Statistics and SENIOR

HIGH
Probability SCHOOL

Module
Regression Line Equation 17
Quarter 2
Statistics and Probability
Quarter 2 – Module 17: Regression Line Equation
First Edition, 2020

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Statistics and SENIOR
HIGH

Probability SCHOOL

Module

17
Quarter 2
Regression Line
Equation
Introductory Message

For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Statistics and Probability for Senior High School Module on
Regression Line Equation!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators

from Schools Division Office of Pasig City headed by its Officer-In-Charge Schools
Division Superintendent, Ma. Evalou Concepcion A. Agustin in partnership with
the Local Government of Pasig through its mayor, Honorable Victor Ma. Regis N.
Sotto.
The writers utilized the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum using the Most
Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) while overcoming their personal, social,
and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning material hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Further, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st century skills especially the 5 Cs namely:
Communication, Collaboration, Creativity, Critical Thinking and Character while
taking into consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies
that will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning. Moreover, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.
For the learner:

Welcome to the Statistics and Probability Module on Regression Line Equation!

The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used to
depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and
accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a
learner is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant
competencies and skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in
your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities
for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be
enabled to process the contents of the learning material while being an active
learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

Expectation - These are what you will be able to know after

completing the lessons in the module

Pre-test - This will measure your prior knowledge and the

concepts to be mastered throughout the lesson.

Recap - This section will measure what learnings and skills

that you understand from the previous lesson.

Lesson- This section will discuss the topic for this module.

Activities - This is a set of activities you will perform.

Wrap Up- This section summarizes the concepts and

applications of the lessons.

Valuing-this part will check the integration of values in the

learning competency.

Post-test - This will measure how much you have learned from
the entire module.
 EXPECTATION

At the end of this lesson, you are expected to:

• predict the value of the dependent variable given the value of the
independent variable.

PRE–TEST

Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer.

For each regression line, predict Y’ for the given values of X

1. Y’= 3X + 6 if X=5
a. Y’=20 b. Y’=21 c. Y’=22 d. Y’=23

2. Y’= 2.4 X + 0.3 if X=1.5

a. Y’=3.9 b. Y’=2.9 c. Y’=1.9 d. Y’= 0.9

3. Y’=-3.2 X + 6.7 if X=4

a. -4.1 b. -5.1 c. -6.1 d. -7.1

4. Y’= 2X + 1 if X=3
a. Y’=4 b. Y’=5 c. Y’=6 d. Y’=7

2 1
5. Y’= X+ if X=2
3 2
11 11 11 11
a. Y’= b. Y’= c. Y’= d. Y’=
6 5 4 3
 RECAP
In the last lesson, we learned that the commonly used statistic to measure
correlation is the Pearson coefficient of correlation, or simply r . We also learned
how to compute r using a formula. Further, we interpreted the computed r in
terms of its direction and strength.

If the computed r is significant, the regression analysis can be performed. When

performing regression analysis, we determine the dependent and the independent
variable. In the next activity, we will predict the value of the dependent variable
given the value of the independent variable. We will also form the regression line
using the “point-slope form".

LESSON

In this lesson, we will take a deeper look at the trend line. We will
go to its more accurate analysis by getting its mathematical equation and
how it is used in prediction. The field of Statistics that deals with prediction
is called regression analysis.

The horizontal axis representing the independent variable and

the vertical axis representing the dependent variable. In this function Y is
the dependent variable which is the event expected to change; and X is the
independent variable which is manipulated. To solve for Y, substitute the
given value of X.

Y= f (X)

Linear regression quantifies the relationship between one or more

predictor variables and one outcome variable. For example it can be used to
quantify the relative impacts of age, gender, and diet (the predictor
variables) on height (the outcome variable). Y is the outcome or dependent
variable whereas X is the predictor or independent variable.
 When the trend line is drawn, we observed that some of the points are
on the line while others are below or above the line. In other words, we say
that the points in the scatterplot regress with reference to the line. If the
average Y distances of the points from this line is the least, then we call this
line the regression line or the line that “best fit” in the scatterplot. The
regression line is the same as the trend line.

The regression line is the same as the point-slope form equation of a

line in algebra. The regression line is Y’=bX+a where b is the slope of the
line and a is the y-intercept.

Example 1 : In the regression line, Y’= 4X + 6 predict Y’ if the given

value of X=4
Solution:
Step 1: Copy the linear equation
Y’= 4X+6
Step 2: Substitute the given value of X=4 in the equation
Y’= 4(4) + 6
Step 3: Solve for Y, evaluate
Y’= 16+6
Y’=22 (answer)
Therefore, the predicted value of Y’=22 when X=4
Example 2 : In the regression line, Y’= 2X - 4 predict Y’ if the given
value of X=3
Solution:
Step 1: Copy the linear equation
Y’= 2X - 4
Step 2: Substitute the given value of X=3 in the equation
Y’= 2(3) – 4
Step 3: Solve for Y’, evaluate
Y’= 6 - 4
Y’=2 (answer)
Therefore, the predicted value of Y’=2 when X=3
 Example 3 : In the regression line, Y’= -3X + 4, find the value of b or
the slope and graph the line.
Solution: b=-3 (the slope is negative), thus the graph of the line is,
Y’= -3X + 4

ACTIVITIES
Activity 1: LET’S PRACTICE

Write True or False given the following statements.

_________________1. The regression line is the same as the

trend line or the line that “best fit” in the scatterplot.

_________________2. The dependent variable is X while the

independent variable is Y.

_________________3. In the equation Y’=bX + a, b is the slope of

the regression line.

_________________4. To predict the value of Y’, we substitute the

given value of X in the equation.

_________________5. If the slope is negative, the graph of the

regression line is increasing.
 Activity 2: KEEP PRACTICING
For each regression line, predict Y for the given values of X.
Match Column A to Column B

Column A Column B
1. Y’= 3X + 5 if X=3 19
2. Y’= 2.6 X + 0.5 if X=2.5 29.67
3. Y’=3.5 X + 1.67 if X=8 11/4
4. Y’= 4X - 1 if X=5 7
5.
1
Y’= X + ¾ if X= 4 14
2

WRAP – UP

A regression line is a straight line that describes how a

response variable y changes as an explanatory variable x changes. We often
use a regression line to predict the value of y’ for a given value of x.
The equation Y’= bX+a is the equation of the regression line
where b is the slope and a is the y-intercept.
How will you predict the value of the dependent variable given the value of
the independent variable?

VALUING
An easy way to think of independent and dependent variable
is when you are conducting an experiment, the independent variable is what
you change, and the dependent variable is what changes because of that.
You can also think of the independent variable as the cause and the
dependent variable as the effect.

For example, in the COVID19 crisis nowadays, how can our

government implement ECQ or GCQ in some areas?

The implementation of ECQ or GCQ depends upon the number

of COVID cases in the area. Thus the number of cases in a day would be the
independent variable X, and the implementation of ECQ/GCQ would be the
dependent variable Y.

Now, give at least three pairs of dependent and independent

variables which are evident in this time of pandemic crisis.
 POST TEST

Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer.

For each regression line, predict Y’ for the given values of X

1. Y’= 4X + 7 if X=2
a. 12 b. 14 c. 15 d. 17

2. Y’= 2.5 X + 0.6 if X=2.1

a. 2.85 b. 3.85 c. 4.85 d. 5.85

3. Y’=-1.5 X + 4.3 if X=3

a. -0.1 b. -0.2 c. -0.3 d. -0.4

4. Y’= 5X + 8 if X=3
a. 23 b. 24 c. 25 d. 26

5. Y’= 1.5 X + 9 if X=4

a. 14 b. 15 c. 16 d. 17
 KEY TO CORRECTION

REFERENCES

En.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dependent
https://faculty.etsu.edu
https://examples.yourdictionary.com
https://www.thoughtco.com
Belecina, Rene R, Baccay, Elisa S., Mateo, Efren B (2016)
Statistics and Probability (Students’ Textbook, pages 304-314` and Teacher’s
Resource Material, pages 86-95)
Philippine Copyright 2016 by Rex Book Store, Inc.