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C++ Lec7-Strings

cpp3

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13 views

C++ Lec7-Strings

cpp3

Uploaded by

itzzmehama
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1

C++ Strings

Strings are used for storing text.

A string variable contains a collection of characters surrounded by double quotes:

Example

Create a variable of type string and assign it a value:

string greeting = "Hello";

To use strings, you must include an additional header file in the source code, the <string> library:

Example

#include <iostream>

#include <string>

using namespace std;

int main() {

string greeting = "Hello";

cout << greeting;

return 0;

Programming C++ Samir Bilal Practical & Theoretical


2

String Concatenation

The + operator can be used between strings to add them together to make a new string. This is
called concatenation:

Example

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
int main () {
string firstName = "John";
string lastName = "Doe";
string fullName = firstName + lastName;
cout << fullName;
return 0;
}

In the example above, we added a space after firstName to create a space between John and
Doe on output.

However, you could also add a space with quotes (" " or ' '):

Example

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
int main () {
string firstName = "John";
string lastName = "Doe";
string fullName = firstName + " " + lastName;
cout << fullName;
return 0;}

Programming C++ Samir Bilal Practical & Theoretical


3

C++ Numbers and Strings

Adding Numbers and Strings

WARNING! C++ uses the + operator for both addition and concatenation. Numbers are added.
Strings are concatenated.

If you add two numbers, the result will be a number:

Example

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main () {
int x = 10;
int y = 20;
int z = x + y; // z will be 30 (an integer)
cout << z;
return 0;
}

If you add two strings, the result will be a string concatenation:

Example

#include <iostream>
#include <string> If you try to add a number to a string, an
error occurs:
using namespace std;
int main () { Example
string x = "10"; string x = "10";
string y = "20"; int y = 20;
string z = x + y; // z will be 1020 (a string) string z = x + y;
cout << z;
return 0;
}
Programming C++ Samir Bilal Practical & Theoretical
4

String Length

To get the length of a string, use the length() function:

Example

#include <iostream>

#include <string>

using namespace std;

int main() {

string txt = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ";

cout << "The length of the txt string is: " << txt.length();

return 0;

Tip: You might see some C++ programs that use the size() function to get the length of a string.
This is just an alias of length(). It is completely up to you if you want to use length() or size():

Example

#include <iostream>

#include <string>

using namespace std;

int main() {

string txt = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ";

cout << "The length of the txt string is: " << txt.size(); return 0;}

Programming C++ Samir Bilal Practical & Theoretical


5

Access Strings

You can access the characters in a string by referring to its index number inside square brackets
[].

This example prints the first character in myString:

Example

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
int main() {
string myString = "Hello";
cout << myString[0]; // Outputs H
return 0;
}

Note: String indexes start with 0: [0] is the first character. [1] is the second character, etc.

This example prints the second character in myString:

Example

#include <iostream>

#include <string>

using namespace std;

int main() {

string myString = "Hello";

cout << myString[1]; // Outputs e

return 0;}

Programming C++ Samir Bilal Practical & Theoretical


6

Change String Characters

To change the value of a specific character in a string, refer to the index number, and use single
quotes:

Example

#include <iostream>

#include <string>

using namespace std;

int main() {

string myString = "Hello";

myString[0] = 'F';

cout << myString; // Outputs Fello instead of Hello

return 0;

Some Exercises:

1: Write a C++ program to output (print) the word (Erbil) then change the first
index of Erbil to (A) to print (Arbil) after that print just r and b letters from the
same word.

2: Write a C++ program to print the (Bismillahirrahmanirrahim) then find & print
the length (size) of its letters.

Programming C++ Samir Bilal Practical & Theoretical

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