GSEM 530-132

Doctrine of the Sanctuary

February 6–9, 2023
Richard M. Davidson, PhD

SYNOPSIS OF THE COURSE

CLASS & CONTACT INFORMATION

Class location: North American Division Headquarters, Columbia, Maryland.

Credits offered: 3

Class meeting times: February 6–9, 2023

Monday – Thursday
8:30 a.m. – 12:30 p.m. and 1:30 p.m. – 5 p.m.

Course Website: learninghub.andrews.edu

Instructor Telephone: Home – 269-461-6890

Instructor Email: [email protected]

Office location: Old Testament Studies, SEM N116

Office hours: By Appointment (on Zoom)

ZOOM LINK: https://andrews.zoom.us/j/97510250682

BULLETIN DESCRIPTION OF COURSE

A study of the earthly and heavenly sanctuaries with special emphasis on the books of Leviticus, Daniel,
Hebrews, and Revelation.

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PROGRAM & COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES

Your degree program seeks to help you achieve the Program Learning Outcomes basic to your chosen
profession. Your Program Learning Outcomes primarily addressed in this course are:

MA in Pastoral Ministry (MAPM) English & Spanish Program Outcomes (Updated)

1. Delivers effective biblically based sermons.
2. Demonstrates proper biblical interpretation skills.
3. Understands the historical–theological development of the Adventist Church.

(The full set of program learning outcomes for your degree program is listed in Appendix 3)

The following Course Learning Outcomes contribute to the overall Program Learning Outcomes by
identifying the key learnings to be achieved by diligent work in this course:

1. Value, understand and trace the pervasive treatment of the sanctuary throughout Scripture.

2. Set forth the basic Seventh-day Adventist understanding of the Sanctuary from Scripture,
including its pre-Fall function in heaven and in Eden, its Gospel-centered focus after the Fall, and
the return to its original function in the New Earth.

3. Present a biblically-based, well-organized, Christ (gospel)-centered response to those who have

challenged the sanctuary doctrine.

4. Demonstrate that the sanctuary is the key to the whole system of biblical reality (truth, beauty,
and goodness) as it is centered in Jesus.

5. Integrate the study of the sanctuary with personal experience.

6. Make practical application of the sanctuary doctrine to pastoral ministry.

7. Develop the preaching values of the sanctuary doctrine.

COURSE OVERVIEW

COURSE MATERIALS

Required Course Materials

Davidson, Richard M. A Song for the Sanctuary: Experiencing God’s Presence in Shadow and Reality
(Nampa, ID: Biblical Research Institute, Pacific Press, 2022). This book is published as a Kindle e-
book from Amazon.com, and is available at the following web address:
https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09RQWH65T/ref=nodl_

The book is also published in hard copy by Biblical Research Institute. For students who prefer a hard
copy, the book is available from Biblical Research Institute:
https://www.adventistbiblicalresearch.org/product/a-song-for-the-sanctuary/.

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Recommended Course Materials

See Appendix 4

PRE-INTENSIVE COURSE REQUIREMENTS

Read chapters 1-5 of A Song for the Sanctuary. (See above under “Required Course Materials.”)
A written statement that this reading has been completed is due the first morning of the
intensive, February 6, 2023. You are also able to turn in this assignment on Learning Hub before
that time.

REQUIREMENTS DURING THE INTENSIVE

1. Attend all lectures and participate in class discussions.

2. Decide what kind of creative/practical sanctuary project will be undertaken in the latter part of
the semester. Decision due by the last period of the intensive, February 9, 2023.
3. Take notes from class lectures and discussions with a view toward answering the final take-home
synthesis-reflection paper.

POST-INTENSIVE COURSE REQUIREMENTS

1. Read the remainder of the book manuscript A Song for the Sanctuary, in addition to the
chapters assigned as pre-intensive reading (except for the Afterword, which is optional
reading).

2. A cumulative reading report, declaring what percentage of the total required reading for the
course has been completed, which pages/chapters have been read, and the approximate
number of hours spent in reading. The report is due Tuesday, May 2, 2023. Submit on
Learning Hub.

3. Project: The sanctuary project may consist of one of the following: (1) a series of no less than
two Bible studies for non-SDA’s; (2) one major sermon, for SDA or non-SDA; (3) a 6–10 page
research paper or essay on a selected topic approved by the instructor, or (4) another original
sanctuary-related project (play, radio script, sanctuary model, musical composition, etc.)
approved by the instructor. Assignment (1) or (2) must be fully written out, revealing clarity of
presentation, containing solid support from Scripture (including recent research as dealt with in
class lectures or readings), and designed to enhance the appreciation of the sanctuary message.
Plan to spend about 20 hours on this project. Due May 2, 2023. Submit on Learning Hub.

4. Final take-home Synthesis/Reflection paper. The final take-home Synthesis/Reflection paper

will answer ONE of the following questions:
(a) “Is the unique SDA understanding of the Sanctuary Doctrine true (solidly based in
Scripture), in light of major objections raised to the doctrine?” (See the 10 major issues
summarized at the end of chap. 4 in Song for the Sanctuary.) OR
(b) “So What? How is the Sanctuary Doctrine as taught by SDA’s relevant to your own life and
the life of the church, and to the secular person? What difference does it make that we
believe the sanctuary doctrine?”

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 The synthesis/reflection paper may be done in outline form, and not full sentences, but the flow of
argument and main ideas, expressed in mostly in the students’ own words, should be evident to the
reader. Give exact biblical references for major points made. Also give reference to sources cited
(chapter no. and page of textbook) for further (later) development of the points you are making.
Be sure to give your own personal response to the basic question! You are encouraged to present
material in a creative way. Students should allow approximately 20 hours (and write on average
10-15 double-spaced pages) for this Synthesis/Reflection. Due May 2, 2023. Submit on Learning
Hub.

INTENSIVE CLASS SCHEDULE

Intensive Class Schedule

Schedule for class meetings: February 6 – 9, 2023
Running total
Monday 8:30-12:30 p.m. 4 hours 7.5
1:30-5:00 p.m. 3.5 hours
7.5
Tuesday 8:30-12:30 p.m. 4 hours 15
1:30-5:00 p.m. 3.5 hours
7.5
Wednesday 8:30-12:30 p.m. 4 hours 22.5
1:30-5:00 p.m. 3.5 hours
7.5
Thursday 8:30-12:30 p.m. 4 hours 30
1:30-5:00 p.m. 3.5 hours
7.5
Pre/Post-session Guest lectures to be 15 hours 45
viewed on-line

TOPICS TO BE COVERED DURING THE INTENSIVE

Day Time Lecture Topics Chapters in

Textbook

Pre- At student’s Read chapters in the Textbook, Song for the Sanctuary 1–5
Intensive discretion

Monday 8:30–10 AM Introduction to the Sanctuary Doctrine: Its Centrality and Preface, 1, 2
Significance
(SLO 1)
The Heavenly Sanctuary: The Bigger Picture

Monday 10–11 AM Historical Development of the Sanctuary Doctrine 3, 4, 5

Challengers and Defenders: Basic Issues in the Recent Debate (SLO 2, 3)

Monday 11 AM – Earth’s First Sanctuaries 6, 7

12:30 PM
Aesthetics of the Sanctuary (SLO 1, 4)

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 Monday 1:30–3 PM Sanctuary Typology: Biblical Foundations 8, 9

Typology of the Sanctuary Precincts (SLO 2, 3)

Monday 3–5 PM Typology of the Sacrifices and Priesthood 10, 11

Typology of the Special Sanctuary Services (SLO 2, 3, 5)

Tuesday 8:30–10 AM Typology of the Daily Sanctuary Services 12, 13

Typology of the Yearly Services of Yom Kippur (SLO 2, 3)

Tuesday 10 AM - Typology of the Annual Hebrew Festivals 14, 29

12:30 PM
(SLO 5, 6, 7)

Tuesday 1:30- 3 PM Sanctuary Typology in the Book of Hebrews 15

(SLO 2, 3)

Tuesday 3–5 PM Investigative Judgment: God’s Regular Procedure Throughout 16, 17

Scripture
(SLO 1, 2, 3)
Theology of Judgment in 7 Cross-Centered Phases (Moskala)

Wednesday 8:30–10 AM Basic Principles for Interpreting Apocalyptic Prophecy 18

(SLO 3, 5)

Wednesday 10 AM - The Sanctuary in Daniel 7: The Pre-Advent Investigative 19–20

12:30 PM Judgment
(SLO 2, 3)
The Sanctuary in Daniel 8: Antitypical Day of Atonement

Wednesday 1:30–5 PM The Sanctuary in Daniel 9: Christ our Sacrifice 21–22

The Sanctuary in Daniel 8 and 9: Christ, Cross, Chronology (SLO 2, 3)

Thursday 8:30–10 AM The Sanctuary in the Book of Revelation: Literary Structure 23–24

The Sanctuary in the Book of Revelation: Typology and (SLO 2, 3)

Prophecy

Thursday 10 AM– The Sanctuary as the Key to the Biblical System of Truth 25–26
12:30 PM
Jesus is Our Mediator (SLO 4)

Thursday 1:30–2:30 The Good News of Yom Kippur: Assurance in the Judgment 27
PM
(SLO 5, 6, 7)

Thursday 2:30–4 PM The “So What” of the Sanctuary Message 28, 30

Cathedral of Communion (SLO 5, 6, 7)

Thursday 4–5 PM FINAL SYNTHESIS-REFLECTION

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 Post-session At student’s View 15 hours of lectures by the course instructor or
discretion another guest lecturer on the sanctuary

See, e.g., lecture videos on Learning Hub or

https://digitalcommons.andrews.edu/sem-videos/111/

REPORT OF THE 15 HOURS DUE MAY 2, 2023

on Learning Hub

MORE ABOUT THE COURSE

TIME EXPECTATIONS FOR THE COURSE

US Credit-Hour Regulations

For every semester credit, the Andrews University credit hour definition requires that:
Courses for professional masters’ degrees (e.g. MDiv) include 15 instructor contact hours and 30
hours of independent learning activities.
The calculation of hours is based on the study skills of the average well-prepared graduate student.
Students weak in these skills:
1) may require more time and should consider taking fewer classes each semester; and
2) can find skill development assistance through the Seminary Study and Research Skills Colloquia,
the AU Writing Center, and AU Student Success office.

In order to achieve the outcomes of this course, learning time may be distributed as follows:

Professional Masters’ Programs

3 Credits
Instructor Face to Face Instructional Time 30 hrs
Contact
Hours Other Instructor-Directed Activities 15 hrs

Independent Textbook reading 50 hrs

Learning
Activities Creative Project 20 hrs

Final Synthesis-Reflection Paper 20 hrs

Total Hours: 135 hours

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Seminary Guidelines for Calculating Reading and Writing Time:

15-20 pages/hour for light reading not to be tested on

Average reading speed:
10-15 pages/hour for heavy reading for exams
or Bible Commentaries
Writing time: 2.5 – 3 hours/double spaced page, from start to finished
product

Reflective Writing Assignment: 0.5 hour per page

GUIDELINES FOR COURSE ASSIGNMENTS

Grades are based on the independent learning activities below which provide practice toward, and
assessment of, the learning outcomes of this course. The grade weighting for each assignment is
provided in the right-hand column. Specific due dates and assignment instructions are given in the
Course Overview above.

Assignment Description Weighting

1. Reading of textbook and 15 hours of other instructor-directed activities 20%
2. Final Synthesis-Reflection Paper 40%
3. Creative Project (Sermons, Bible Studies, or other as cleared by instructor) 40%

* For grading rubrics that specify grading criteria in more detail, see Appendices.

In order to make grading fair for everyone, grades will be assigned on the basis of the above
requirements alone. No individual arrangements will be made for those requesting last minute grade
adjustment or extra credit.

Assessment Submission

Electronic Copies submitted on Learning Hub.

CLASS POLICIES
Attendance
Regular attendance is required at all classes and other academic appointments. When the total number
of absences exceeds 10% of the total course appointments, the teacher may assign a failing grade.
Merely being absent from campus does not exempt the student from this policy. Absences recorded
because of late registration, suspension, and early/late vacation leaves are not excused. The class work
missed may be made up only if the teacher allows. Three tardies are equal to one absence.

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Academic Integrity

The Seminary expects its students to exhibit rigorous moral integrity appropriate to ministry leaders
representing Jesus Christ. Complete honesty in academic matters is a vital component of such integrity.
Any breach of academic integrity in this class is subject to discipline. Consequences may include receipt
of a reduced or failing grade, suspension or dismissal from the course, suspension or dismissal from the
program, expulsion from the university, or degree cancellation. Disciplinary action may be retroactive if
academic dishonesty becomes apparent after the student leaves the course, program or university. A
record of academic integrity violations is maintained by the University Student Academic Integrity Council.
Repeated and/or flagrant offenses will be referred to an Academic Integrity Panel for recommendations
on further penalties.

Academic Dishonesty includes:

• Plagiarism in which one fails to give credit every time use is made of another person’s ideas or
exact words, whether in a formal paper or in submitted notes or assignments. Credit is to be
given by use of:
o Correctly designed and inserted footnotes each time one makes use of another
individual’s research and/or ideas; and
o Quotation marks placed around any exact phrases or sentences (3 or more words) taken
from the text or speech of another individual.
• Presenting another’s work as one’s own (e.g., placement exams, homework assignments);
• Using materials during a quiz or examination other than those explicitly allowed by the teacher
or program;
• Stealing, accepting, or studying from stolen quizzes or examination materials;
• Copying from another student during a regular or take-home test or quiz;
• Assisting another in acts of academic dishonesty
• Submitting the same work or major portions thereof, without permission from the instructors,
to satisfy the requirements of more than one course.

For additional details see: https://www.andrews.edu/academics/academic_integrity.html

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ABOUT YOUR INSTRUCTOR

Richard M. Davidson is J. N. Andrews Professor of Old Testament

Interpretation at the Seventh-day Adventist Theological Seminary at
Andrews University, Berrien Springs, Michigan. He has been with the
Andrews faculty since 1979.

Born in California, Davidson attended Loma Linda University, Riverside,

California, graduating in 1968 with a Bachelor of Arts degree in theology.
Two years later he earned his Master of Divinity degree summa cum laude
from the Seventh-day Adventist Theological Seminary at Andrews
University. He also received his doctorate in Biblical Studies at Andrews in
1981. His doctoral dissertation was titled "Typological Structures in the Old
and New Testaments." It is now published under the title Typology in
Scripture.

Before coming to Andrews Davidson served as an associate pastor of a

Seventh-day Adventist church in Phoenix, Arizona, and as pastor of the Flagstaff Seventh-day Adventist
Church for more than five years. He was ordained as a minister in Prescott, Arizona, in 1974.

Davidson is a member of the Society of Biblical Literature, the Evangelical Theological Society, and the
Adventist Theological Society. He has presented over seventy scholarly papers at professional meetings
of these societies and other venues.

Davidson has written numerous articles for refereed journals and Adventist denominational papers, as
well as various chapters in scholarly books. These may be viewed at and/or downloaded from his
website: www.andrews.academia.edu/RichardDavidson. Additional publications include the following
books: A Love Song for the Sabbath (Review and Herald, 1988), In the Footsteps of Joshua (Review and
Herald, 1995), Biblical Hermeneutics (in Romanian; CARD, 2003), Flame of Yahweh: Sexuality in the
Old Testament (Hendrickson Publishers, 2007), (co-authored with Leonard Brand) Choose You This Day:
Why It Matters What You Believe about Creation (Pacific Press, 2013); (co-authored with Ekkehardt
Mueller) Cómo interpreter la Biblia en 10 pasos (How to Interpret the Scriptures in 10 Steps, GEMA,
2017); A Song for the Sanctuary: Experiencing God’s Presence in Shadow and Reality (Biblical Research
Institute, 2022; and The Song of Songs, in Psalms, Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, and Song of Songs, Seventh-
day Adventist International Bible Commentary (Pacific Press, 2022).

He is married to Jo Ann Mazat Davidson who also teaches at the Theological Seminary. They have a
daughter, Rahel, and a son, Jonathan. In addition to sharing the Word and making it come alive,
Davidson enjoys outdoor activities such as backpacking, mountaineering, cross-country skiing, and
tennis.

Bibliography: Sources are listed in Appendix 4 below and throughout the required textbook, A
Song for the Sanctuary.

OTHER COURSE-RELATED POLICIES

Academic Accommodations

If you qualify for accommodation under the American Disabilities Act, please see contact Student
Success in Nethery Hall 100 ([email protected] or 269-471-6096) as soon as possible so that
accommodations can be arranged.

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Language and Grammar

There is an expectation that a student enrolled in a graduate program possesses advanced written
language skills, particularly in the language in which the degree is acquired. Thus, no special
consideration will be given to English as a second language learners or native-English speakers who have
yet to obtain mastery in written English. Such students are advised to seek the assistance of the campus
writing lab or procure the services of an editor prior to the submission of their assignments. Tips for
success include reading your assignments aloud and having someone else do likewise prior to
submission. This practice will provide you with immediate feedback on your written assignments.

Use of Electronics

No recording or streaming is permitted in seminary courses without professor’s permission.

Courtesy, respect, and professionalism dictate that laptops and cell phones are to be used only for class-
related activities during class time.

LearningHub Access

Andrews University Learning Hub hosts this course online. Your Learning Hub username and
password are the same as your Andrews username and password. Use the following contact
information if you need technical assistance at any time during the course, or to report a
problem with LearningHub.

Username and password assistance [email protected] (269) 471-6016

Technical assistance with Learning Hub [email protected] (269) 471-3960

Technical assistance with your Andrews

http://andrews.edu/hdchat/chat.php
account

Emergency Protocol
Andrews University takes the safety of its student seriously. Signs identifying emergency protocol are
posted throughout buildings. Instructors will provide guidance and direction to students in the
classroom in the event of an emergency affecting that specific location. It is important that you follow
these instructions and stay with your instructor during any evacuation or sheltering emergency.

Please Note: The instructor reserves the right to revise the syllabus, with the consensus of the class, at
any time during the semester for the benefit of the learning process. The up-to-date Course
Description for this course may be found at www.learninghub.andrews.edu .

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APPENDIX 1: ASSIGNMENT RUBRIC(S)

Rubric for Synthesis/Reflection Paper

Grading Exceptional Proficient Satisfactory Emerging Unsatisfactory Weight Score

Criteria 5 4 3 2 1

Does not meet 20%

1. Flow of Meets
minimum
argument and Outstanding basic Lacking in Lacking in standards for a
coverage of on all levels standards some areas many areas graduate paper
main issues

Does not meet 20%

Meets
minimum
2. Biblical Outstanding basic Lacking in Lacking in standards for a
evidence for on all levels standards some areas many areas graduate paper
major points
3. Sources cited
in textbook 20%
(chapter and Does not meet
Meets
page) for minimum
further study Outstanding basic Lacking in Lacking in standards for a
on all levels standards some areas many areas graduate paper

Does not meet 20%

Meets minimum
4. Personal Outstanding basic Lacking in Lacking in standards for a
response to the on all levels standards some areas many areas graduate paper
basic question

Does not meet 20%

Meets minimum
5. Writing Style, Outstanding basic Lacking in Lacking in standards for a
creativity, and on all levels standards some areas many areas graduate paper
grammar

100% Total

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APPENDIX 2: INTERPRETING LETTER GRADES

Letter Grades and Percentages

A = 95% + B = 83–86% C = 65–74%
A- = 90–94% B- = 80–82% C- = 60–64%
B+ = 87–89% C+ = 75–79% D = 50–59%

THE A GRADE

An A grade is given only when a student not only fulfills the criteria for a B grade, but in doing so
demonstrates an advanced academic aptitude for content knowledge, critique, synthesis and
independent insight, while exhibiting highly developed communication skills and professional
publication standards that would allow them to pursue a highly competitive academic career.

THE B GRADE

The B grade is a sign that you have competently fulfilled all of the requirements stipulated for an
assessment or competency evaluation. It is a very good grade and demonstrates a high level of the
knowledge, insight, critical competence and professional presentation standards essential for an
individual wishing to pursue a career as a professional leader in ministry.

THE C GRADE

The C grade differs only from a B grade in that the traits outlined in the B grade above are not
consistently applied. However, with diligence and by applying feedback from your lecturer, the
academic process can provide opportunity for a student to improve their consistency, and hence, their
grade.

THE D GRADE

The D grade points to a limited level of knowledge, insight, and critique, as well as to inadequate quality
of written work. This may be because of a lack of time management on the part of the student,
difficulty grasping the concepts being taught, use of English as a second language, or a personal issue
that is affecting one’s concentration and motivation levels. Again, with diligence, applying feedback
from your lecturer, and seeking services offered by the University like the writing lab or the counseling
center, the academic process can provide an opportunity for a student to significantly improve their
performance.

THE F GRADE

A failing grade is given when very limited or no demonstrable competency has been observed.

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APPENDIX 3: PROGRAM LEARNING OUTCOMES

MASTERS PROGRAMS

1. MA in Pastoral Ministry (MAPM)

1) Deliver effective biblically-based sermons

2) Demonstrate proper biblical interpretation skills
3) Understand the historical-theological development of the Seventh-day Adventist Church
4) Exhibit capability for training church members for evangelism
5) Demonstrate an understanding of how to empower church members for leadership
6) Exhibit capability for reaching specific social groups

2. Master of Divinity (MDiv)

1) (Character) Models spiritual humility, maturity and integrity grounded in a living experience
with God in joyful assurance of His salvation, nurtured by the sanctifying presence and power of
the Holy Spirit.
2) (Scholarship) Manifests the practices of a Biblical scholar-theologian engaging the Bible,
Christian/Adventist heritage and professional resources with theological maturity for personal
growth and for facilitating the theological competence of others.
3) (Discipleship & Evangelism) Demonstrates personal commitment, passion and essential skills for
discipleship and evangelism, while equipping members to carry out ministry within the scope of
the local and global mission of the Seventh-day Adventist church.
4) (Leadership) Exercises creative and visionary leadership as a minister and servant of Christ,
discerning the needs, spiritual gifts and potential of others, in order to equip and engage in their
God-given ministries.
5) (Worship) Facilitates enriching corporate worship that brings diverse peoples into the
transforming presence of God.
6) (Administration/Management) Engages the abilities of self and others to strategically steward
personal and corporate resources including time, health, finances, property and service in areas
of spiritual giftedness.
7) (Relationships) Models effective relationships with people of diverse cultures, backgrounds,
character, and persuasions, reflecting the wisdom, compassion, and discernment of Jesus
through the work of the Spirit.

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APPENDIX 4: BIBLIOGRAPHY OF RECOMMENDED BOOKS & RESOURCES

(items marked with an asterisk * are highly recommended)

Adams, Roy. The Sanctuary Doctrine: Understanding the Heart of Adventist Theology. Hagerstown, MD:
Review and Herald Publishing Association, 1993.

Andreasen, M. L. The Sanctuary Service. Washington, DC: Review and Herald, 1947.

Brinsmead, Robert. Judged by the Gospel. Fallbrook, CA: Verdict Publications, 1980.

Camacho, Harold. “The Altar of Incense in Hebrews 9:3–4,” Andrews University Seminary Studies 24 (1986):
5–12.

*Canale, Fernando L. “Philosophical Foundations and the Biblical Sanctuary.” Andrews University Seminary
Studies 36, no. 2 (Autumn 1998): 183–206.

*Cortez, Felix H. “‘The Anchor of the Soul that Enters within the Veil’: The Ascension of the ‘Son’ in the
Letter to the Hebrews.” PhD dissertation, Andrews University, 2008.

Davidson, Jo Ann. “Toward a Scriptural Aesthetic.” Andrews University Seminary Studies 41 (Spring 2003):
101–111.

________. Toward a Theology of Beauty: A Biblical Perspective. Lanham, MD: University Press of America,
2008.

Davidson, Richard M. “A Song for the Sanctuary: Celebrating Its Goodness, Its Truth, Its Beauty.” Adventist
Review, July 2, 1992, 8–11.

________. “Assurance in the Judgment,” Adventist Review (January 7, 1988): 18–20.

_______. “Christ’s Entry ‘Within the Veil’ in Hebrews 6:19–20: The Old Testament Background.” Andrews
University Seminary Studies 39, no. 2 (Autumn 2001):175–190.

________. “Cosmic Metanarrative for the Coming Millennium.” Journal of the Adventist Theological Society
11, no. 1–2 (2000): 102–119.

________. “The Divine Covenant Lawsuit Motif in Canonical Perspective.” Journal of the Adventist
Theological Society, 21, nos. 1–2 (2010):45–84.

________. “The Good News of Yom Kippur.” Journal of the Adventist Theological Society 2, no. 2 (1991): 4–
27.

________. “In Confirmation of the Sanctuary Message.” Journal of the Adventist Theological Society 2, no. 1
(1991): 93–114.

________. “Inauguration or Day of Atonement? A Response to Norman Young’s ‘Old Testament Background
to Hebrews 6:19–20 Revisited.” Andrews University Seminary Studies 40, no. 1 (Spring 2002): 69–88.

________. “Ponder the Passover.” Shabbat Shalom 53, no. 1 (2006): 4–9.

________. “Sanctuary Typology.” In Symposium on Revelation—Book 1, chap. 5. Edited by Frank B.

Holbrook. Daniel and Revelation Committee Series 6. Silver Spring, MD: Biblical Research Institute,
General Conference of Seventh-day Adventists, 1992.

________. “Sukkot: Festival of Joy!” Shabbat Shalom 55, no. 2 (2008): 4–10.

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 ________. Typology in Scripture: A Study of Hermeneutical Τύπος Structures. Andrews University Seventh-
day Adventist Theological Seminary Dissertation Series 2. Berrien Springs, MI: Andrews University
Press, 1981.

________, “Typology in the Book of Hebrews.” In Issues in the Book of Hebrews, 121–133, 156–169. Edited
by Frank B. Holbrook. Daniel and Revelation Committee Series. Vol. 4. Silver Spring, MD: Biblical
Research Institute, General Conference of Seventh-Day Adventists, 1989.

________. “Typology and the Levitical System—Part I.” Ministry (February 1984): 16–19, 30.

________. “Typology and the Levitical System—Part II.” Ministry (April 1984): 10–13.

________. “What the Sanctuary Means to Me: Yom Kippur Calls Us to Repentance and Joy.” Adventist
Review (February 19, 1987): 12–14.

Ford, Desmond. Daniel 8:14: The Day of Atonement, and Investigative Judgment. Escondido, CA: Operation
Glacier View, 1980.

________. Good News for Adventists. Auburn, CA: Good News Unlimited, 1985. Available in JWL: Center
for Adventist Research 001678.

Gane, Roy E. Altar Call. Berrien Springs, MI: Diadem, 1999. Available in JWL: BX 6155 42 S35 G26 1999.

________. Ritual Dynamic Structure. Piscataway, NJ: Gorgias Press, 2004.

________. Cult and Character: Purification Offerings, Day of Atonement, and Theodicy. Winona Lake, IN:
Eisenbrauns, 2005.

________. NIV Application Commentary: Leviticus, Numbers. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan Publishing
House, 2004.

________. Who’s Afraid of the Judgment? Nampa, ID: Pacific Press, 2006.

Goldstein, Clifford. 1844 Made Simple. Boise, ID: Pacific Press, 1988

________. False Balances. Boise, ID: Pacific Press Pub. Association, 1992.

________. Graffiti in the Holy of Holies: An Impassioned Response to Recent Attacks on the Sanctuary and
Ellen White. Nampa, ID: Pacific Press, 2003.

Gordon, Paul A. The Sanctuary, 1844 and the Pioneers. Silver Spring, MD: Ministerial Association, General
Conference of Seventh-day Adventists, 2000.

Gordon, Paul A., compiler. Pioneer Articles on the Sanctuary, Daniel 8:14, the Judgment, 2300 Days, Year-
Day Principle, Atonement: 1846-1905. Washington DC: Ellen G. White Estate, 1983.

Hardinge, Leslie. With Jesus in His Sanctuary: A Walk through the Tabernacle Along His Way. Harrisburg,
Pa.: American Cassette Ministries, 1991.

Haskel, Stephen Nelson. The Cross and Its Shadow. South Lancaster, Mass.: The Bible Training School, 1914.

Holbrook, Frank B. “Issues in the Book of Hebrews,” Ministry (April 1985): 12–16, 21.

________. “Light in the Shadows: An Overview of the Doctrine of the Sanctuary.” In Light in the Shadows:
An Overview of the Doctrine of the Sanctuary and Walking in the Light: An Overview of the Doctrine of
Salvation in Christ, 3–25. Silver Spring, MD: Biblical Research Institute, 1984.

________. The Atoning Priesthood of Jesus Christ. Berrien Springs, MI: Adventist Theological Society
Publications, 1996.

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 Holbrook, Frank B., ed. 70 Weeks, Leviticus, and the Nature of Prophecy. Daniel and Revelation Committee
Series 3. Washington, DC: Biblical Research Institute, General Conference of Seventh-day Adventists,
1986.

________. Symposium on Daniel: Introductory and Exegetical Studies. Daniel and Revelation Committee
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