes the weight of the aircraft. During a Category II automatic approach, the height information is supplied by the : Correct answer : radio altimeter. Does the pitch-angle of a constant-speed propeller alter in medium horizontal turbulence? Correct answer : Yes slightly. Directional static stability is determined by: Correct answer : fin volume. Directional stability is the stability around the: Correct answer : Normal axis. Dihedral of the wing: Correct answer : increases the static lateral stability. Differential aileron deflection: Correct answer : equals the drag of the right and left aileron. Deflecting the elevator up, when the trim tab is in neutral, will cause the tab to: Correct answer : remain in line with the elevator Define the term "Mach number". Correct answer : The ratio between TAS and the speed of sound

Critical Mach-number is the : Correct answer : highest speed without supersonic flow over any part of the aeroplane. Constant-speed propellers provide a better performance than fixed-pitch propellers because they: Correct answer : produce an almost maximum efficiency over a wider speed range. Considering the lateral stability of a swept wing aircraft, at high level the static lateral stability will be .... and the dynamic lateral stability will be ..... Correct answer : the same; less. Compared with the flap up configuration the maximum angle of attack for the flaps down configuration is Correct answer : smaller. Compared with an oblique shock wave at the same Mach number a normal shock wave has a Correct answer : higher loss in total pressure. Compared with an oblique shock wave at the same Mach number a normal shock wave has a Correct answer : higher compression. Compared with a conventional gyro, a laser gyro : Correct answer : has a longer life cycle Compared to straight wings, swept back wings have Correct answer : Better directional stability. Compared to straight wings of the same airfoil section swept wings ... the onset of the transonic drag rise and have a .... CD in supersonic flight Correct answer : delay, higher Compared to a wing at sea level at 200kt TAS, a wing at 40,000ft at 400kt TAS and the same angle of attack will have: Correct answer : the same lift. Compared to a straight wing of the same airfoil section a wing swept at 30 should theoretically have an Mcrit .... times Mcrit for the straight wing, but will, in practice gain .... that increase Correct answer : 1.154; half Compared to a normal transonic airfoil section a supercritical section has: Correct answer : a flatter top surface. Climbing at a constant Mach Number up to FL 350 the TAS will: Correct answer : decrease. Cambered wing sections give ..... maximum CL at a relatively .... angles of attack. Correct answer : high; low By what percentage does VA (EAS) alter when the aeroplane's weight decreases by 19%? Correct answer : 10% lower. By what percentage does the lift increase in a steady level turn at 45 angle of bank, compared to straight and level flight? Correct answer : 41%. By what approximate percentage will the stall speed increase in a horizontal coordinated turn with a bank angle of 45 ? Correct answer : 19% Before transmitting the pilot should...: Correct answer : Listen out on the frequency to ensure no interference with another station already transmitting will occur. At zero angle of attack in flight, a symmetrical wing section will produce: Correct answer : zero lift with some drag. At what speed does the front of a shock wave move across the earth's surface? Correct answer : The ground speed of the aeroplane. At what speed does a shock wave move forward over the ground? Correct answer : Aircraft ground speed. At the tip of the wing in level flight, the air flows Correct answer : from the lower surface to the upper surface and then down at the trailing edge At the same weight, with the CG at its forward limit: Correct answer : VS is higher, the stalling angle is unchanged. At higher altitudes, the stall speed (IAS): Correct answer : increases At constant EAS, what is the effect on aerodynamic damping as height increases? Correct answer : Damping in all axes is reduced.

At an aircraft weight of 80,000lb in 1g level flight at FL350 your low speed buffet boundary will be: Correct answer : 220kts At an aircraft weight of 70,000lb your aerodynamic ceiling in 1g level flight will be: Correct answer : FL420 At an aeroplane's minimum drag speed, what is the ratio between induced drag Di and profile drag Dp (Di/Dp)? Correct answer : 1/1 At a true airspeed of 300kt and in a 45bank level turn, the radius of turn would be .... (assume a value of 10m/sec/sec for g). Correct answer : 2387m At a given CAS an aircraft flying below sea level will have: Correct answer : a lower TAS than at sea level. At a constant Mach number, the calibrated air speed (CAS) : Correct answer : decreases when the altitude increases As you accelerate in level flight from the speed at CLMax to maximum speed the total drag: Correct answer : decreases then increases. As the speed of an aircraft at 20,000ft increases, profile drag: Correct answer : increases as the square of the TAS. As regards three-phase AC generators, the following conditions must be met for paralleling AC generators: 1. Equal voltage 2. Equal current 3. Equal frequencies 4. Same phase rotation 5. Voltages of same phase The combination regrouping all the correct statements is : Correct answer : 1, 3, 4, 5 As regards the Generator Contol Unit (GCU) of an AC generator, it can be said that: 1. The GCU controls the AC generator voltage 2. Modern GCUs are provided with a permanent indication to record the failure 3. All the commands originating from the control panel are applied via the GCU, except dog clutch release 4. The Auxiliary Power Unit (APU) provides the excitation of the AC generator as soon as the APU starts up The combination regrouping all the correct statements is : Correct answer : 2, 3 As it applies to airfoils. which statement is in agreement with Bernoulli's Principle? Correct answer : The static pressure of a fluid decreases at points where the speed of the fluid increases. As fuel is consumed during a level flight cruise at high level: Correct answer : induced drag will decrease. As an aircraft goes from subsonic to supersonic flight the CP: Correct answer : moves aft. As an aircraft accelerates through the transonic speed range: Correct answer : the coefficient of drag increases then decreases. An increase in aspect ratio will: Correct answer : cause VIMD to be reduced. An increase in angle of attack (below the stalling angle of attack) increases lift because Correct answer : the lift coefficient increases An example of differential aileron deflection during initiation of left turn is: Correct answer : Left aileron: 5 up Right aileron: 2 down An engine failure can result in a windmilling (1) propeller and a non rotating (2) propeller. Which statement about propeller drag is correct? Correct answer : (1) is larger than (2). An automatic pilot is a system which can ensure the functions of: Correct answer : piloting and guidance of an aircraft in both the horizontal and vertical planes. An aircraft's tendency to dutch roll may be reduced by: Correct answer : giving the wings an angle of anhedral. An aircraft is placed in a level balanced turn and the controls released. It is spirally unstable if: Correct answer : the bank steadily increases. An aircraft is maintaining height and heading with the left engine inoperative and 5deg of bank toward the live engine. Which of the following indications will be displayed? Correct answer : turn indicator neutral, ball to the right An aircraft is in straight, level flight has a CL of 0.42, and a 1 increase in angle of attack would increase the CL by 0.1. Following a gust that increases the angle of attack by 3, what load factor would the aircraft be subject to? Correct answer : n = 1.7

An aircraft is in straight and level flight with the left engine inoperative and the wings level. The turn indicator will be .... and the slip indicator will be ..... Correct answer : neutral; neutral. An aircraft is flown at 20% below its normal weight. Because of this, VA will be: Correct answer : 10% lower An aircraft is fitted with an elevator with a servo tab mechanism in the pitch control system. If the elevator becomes jammed, what is the effect on pitch control? Correct answer : Some pitch control will be retained, working in the reverse sense. An aircraft is approaching to land with its CG at the forward limit. It will be .... to flare and VREF will be .... than normal. Correct answer : difficult; higher An aircraft in straight and level flight has a CL of 0.35, and a 1 increase in angle of attack would increase the CL by 0.079. If a vertical gust increased angle of attack from the 1g value by 2, what load factor would result? Correct answer : 0.45 An aircraft in flight is affected by loads. These may be classified as: Correct answer : compressive, tensile, shear and torsional. An aircraft has a mass of 60,000kg and a limiting positive load factor of 2,5. VA is calculated as the EAS at which full positive elevator deflection will give the limiting load factor at the stall, and is 237kt. If the aircraft mass is reduced to 40,000kg by fuel burn, what will be the new VA? Correct answer : 194kt An aircraft flying at a given EAS is subject to a positive gust of 50kt EAS. Which of the following correctly describes the increase in positive g felt by the aircraft? Correct answer : More with a high aspect ratio straight wing. An aircraft flying at 150kt EAS at 10,000ft compared to the same aircraft flying at the same EAS at sea level will have: Correct answer : the same angle of attack. An aeroplane, with a C.G. location behind the centre of pressure of the wing can only maintain a straight and level flight when the horizontal tail loading is: Correct answer : upwards. An aeroplane with swept back wings is equipped with slats and/or leading edge (L.E.) flaps. One possible efficient way to arrange the leading edge devices on the wings is: Correct answer : Wing roots: L.E. flaps Wing tips: slats An aeroplane that has positive static stability: Correct answer : can be dynamically stable, neutral or unstable. An aeroplane performs a steady horizontal turn with 20 degrees bank and 150 kt TAS. The same aeroplane with the same bank angle and the same speed, but at a lower mass will: Correct answer : turn with the same turn radius. An aeroplane performs a continuous descent with 160 kts IAS and 1000 feet/min vertical speed. In this condition: Correct answer : weight is greater than lift An aeroplane maintains straight and level flight while the IAS is doubled. The change in lift coefficient will be: Correct answer : x 0.25 An aeroplane is in a steady turn, at a constant TAS of 300 kt, and a bank angle of 45. Its turning radius is equal to: (given: g= 10 m/s) Correct answer : 2381 metres. An aeroplane is in a steady climb. The autothrottle maintains a constant Mach number. If the total temperature remains constant, the calibrated airspeed : Correct answer : decreases. An aeroplane is descending at a constant Mach number from FL 350. What is the effect on true airspeed ? Correct answer : It increases as temperature increases An aeroplane has a stalling speed of 100 kt in a steady level flight. When the aeroplane is flying a level turn with a load factor of 1.5, the stalling speed is: Correct answer : 122 kt. An aeroplane has a stall speed of 78 KCAS at its gross weight of 6850 Ibs. What is the stall speed when the weight is 5000 Ibs ? Correct answer : 67 KCAS An aeroplane has a servo-tab controlled elevator. What will happen when only the elevator jams during flight ? Correct answer : Pitch control reverses direction.

An aeroplane accelerates from 80 kt to 160 kt at a load factor equal to 1. The induced drag coefficient (i) and the induced drag (ii) alter with the following factors: Correct answer : (i) 1/16 (ii) 1/4 Air-driven gyro rotors are prevented from spinning too fast by the Correct answer : vacuum relief valve Air passes a normal shock wave. Which of the following statements is correct? Correct answer : The temperature increases. After a disturbance about the lateral axis, an aeroplane oscillates about the lateral axis at a constant amplitude. The aeroplane is: Correct answer : Statically stable - Dynamically neutral Aft settings of the CG will: Correct answer : increase the possibility of dutch roll. Aerodynamic balance can be obtained by: Correct answer : an internal balance (the leading edge of the aileron is housed within a box inside the wing trailing edge, vented to atmosphere, with a seal from the wing to the leading edge of the aileron). A yaw damper is a system which: Correct answer : Increase directional stability A wing has a span of 50 feet and an area of 200 square feet. Its mean chord would be: Correct answer : 4 feet A wing has a "Fineness Ratio" which is the ratio of: Correct answer : Thickness to the chord A typical fixed pitch propeller (C-172) is designed to achieve its optimum angle of attack at: Correct answer : cruise speed A twin-engine aircraft is available in both jet and propeller variants. The engines are mounted on the wings in the same position in both types. In the case of failure of one engine how would the resultant roll effect show itself? Correct answer : Jet: roll away from the live engine; Propeller: roll away from the live engine more rapidly. A twin-engine aircraft is available in both jet and propeller variants. The engines are mounted on the wings in the same position in both types. In the case of failure of one engine how would the engine torque effect show itself? Correct answer : Jet: no change; Propeller: roll in the direction of rotation of the dead engine. A transport airplane has to be equipped with an altitude warning device. This system will warn the crew about : 1 - getting close to the preselected altitude, during both climb and descent. 2 - getting close to the preselected altitude, during climb only. 3 - the loss of altitude during take-off or missed approach. 4 - a wrong landing configuration. 5 - a variation higher or lower than a preselected altitude. The combination regrouping the correct statements is: Correct answer : 1,5 A statically unstable aeroplane is: Correct answer : never dynamically stable. A shock stall occurs when laminar flow breaks down: Correct answer : behind the shock wave. A resolution advisory is represented on the display system of the TCAS 2 by a: Correct answer : red full square. A rectifier is a unit that Correct answer : produces a DC output from AC input. A propeller turns to the right, seen from behind. The torque effect in the take-off will: Correct answer : roll the aeroplane to the left. A propeller rotating anti-clockwise when viewed from the front, during the take-off ground roll will: Correct answer : produce an increased load on the left wheel due to torque reaction. A propeller is turning to the right, seen from behind. The asymmetric thrust effect is mainly induced by: Correct answer : high angles of attack. A propeller is turning to the right, seen from behind. The asymmetric thrust effect in the climb will: Correct answer : yaw the aeroplane to the left. A propeller is said to be "double acting" when it: Correct answer : uses oil pressure to move the blade toward fine and coarse A pilot wishes to turn left on to a southerly heading with 20 bank at a latitude of 20 North. Using a direct reading compass, in order to achieve this he must stop the turn on an approximate heading of : Correct answer : 160

A pilot has to carry out a single pilot IFR flight on a light twin aircraft for cargo transport. The purpose of the automatic pilot should be at least to hold: Correct answer : heading and altitude. A pilot engages the control wheel steering (CWS) of a conventional autopilot and carries out a manoeuvre in roll. When the control wheel is released, the autopilot will : Correct answer : maintain the flight attitude obtained at that moment. A modern jet aeroplane equipped with inboard and outboard ailerons plus roll control spoilers is cruising at its normal cruise Mach number: Correct answer : only the inboard ailerons are active, the spoilers may be active. A mach trim system operates: Correct answer : at high Mach number. A line from the centre of curvature of the leading edge of a cambered airfoil to the trailing edge, equidistant from the top and bottom surfaces is: Correct answer : the mean camber line. A line drawn from the leading edge to the trailing edge of an airfoil and equidistant at all points from the upper and lower contours is called the Correct answer : mean camber line. A light twin is in a turn at 20 degrees bank and 150 kt TAS. A more heavy aeroplane at the same bank and the same speed will: Correct answer : turn at the same turn radius. A laminar boundary layer is ..... and has ..... drag than a turbulent layer: Correct answer : thin; less A jet transport aeroplane is in a straight climb at a constant IAS and constant weight. The operational limit that may be exceeded is: Correct answer : MMO. A jet aeroplane is cruising at high altitude with a Mach-number, that provides a buffet margin of 0.3g incremental. In order to increase the buffet margin to 0.4g incremental the pilot must : Correct answer : fly at a lower altitude and the same Mach-number A jet aeroplane equipped with inboard and outboard ailerons is cruising at its normal cruise Mach number. In this case Correct answer : only the inboard ailerons are active. A horn balance in a control system has the following purpose: Correct answer : to decrease stick forces. A glider reduces weight by dumping water ballast. A ten per cent reduction in weight would give: Correct answer : a decrease in best rate of descent. A glider has a maximum lift/drag ratio of 20. Its best angle of glide in still air would be: Correct answer : 1 in 20 A function of vortex generators in the transonic regime is to: Correct answer : reduce boundary layer separation drag when shockwaves form. A commercial jet aeroplane is performing a straight descent at a constant Mach Number with constant weight. The operational limit that may be exceeded is: Correct answer : VMO. A body is placed in a certain airstream. The density of the airstream decreases to half of the original value. The aerodynamic drag will decrease with a factor : Correct answer : 2 . A balance tab is installed to provide: Correct answer : reduced control column movement resistance "Tuck under" may happen at: Correct answer : high Mach numbers. "Tuck under" is: Correct answer : the tendency to nose down when speed is increased into the transonic flight regime. "Tuck under" is caused by (i) which movement of the centre of pressure of the wing and (ii) which change of the downwash angle at the location of the stabilizer. Correct answer : (i) aft (ii) decreasing "Flutter" may be caused by: Correct answer : distorsion by bending and torsion of the structure causing increasing vibration in the resonance frequency.