Adverse drug reaction to pyrazinamide status post desensitization to pyrazinamide.

Adverse drug reaction

1. An adverse drug reaction (abbreviated ADR) is an expression that describes harm associated with the use of given medications at a normal dosage. ADRs may occur following a single dose or prolonged administration of a drug or result from the combination of two or more drugs. The meaning of this expression differs from the meaning of "side effect", as this last expression might also imply that the effects can be beneficial. The study of ADRs is the concern of the field known as pharmacovigilance. (Tabers Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary, FA Davis Company. Philadelphia)

2. An appreciably harmful or unpleasant reaction, resulting from an intervention related to the use of a medicinal product, which predicts hazard from future administration and warrants prevention or specific treatment, or alteration of the dosage regimen, or withdrawal of the product (Mosbys Dictionary of Medicine, Nursing, and Health Professions. Mosby Inc.)

3. Any unintended effect on the body as a result of the use of therapeutic drugs, drugs of abuse, or the interaction of two or more pharmacologically active agents (http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/)

Desensitization

1. Desensitization is a method to reduce or eliminate an organism's negative reaction to a substance or stimulus.

For example, if a person with diabetes mellitus has a bad allergic reaction to taking a full dose of beef insulin, the doctor gives the person a very small amount of the insulin at first. Over a period of time, larger doses are given until the person is taking the full dose. This is one way to help the body get used to the full dose and to avoid having the allergic reaction to beef-origin insulin. At the cellular level, administration of small doses of toxin produces an IgG response which eventually overrides the hypersensitive IgE response. A different mechanism is responsible for desensitization to antibiotics, which is performed over a shorter time course than desensitization to other allergies. In this form of desensitization, the patient is slowly exposed to a level of antibiotic that produces low-grade anaphylaxis. At the end of the procedure, the patient's mast cells have depleted their granular contents, and the patient cannot undergo any allergic response until these cells restore these contents. In pharmacology, desensitization is the loss of responsiveness to the continuing or increasing dose of a drug. Also termed tachyphylaxis, downregulation, fade or drug tolerance. This may be an important area to consider for the future design of safer drugs. (Tabers Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary, FA Davis Company. Philadelphia)

2. The prevention or reduction of immediate hypersensitivity reactions by administration of graded doses of allergen. (Mosbys Dictionary of Medicine, Nursing, and Health Professions. Mosby Inc.)

3. The reduction or abolition of allergic sensitivity or reactions to a specific allergen. Also called antianaphylaxis. (http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/)

Status Post

1. Medtalk Clinical shorthand referring to a state that follows an interventioneg, S/P CABG, S/P cholecystectomy S/P mastectomy, S/P orchiectomy, or conditioneg, S/P acute MI (http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/)