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Assignment 5

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25 views

Assignment 5

Uploaded by

Nathi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Addis Ababa University

Addis Ababa Institute of Technology


School of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering
Worksheet Five
Instructions: Attempt all questions.
1. What are the practical limitations of the Carnot cycle in vapor power cycles?
2. What is the significance of the Carnot cycle in thermodynamics?
3. What is the difference between the Carnot and the Rankine cycle?
4. How can we improve the performance of the Rankine cycle?
5. A steady-flow Carnot cycle uses water as the working fluid. Water changes from saturated
liquid to saturated vapor as heat is transferred to it from a source at 250°C. Heat rejection
takes place at a pressure of 20 kPa. Show the cycle on a T-s diagram relative to the
saturation lines, and determine
a. the thermal efficiency,
b. the amount of heat rejected, and
c. the net-work output.
6. Consider a 210-MW steam power plant that operates on a simple ideal Rankine cycle.
Steam enters the turbine at 10 MPa and 500°C and is cooled in the condenser at a
pressure of 10 kPa. Show the cycle on a T-s diagram with respect to saturation lines, and
determine
a. the quality of the steam at the turbine exit,
b. the thermal efficiency of the cycle, and
c. the mass flow rate of the steam.
7. A simple Rankine cycle uses water as the working fluid. The boiler operates at 6000 kPa
and the condenser at 50 kPa. At the entrance to the turbine, the temperature is 450°C.
The isentropic efficiency of the turbine is 94 percent, pressure and pump losses are
negligible, and the water leaving the condenser is subcooled by 6.3°C. The boiler is sized
for a mass flow rate of 20 kg/s. Determine the rate at which heat is added in the boiler,
the power required to operate the pumps, the net power produced by the cycle, and the
thermal efficiency.
8. An ideal reheat Rankine cycle with water as the working fluid operates the boiler at 15,000
kPa, the reheater at 2000 kPa, and the condenser at 100 kPa. The temperature is 450°C
at the entrance of the high-pressure and low-pressure turbines. The mass flow rate
through the cycle is 1.74 kg/s. Determine the power used by pumps, the power produced
by the cycle, the rate of heat transfer in the reheater, and the thermal efficiency of this
system.
9. Consider a steam power plant that operates on the ideal regenerative Rankine cycle with
a closed feedwater heater as shown in the figure. The plant maintains the turbine inlet at
3000 kPa and 350°C and operates the condenser at 20 kPa. Steam is extracted at 1000
kPa to serve the closed feedwater heater, which discharges into the condenser after being
throttled to condenser pressure. Calculate the work produced by the turbine, the work
consumed by the pump, and the heat supply in the boiler for this cycle per unit of boiler
flow rate.

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