12.

Translate the following statement into English, let,

 Fail(p) : “Printer p is out of service”
 Busy(p) : “Printer p is busy”
 Lost(j) : “Print job j is lost”

 ∃j (Queue(j) ∧ Lost(j)) → ∃p Fail(p) ∀p Busy(p) → ∃j Queue(j)

 Queue(j) is “Print job j is queued”

a) If there is a printer that is both out of service and a) If there is a printer that is both out of service
busy, then some job has been lost. and busy, then some job has been lost.
b) If every printer is busy, then there is a job in the b) If every printer is busy, then there is a job in
queue. the queue.
c) If there is a job that is both queued and lost, then c) If there is a job that is both queued and lost,
some printer is out of service. then some printer is out of service.
d) If every printer is busy and every job is queued, d) If every printer is busy and every job is
then some job is lost queued, then some job is lost.

13.Translate the following statement into English, where the domain for each

∀x∃y(x < y)
variable consists of all real numbers.


a) For every real number x there exists a real number y such that x is less than y.
b) For every real number x and a real number y, x is less than y.
c) There exists a real number y that every real number x is less than it.
d) There exists a real number x and a real number y such that x is less than y.

14.Let Q(x, y) be the statement “x has sent an e-mail message to y,” where the
domain for both x and y consists of all students in your class. Express the

∀x∃yQ(x, y) ∃x∀yQ(x, y) ∀y∃xQ(x, y)

following quantification in English.
  
a) There is some student in your a) There is some student in your a) There is some student in your
class who has sent a message class who has sent a message class who has sent a message
to every student in your class. to every student in your class. to every student in your class.
b) Every student in your class b) Every student in your class b) Every student in your class
has sent a message to at least has sent a message to at least has sent a message to at least
one student in your class. one student in your class. one student in your class.
c) There is a student in your c) There is a student in your c) There is a student in your
class who has received a class who has received a class who has received a
message by every student in message by every student in message by every student in
your class. your class. your class.
d) Every student in your class d) Every student in your class d) Every student in your class
has received a message from has received a message from has received a message from
at least one student in your at least one student in your at least one student in your
class. class. class.

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 Predicate Logic Week# 4
Student Name: Id: Group#
‫بالعربية‬
Reviewer Name: Id: Group#
‫بالعربية‬
Score /27

1. Let P(x) be the statement “the word x contains the letter a.”
 What is the truth value of P (Nisreen)  What is the truth value of P (Sami)
(a)True (a)True
(b) False (b) False

2. Let D(x) be the statement “x has visited Dammam,” where the domain consists of

∃x D(x) ∀x￢D(x)
the students in UQU. Express the following quantification in English.
 
(a)There is a student in UQU who has not (a)There is a student in UQU who has not
visited Dammam. visited Dammam.
(b) There is a student in UQU who has visited (b) There is a student in UQU who has visited
Dammam. Dammam.
(c)Every student in UQU has visited Dammam. (c)Every student in UQU has visited Dammam.
(d) Every student in UQU has not visited (d)Every student in UQU has not visited
Dammam. Dammam.

3. Translate the following statement into English, where the domain consists of all
people, and:

∀x(C(x) → F(x)) ∃x(C(x) → F(x))  ∀x(C(x) ∧ F(x))

 C(x) : “x is a comedian”, F(x) : “x is funny”
 
(a)Every comedian is funny. (a)Every comedian is funny. (a)Every comedian is funny.
(b) Every person is a funny (b) Every person is a funny (b) Every person is a funny
comedian. comedian. comedian.
(c)There exists a person such (c)There exists a person such (c)There exists a person such that
that if she or he is a that if she or he is a if she or he is a comedian,
comedian, then she or he is comedian, then she or he is then she or he is funny.
funny. funny.
(d) Some comedians are funny. (d) Some comedians are funny. (d) Some comedians are funny.

4. Express the following sentence in predicate logic, let

P(x): “x can speak Russian”, Q(x): “x knows the computer language C++.”
 No student at your school can speak  There is a student at your school who can speak

a. ∃x(P (x) ∧ Q(x)) a. ∃x(P (x) ∧ Q(x))

Russian or knows C++. Russian and who knows C++.

b. ∃x(P (x) ∧ ￢Q(x)) b. ∃x(P (x) ∧ ￢Q(x))

c. ∀x(P (x)∨Q(x)) c. ∀x(P (x)∨Q(x))
d. ∀x￢(P (x) ∨ Q(x)) d. ∀x￢(P (x) ∨ Q(x))

5. Let P(x) be the statement “x = x2.” If the domain consists of the integers, what is
the truth value of the following statement?
 P(0)  P(2)  ∃x P(x)  ∀x P(x)
(a)True (a)True (a)True (a)True
(b)False (b)False (b)False (b)False

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 6. Determine the truth value of the following statements if the domain consists of all
integers.
 ∃n(n = −n)  ∀n (n + 1 > n)
(a)True (a)True
(b) False (b) False

7. Suppose that the domain of the propositional function P(x) consists of the integers
0, 1, 2, 3, and 4. Write out each of these propositions using disjunctions,
conjunctions, and negations.
∃x￢P(x)
P (0) ∨ P (1) ∨ P (2) ∨ P (3) ∨ P (4)


P (0) ∧ P (1) ∧ P (2) ∧ P (3) ∧ P (4)

a)

￢P (0) ∨ ￢P (1) ∨ ￢P (2) ∨ ￢P (3) ∨ ￢P (4)

b)

￢P (0) ∧ ￢P (1) ∧ ￢P (2) ∧￢P (3) ∧ ￢P (4)

c)

d)

8. For the following statement choose the domain for which the statement is true.
 Everyone is older than 18 years.
a) All students at morning elementary school.
b) All judges in Saudi Arabia.
c) All students at morning secondary school.
d) All students at UQU

9. Translate the following into predicate logic, “Someone in this class can speak Hindi.”
Let, S(x): x is a student in this class, and H(x): x can speak Hindi,
You can use these symbols as appropriate: ∧ ¬ ∨ → ∃ ∀
domain be all students in this class domain be all students in UQU
∃ x H (x) ∃ x (S ( x ) ∧ H (x))

10. Translate the following into predicate logic, where the domain is all students in UQU,
“Everyone in your class has studied calculus and C++.”
Let, S(x): x is a student in this class,
M(x): x studied mathematic,
C(x): x studied C++.
You can use these symbols as appropriate: ∧ ¬ ∨ → ∃ ∀
∀ x (S ( x ) → M ( x ) ⋀ C(x ))

11. Find a counterexample, if possible, to the following statement, where the domain
for all variables consists of all integers.
 ∀x (x > 0 ∨ x < 0)
0. Since 0 is not less than or greater than 0, 0 is a counter example.

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