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Concept of Networking

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44 views5 pages

Concept of Networking

Uploaded by

keerthianair22
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CONCEPT OF NETWORKING

What is computer networking?

Computer networking refers to interconnected computing


devices that can exchange data and share resources with each
other. These networked devices use a system of rules, called
communications protocols, to transmit information over
physical or wireless technologies.

How does a computer network work?

Nodes and links are the basic building blocks in computer


networking. A network node may be data communication
equipment (DCE) such as a modem, hub or, switch, or data
terminal equipment (DTE) such as two or more computers and
printers. A link refers to the transmission media connecting two
nodes. Links may be physical, like cable wires or optical fibers,
or free space used by wireless networks.

In a working computer network, nodes follow a set of rules or


protocols that define how to send and receive electronic data via
the links. The computer network architecture defines the design
of these physical and logical components. It provides the
specifications for the network’s physical components, functional
organization, protocols, and procedures

What do computer networks do?

Computer networks were first created in the late 1950s for use
in the military and defense. They were initially used to transmit
data over telephone lines and had limited commercial and
scientific applications. With the advent of internet technologies,
a computer network has become indispensable for enterprises.

Modern computer networks can:


Operate virtually

The underlying physical network infrastructure can be logically


partitioned to create multiple "overlay" networks. In an overlay
computer network, the nodes are virtually linked, and data can
be transmitted between them through multiple physical paths.
For example, many enterprise networks are overlaid on the
internet.

Integrate on a large scale

Modern networking services connect physically distributed


computer networks. These services can optimize network
functions through automation and monitoring to create one
large-scale, high-performance network. Network services can be
scaled up or down based on demand.
Respond quickly to changing conditions
Many computer networks are software-defined. Traffic can be
routed and controlled centrally using a digital interface. These
computer networks support virtual traffic management.

Provide data security

All networking solutions come with in-built security features


like encryption and access control. Third-party solutions like
antivirus software, firewalls, and antimalware can be integrated
to make the network more secure.

How Does a Computer Network Work?


Basics building blocks of a Computer network are Nodes and
Links. A Network Node can be illustrated as Equipment for
Data Communication like a Modem, Router, etc., or Equipment
of a Data Terminal like connecting two computers or more. Link
in Computer Networks can be defined as wires or cables or free
space of wireless networks.
The working of Computer Networks can be simply defined as
rules or protocols which help in sending and receiving data via
the links which allow Computer networks to communicate. Each
device has an IP Address, that helps in identifying a device.

Basic Terminologies of Computer Networks

Network: A network is a collection of computers and devices


that are connected together to enable communication and data
exchange.

Nodes: Nodes are devices that are connected to a network.


These can include computers, Servers,
Printers, Routers, Switches, and other devices.

Protocol: A protocol is a set of rules and standards that govern


how data is transmitted over a network. Examples of protocols
include TCP/IP, HTTP, and FTP.

Topology: Network topology refers to the physical and logical


arrangement of nodes on a network. The common network
topologies include bus, star, ring, mesh, and tree.

Service Provider Networks: These types of Networks give


permission to take Network Capacity and Functionality on lease
from the Provider. Service Provider Networks include Wireless
Communications, Data Carriers, etc.

IP Address: An IP address is a unique numerical identifier that


is assigned to every device on a network. IP addresses are used
to identify devices and enable communication between them.

DNS: The Domain Name System (DNS) is a protocol that is


used to translate human-readable domain names (such as
www.google.com) into IP addresses that computers can
understand.

Firewall: A firewall is a security device that is used to monitor


and control incoming and outgoing network traffic. Firewalls
are used to protect networks from unauthorized access and other
security threats.

What are the types of computer network architecture?

Computer network design falls under two broad categories:

1. Client-server architecture

In this type of computer network, nodes may be servers or


clients. Server nodes provide resources like memory, processing
power, or data to client nodes. Server nodes may also manage
client node behavior. Clients may communicate with each other,
but they do not share resources. For example, some computer
devices in enterprise networks store data and configuration
settings. These devices are the servers in the network. Clients
may access this data by making a request to the server machine.

2. Peer-to-peer architecture

In Peer-to-Peer (P2P) architecture, connected computers have


equal powers and privileges. There is no central server for
coordination. Each device in the computer network can act as
either client or server. Each peer may share some of its
resources, like memory and processing power, with the entire
computer network. For example, some companies use P2P
architecture to host memory-consuming applications, such as 3-
D graphic rendering, across multiple digital devices.

What is network topology?

The arrangement of nodes and links is called network topology.


They can be configured in different ways to get different
outcomes. Some types of network topologies are:

Bus topology
Each node is linked to one other node only. Data transmission
over the network connections occurs in one direction.

Ring topology

Each node is linked to two other nodes, forming a ring. Data can
flow bidirectionally. However,single node failure can bring
down the entire network.

Star topology

A central server node is linked to multiple client network


devices. This topology performs better as data doesn’t have to
go through each node. It is also more reliable.

Mesh topology

Every node is connected to many other nodes. In a full mesh


topology, every node is connected to every other node in the
network.

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