CONTENT NOTE

DSIC LIST OF TOPICS TERM 1

2024/2025

TEACHER’S NAME AKINLOTAN ELIZABETH

SUBJECT HOME ECONOMICS
CLASS YEAR 9
SCHOOL DSIC
DEPARTMENT VOCATIONAL

WK MAIN TOPICS
WEEK 1 Introduction to Textiles study.
2 Introduction to Textiles study.
3 Sewing Machine.
4 Sewing Machine.
5 Garment construction Process
6 Basic Stiches in crossway strips
7 MID TERM BREAK
8 Arrangement of Fullness
9 Dress Sense
10 Dress Sense
11 Practical/Project work
12 Revision.
13 Examination.

WEEK ONE
CONTENT: Introduction to Textiles study
SUB-TOPIC: Meaning, Reasons and Uses of Textiles.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, students
should be able to:
i. Explain the meaning of Textiles.
ii. State reasons for the study of Textiles.
iii. State the uses of Textiles
iv. Explain the basic term
INTRODUCTION TO TEXTILES STUDY
Textiles are fibres, cloths or materials used to make fabrics.
The study of textiles involves an understanding of the origin
of fibres to the ways of constructing fibres into fabrics,
properties of the fabrics, ways of caring for the fabrics and
the uses of the fabrics.
REASONS FOR THE STUDY OF TEXTILES
1. Identifying different types of fabrics and their
characteristics or properties.
2. Selecting or choosing the suitable fabric for a given
purpose.
3. Taking proper care of the fabric
4. Handling the fabric correctly
5. Making you a wise consumer.
 GENERAL USES OF TEXTILES
1. Textiles are used for construction of personal and family
clothes e. g dresses, underwear
2. Construction of household linen, such as bed sheets,
curtains, towels
3. Keeping the body warm or cool e.g sweaters and cotton
wears
4. Protecting the body from rain or wind e.g rain coats
5. Beautifying or adorning the body
6. Covering our nakedness (modesty)
BASIC TEXTILES TERM
1. Fibre is a hair-like basic unit of raw material used in the
making of yarns and fabrics e.g. cotton, linen, silk, wool,
nylon fibres.
2. Yarn is a thread made by twisting or spinning fibres.
3. Fabric is cloth constructed with yarn or directly from
fibres by weaving, knitting, crocheting, felting, etc. A
woven fabric is made up of two set of yarn or thread-the
warp and the weft.
4. The warp is the yarn or thread which runs length-wise in
a woven fabric. It is parallel to the selvedge.
5. The weft is the yarn that runs cross-wise in a fabric. It
runs at right angles across the selvedge grain.
 6. The selvedge is the edge of the fabric made by the weft
thread or yarn by turning over the warp thread. It is the
mill-finish edge of a fabric which runs in a length-wise
direction.
7. Bias is the diagonal direction across the two grain lines,
warp and weft.

WEEK TWO
CONTENT: Introduction to Textiles Study
SUB-TOPIC: Classification, Properties and Manufacturing
Process of Fibres.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, students
should be able to:
i. Classify fibres into natural and man-made
ii. List the natural and man-made fibres.
iii. Enumerate the properties of each fibre.

CLASSIFICATION AND PROPERTIES OF FIBRES

Fibres are classified into two classes, they are:
1. Natural Fibres
2. Man- made
1. NATURAL FIBRES- are gotten from either plant e. g
cotton and linen or from animals e. g wool and silk.
2. MAN-MADE FIBRES- are gotten from cellulose based
fibres e. g viscose rayon and acetate or from non-
cellulose based e. g nylon, polyester and acrylics.

Fibres
|
____________________________________
 | |
Natural fibres Man-made fibres
| |
_________________ ______________
| | | |
Animal Fibre Plant Fibres Cellulose-based Non-cellulose
e.g i. wool e. g cotton e. g rayon e. g nylon
ii. silk linen acetate polyester

PROPERTIES OF FIBRES
• A. COTTON: Cotton is a vegetable/plant fibre. It is made
from cotton balls of the cotton plant. The cotton fibres
surround the seeds of the cotton plant.
• PROPERTIES OF COTTON
1. It absorbs moisture quickly
2. It is reasonably strong and durable
3. It washes well
4. It can be dyed easily
5. It is cool and comfortable to wear
B. LINEN: Is a vegetable/plant fibre. It is gotten from the
stem of flax plant. The flax plant grows in countries such as
France, Russia, it is not produced in Nigeria.
PROPERTIES
1. It is stronger than cotton
2. It is absorbent and cool to wear
3. It dries slowly
4. It washes well
5. It is a good conductor of heat.

C. WOOL: is an animal fibre. It is gotten from the hair of

fleece of sheep. The hair of camel, Angora, rabbit or Angora
goat can also be used. It is commonly produced in Britain,
Australia etc.
PROPERTIES
1. A wool fibre has a scaly appearance
2. It is stronger when dry than when wet.
3. It gives the smell of burning feather when burnt.
4. It makes a very absorbent fabrics
5. It is readily affected by bleach

D. SILK- is an animal fibre. It is produced by silkworm. Silk is

produced chiefly in France, Italy , China and Japan.
PROPERTIES
1. It is a very strong fibre.
2. It is smooth and fine.
3. It is warm to touch.
4. It absorbs moisture easily.
5. It is an expensive fibre.

E. VISCOSE RAYON; is made by treating wood pulp or cotton

linters with certain chemicals.
PROPERTIES
1. It is not very strong especially when wet
2. It has smooth surface.
3. It resembles silk in appearance only.

F. ACETATE; it is made from wood pulp or cotton linters

treated with acetic acid and acetic anhydride.
PROPERTIES
1. It dries quickly.
2. It loses strength when wet.
3. It is moderately elastic.

G.NYLON: is the family name for all synthetic polyamides.

PROPERTIES
1. It is very strong
2. It is light in weight
3. It requires no ironing
4. It is durable
ASSIGNMENT
1. Outline the manufacturing process of the following:
I. Silk
II. Nylon
III. Cotton
IV. Acetate
3. Research images of the following fabrics and paste in
your note;
I. Cotton
II. Silk
III. Wool
IV. Acetate
V. Nylon
VI. Viscose rayon

WEEK THREE
CONTENT: Experiment and test on different fibres
SUB-TOPIC: Appearance, microscopic and burning test
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, students
should be able to:
i.
 WEEK FOUR
CONTENT: Care and Handling of different fabrics
SUB-TOPIC: Reasons, Laundry agents and equipment.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, students
should be able to:
i. State reasons for caring for clothing.
ii. Explain the factors to consider in laundering fabrics.
iii. Enumerate the laundry agents and equipment.

CARE AND HANDLING OF DIFFERENT FABRICS.

REASONS FOR CARE OF CLOTHING
1. To make the clothing last longer. Dirt can damage fabrics
2. To kill any disease-carrying germs and pests in the fabrics
3. To keep the clothes looking clean or better, dirty clothes
are unpleasant to look at
4. To save money since clean clothes last longer
5. To ensure that whatever clothes you have will be
available for wearing anytime.
LAUNDRY AGENTS AND EQUIPMENT
• Laundry agents are substances which aid the removal of
dirt from articles.
1. Water: used for soaking, washing and rinsing clothes.
2. Soaps and detergents: to lower the surface tension of
water, remove certain stains, kill carrying germs in
fabrics.
3. Bleaches: make white cotton and linen fabrics whiter,
remove certain stains, kill disease carrying germs in
fabric.
4. Stiffening agents; to stiffen cotton and linen fabrics, to
give the fabrics a smooth surface and fresh look
5. Stain removers; to remove stains from fabrics.

LAUNDRY EQUIPMENT AND TOOLS

1. Equipment and tools for collecting dirty clothes: These
include linen baskets or bins, laundry bags
2. Equipment and tools for washing: These include basins,
buckets and laundry tubs or trays, they can be made of
plastics, stainless steel or porcelain. We also have
washing machine.
3. Equipment and tools for drying: clothes lines, movable
clothes, horses or hangers, pegs etc.
4. Ironing or pressing equipment: These include the iron,
ironing board, ironing pads etc.
 GENERAL GUIDELINES AND STEPS IN LAUNDERING
 Sorting
 Mending
 Stain removal
 Soaking and steeping
 Washing
 Rinsing
 Boiling
 Bluing and stiffening
 Drying
 Finishing or ironing
 Airing
 Folding and storage.
 WEEK FIVE
CONTENT: BASIC ELEMENTS OF DESIGN
SUB-TOPIC: COLOUR WHEEL AND POINTS TO CONSIDER WHEN
CHOOSING COLOUR
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, students
should be able to:
i. List the element of design.
ii. State the primary and secondary colours.
iii. Make colour wheel

 THE BASIC ELEMENTS OF DESIGN

 LINE: refers to the outline of an object.
| -vertical line \ - diagonal line ----- horizontal
( -curve line
 SHAPE: refers to the form of a solid object which is
created when lines are combined. The outline of a
garment is its shape.

 SPACE: refers to the three dimensional area that is to be

designed.it is the entire area within a garment.

 TEXTURE: this is the way the surface of a fabric looks and

feels.
 COLOUR: is one of the most important elements that has
many visual effects and its own language.
 COLOUR WHEEL
Colour Wheel is the arrangement of colours in a circle to
show how they are related.
1. PRIMARY COLOURS- red, yellow and blue.
2. SECONDARY COLOURS- orange, green, and purple/violet.
3. TERTIARY COLOURS- These are six and each is a blend of
primary and secondary colours. They are red-violet, blue-
violet, blue-green, yellow-green, yellow-orange and red-
orange.
4. WARM COLOURS- These are red, yellow, orange, yellow-
orange red-orange etc.
5. COOL COLOURS – These are blue, green, purple, blue-
purple, blue-green e t c.
POINTS TO CONSIDER WHEN CHOOSING COLOURS
1. Cool and dark colours make one look smaller than
normal.
2. Warm and light /bright colours make one look larger
than normal.
3. Bright contrasting colours draw attention to the figure
therefore make one look larger than normal.
4. Black can be used with all colour except very dark brown
because there will be no contrast.
5. White goes with every colour provided it is used
sparingly.
6. Brown goes well with yellow, green, light blue, orange
etc.
 7. Grey as neutral colour, it harmonizes with red, yellow,
blue, green, orange and purple.
ASSIGNMENT
Home Economics for Junior Secondary School 1-3 by Elizabeth
Anyakoha Review Questions page 275 nos 1-10

WEEK SIX
CONTENT: Basic Element of Design
SUB-TOPIC: Different figure types and colour combination in
dresses
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, students
should be able to:
i. State the different styles suitable for different figures.
ii. Combine colours together to suit different figures.

DIFFERENT FIGURE TYPES

Figure in clothing construction means the body outline
or shape of a person. No two persons are exactly alike.
There are also figure faults and these can be concealed
with suitable styles, colour and patterns of clothes.
There are nine figure types based on their height and
nape to waist. They are girls, Chubby, Teen/young,
Junior petite, Junior, Miss Petite, Miss, Half size and
Women.

FIGURES SUITABLE UNSUITABLE/AVOID

1. Tall and i. Large flowery i. Vertical
slender designs. stripes.
ii. Warm colours ii. Tight
iii. Horizontal dresses.
stripes. iii. V-shaped
/low narrow
necklines.
2. Short and i. Vertical i. Fabrics with
plump/stout stripes. large
ii. Lightweight elaborate
fabrics. prints.
iii. Cool colours. ii. Large
sleeves
iii. Tight fitting
dresses with
 high collars
3. Flat chest i. Gathered and i. Fitted
draped styles. bodice.
ii. Bodice should ii. Too wide
have added necklines.
fullness.
iii. Bows, drapes
4. Large bust i. V- shaped i. high neckline
neckline i. Full sleeves
ii. Fitted sleeves ii. Breast
iii. Vertical lines pocket
5. Short neck i. Open neckline i. Tie neck
ii. V-shaped bands
neckline ii. High polo-
iii. U-shaped necks
neckline iii. Mandarin
neckline
6. Long neck i. High neckline. i. Wide or
ii. Turtle neck boat-shaped
iii. Frills at neck necklines
7. Large hips i. Shaped skirt i. Fitted skirt.
from waist. ii. Pockets at
ii. Gathers can be hips.
used if the iii. Too narrow
waist is small. bodice
iii. Straight
dresses with
no belt.
 ASSIGNMENT
Home Economics for Junior Secondary School 1-3 by Elizabeth
Anyakoha Review Questions page 320 nos 1-8

WEEK SEVEN
CONTENT: Sewing Machine
SUB-TOPIC: Types, parts and faults
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, students
should be able to:
i. Identify different types of sewing machine
ii. Pin point parts of sewing machine and their functions
iii. State ways of caring for sewing machine.

SEWING MACHINE
The sewing machine is major sewing equipment. It is
very important in successful sewing. There are
different types and maker of sewing machines. The
following are common types of sewing machines.
1. HAND SEWING MACHINE: This is a simple machine
operated just with hand. It requires to be placed on
a table.
2. TREADLE SEWNG MACHINE: This is operated with
the feet. The worker has both hands free for
guiding the work. It normally has a special stand.
3. ELECTRIC SEWING MACHINE: This is operated with
the aid of an electric motor.
 PARTS OF A SEWING MACHINE
MACHINE PARTS FUNCTIONS
1. Balance wheel Turned either forward
or backward to make
the machine sew.
2. aPresser foot Holds the fabric firmly
in place for stitching.
3. Presser foot lifter Used to raise and lower
the presser foot. It is at
the back of the
machine.
4. Feed-dog Holds fabric tight
 against the presser
foot.
5. Spoon pin Holds the spool of the
thread.
6. Stitch regulator Used to shorten or
lengthen the stitches of
the machine.
7. Bobbin Used for winding the
thread which goes in
the lower part of the
machine.
8. Bobbin case It is the case that holds
the bobbin.
9. Tension discs Regulates the tightness
of the thread as it forms
the stitch.
10. Thread guides Prevents the thread
from twisting and
support the thread from
one part of the machine
to another.
11. Throat plate Provides opening
through which the
needle projects down-
ward and the feed-dog
upward.
12.

CARE AND MAINTENANCE OF SEWING MACHINE

1. Study the machine handbook (manual) carefully.
2. Clean the machine often by dusting to remove, dirt
and dust.
3. Oil the necessary point according to the hard book.
4. Cover the machine when not in use.
5. Do not scratch the plain work of machine by using
sharp object like scissors on it.
6. Disconnect the belt of a treadle machines to enable
the encasement of the machine in its box.
COMMON MACHINE PROBLEMS
1. Regulating the thread tension.
2. Imperfect stitching.
3. Skipped stitching
4. Breaking of machine needle.
5. Constant breaking of thread.
6. Puckers in fabrics.

ARRANGEMENT OF FULLNESS
Fullness in clothing construction means the provision of
extra allowance in the garment. They are darts, tucks,
gathers, easing and pleats.
DARTS
Darts are tapered folds of fabric stitched on the wrong
side of a garment section. Darts can be straight, curved
or doubled pointed.
USES OF DARTS
1. They control fullness.
2. They turn that fabric into shapes to fit the human
figure.
3. They help to give a good fitting and shape to the
finished garment.
TUCKS
Tucks are special stitched folds made in garment
stitched for all or part of the length. The fold is formed
on the right side of the garment. When tucks are partly
stitched, they are called dart tucks.

USES OF TUCKS
 1. To reduce or control fullness.
2. To provide extra width.
3. To decorate a garment as a style feature.
4. They can be used to hide a join in the fabric
GATHERS
Gathers are small, soft folds made in garment
commonly used in children’s clothes and lightweight
skirts. Gathers can be made either with hand or
machine.