Basic Electronics

Course Code GE101

Laboratory Manual

Department of Software Engineering

University of Central Punjab
 Guidelines for Laboratory Procedure

The laboratory manual is the record of all work pertaining to your experiments. A complete, neat and

organized record of the data is as important as the experiment itself. Please follow these guidelines

for efficient performance in the laboratory:

1. Handouts should be produced and signed by the instructor just after entering the lab.

2. Read the instructions and handouts before starting the experiment.

3. PCs and software should be checked before the simulation of circuit diagram.

4. Draw neat and organized circuit diagrams and properly label them.

5. Observations and calculations should be recorded in the form of table or graphs.

6. Keep the calculation as simple as possible.

7. Fill in the handouts and answer the review questions. Submit the handout to your instructor

for grading.

8. Turn off all the electrical equipment after use and place the chairs at their proper place before

leaving the laboratory.

 Safety Undertaking

I have read all of the above, and I agree to conform to its contents.

Name:

Registration No.:

Student Signature:

Date: ________________________________
 Grading Policy

Graded Lab 15%

Lab Project 10%
Mid Term 25%
Final Term 40%
Class Participation 10%

Rubrics

Lab Performance (Continuous Assessment) / Performance Test

Sr. No. Performance Exemplary (4-5) Satisfactory (2-3) Unsatisfactory (0-1)

Indicator

1 Fully understand the Has very good Has poor

software including its understanding of understanding of the
Ability to Conduct features, working and the software software including
Practical quite able to conduct the including its its features,
entire practical with features, working and unable
negligible help from lab working and able to conduct practical
instructor to conduct on his own;
practical with
some help from
lab instructor

2 Always analyzes and Analyzes and Analyzes and interprets

Data Analysis & interprets data correctly interprets data data incorrectly most of
Interpretation and always display correctly most of the time; many outputs
correct output; always the time; most of are incorrect; most of
the time never attempts
compares theory the output are
to compare theory
against practical correct; compares against practical
results and resolve theory against results.
related error. practical results
and resolve
related error most
of the time.
 Lab Reports

Sr. Performance Exemplary Satisfactory (2-3) Unsatisfactory (0-1)

Indicator (4-5)
1 All the code is very Most of the code is Some of or complete code is
Structure accurate and very accurate and inaccurate.
precise. precise. Quite logical Somewhat or no logical and
Completely and systematic systematic compilation.
logical and compilation.
systematic
compilation.
2 Efficiency The code is fairly The code is The code is huge and appears to be
efficient without brute force and patched together.
unnecessarily
sacrificing long.
readability and
understanding.

Viva Voce

Sr Performance Exemplary Satisfactory Unsatisfactory (0-1)

Indicator (4-5) (2-3)

1 Responds well, Generally Responsive Non-responsive.

Responsiveness to quick and very and accurate most of
Questions/ accurate all the the times.
time.
Accuracy

Level of Demonstration of At ease with content No grasp of information. Clearly

2 understanding of full knowledge of and able to elaborate no knowledge of subject matter.
the learned skill the subject with and explain to some No questions are answered. No
explanations and degree. interpretation made.
elaboration.
 OPEN-ENDED LABs

Lab Performance (Continuous Assessment) / Performance Test

Sr. # Performance Exemplary Satisfactory Developing Unsatisfactory (0)

Indicator (5) (4-3) (2-1)
Student shows Student shows good Student shows fair Student shows poor capability
high capability capability of capability of of analyzing the given
of analyzing the analyzing the given analyzing the given problem and unable to design
1 Methodology given problem problem and problem and the solution for it
and designing designing the designing the
the appropriate appropriate solution appropriate solution
solution for it for it for it

Task is Task is completed Task is completed Task is not completed

completed with quite less with a lot of
Implementation without any technical assistance technical assistance
2 & Completion external from instructor or from instructor or
assistance and is others in order to others in order to
working complete the given complete the given
properly task and is working task
properly

Lab Reports

Sr. Performance Unsatisfactory

# Exemplary Satisfactory Developing
Indicator (0)
(5) (4-3) (2-1)

Information is Information is Information is Sequence of information is

presented in a presented in presented in quite difficult to follow. No logical
1 Organization / logical, interesting somewhat logical less continuity and manner or continuity.
Structure way, which is manner. All sections less logical manner. Objective, results and
easy to follow. All are in a correct order Sections are not in Conclusion are not stated. or
sections are in a as directed and proper order as Unable to submit the lab report.
correct order and submitted on a time. directed unable to
submitted on a follow the
time. submission
deadline.
 Results and output are Results and output are Results and output are Results and output
2 Results, stated and reflect stated and reflect stated but reflect little are inaccurate. Output display in a
Discussion & complete knowledge of acceptable knowledge of knowledge of the very obscure manner, or Unable to
the given task. the practical. Output practical. submit the
Output Display
Output is very clearly display using Output display is not lab report.
using appropriate appropriate method. that clear.
methods. .

Sr.No. Performance Exemplary Satisfactory Unsatisfactory (0-1)

(4-5) (2-3)
Project Design
1 Implementation Project is Project is completed Project is completed but
and Completion completed without with quite less not working properly. Or
any external technical assistance Project is not completed.
assistance and is from the instructor
working properly. or others in order to
complete the
project and is
working properly.
2 Appearance and Circuit wiring and Circuit wiring and Circuit wiring and
Problem components are components are components are
Analysis perfectly organized organized and some disorganized but some
and proper prototyping is done. prototyping is done.
prototyping is done.
Lab Project
Project Report
1 Structure and Information is
Information is
Literature presented in a less
presented in a Information is not presented
Review logical way,
which is little in a logical, interesting way,
difficult to follow. which is so difficult to follow.
All sections are All sections are incorrect
in a little incorrect order or not submitted on a
order or time. Collected a poor
submitted little information--all doesn’t relate
late time. to the topic.
Collected a fine
information—all
may relate to the
topic.
 2 Result and Clearly
Generally clear
Presentation discussion of Limited discussion of results and
discusses
results and conclusions. Little or no reference
what results conclusions, but
mean and to published standards or other
may miss some reports.
what points. Some use
conclusions of references and
may be drawn published
from them. standards.
Cites
published
standards or
other related
reports.
Project Viva
Responds well, Generally Responsive Non-responsive.
Responsiveness to quick and very and accurate most of
1 accurate all the the times.
Questions/
time.
Accuracy
Demonstration of full At ease with content No grasp of
Level of knowledge of the and able to elaborate information. Clearly
2 understanding of subject with and explain to some no knowledge of
the learned skill explanations and degree. subject matter. No
elaboration. questions are
answered.
No interpretation
made.
Project Presentation
Presentation is
clear Presentation is Listener can
and logical. Listener generally clear. A few follow
1 Organization can easily follow line minor points may be presentation
of confusing with effort.
reasoning Organization
not well
thought out.
Is very confident and
explains the details
properly. Proper eye Is confident to some Has low confidence
contact is maintained extent with quite less to explain and
2 Confidence all the time with eye contact and deliver topic
proper presentational presentational properly. Less eye
gestures. gestures. contact and
presentational
gestures used.

Responsiveness to Responds well to Generally responsive to Reluctantly

Audience questions. Restates and questions. interacts with
3 summarizes audience.
when needed. Responds poorly to
questions.
 Teamwork
Relays some basic
Share Relays a great deal of Relays very
1 information--most
information--all relates to little
Information the topic. relates
information--
to the topic.
some relates
to the topic
Fulfill Team Performs all duties of Performs nearly all Performs very
2
duties assigned team role duties little duties.

Lab’s Course Learning Outcome

Course Code GE101

Course Title Basic Electronics Lab
Credit Hours 0+1
Prerequisites by N/A
Course(s) and Topics
Semester Fall 2024
Course Instructor
Course Coordinator Ahsan Azhar ([email protected])
Office Hours Will be decided
Plagiarism Policy All the Groups involved will be awarded Zero in first instance. Repeat of the
same offense will result in (F) grade. Marks will be uploaded on portal and can
be contested within a week or would be considered final.
Current Catalog In this course, students will embark on a foundational exploration of electricity
Description and electronics principles. This comprehensive journey begins with core
concepts, providing students with a solid grasp of electrical components, units.
They will delve into the fundamentals of current, voltage, resistance, energy,
and power in electric circuits, enabling them to build a strong foundational
knowledge. The course covers series and parallel resistances, elucidating the
effects of current and voltage in these configurations. Furthermore, students
will be introduced to Kirchhoff's voltage and current laws, empowering them
to analyze intricate circuits effectively. This course also delves into sinusoidal
waveforms, encompassing half-wave and full-wave rectification techniques, as
well as special-purpose diodes and their applications, both in half-wave and
full-wave rectification scenarios. Finally, students will gain insight into
Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJT) and their modes of operation, paving the
way for a comprehensive understanding of electronic devices and circuits.
'Basic Electronics' serves as a crucial foundation for further exploration in the
realms of electronics and electrical engineering, equipping students with vital
knowledge.
Textbook Principles of Electric circuits by Thomas. L. Floyd 10th edition
Reference Material Electronic devices by Thomas. L. Floyd 10th edition

Course Goals This course aims to provide students with a comprehensive understanding of
electricity and electronics, beginning with an introduction to essential concepts
such as electrical components, units of measurement, and measuring
instruments. Students will delve into the core principles of current, voltage,
resistance, energy, and power in electric circuits, equipping them with the
fundamental knowledge required for further exploration in the field. Through
detailed exploration of series and parallel resistances, students will learn to
analyze and interpret the effects of resistor configurations on current and
voltage. Kirchhoff's voltage and current laws will be thoroughly explained,
enabling students to apply these laws confidently in solving complex electrical
circuit problems, including voltage and current division. Additionally, students
will gain insight into sinusoidal waveforms, half-wave, and full-wave
rectification techniques, essential in the study of alternating current (AC)
circuits. Special purpose diodes and their practical applications will be
explored, alongside an introduction to Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJTs) and
their various modes of operation. By the end of this course, students will have
acquired a solid foundation in the fundamentals of electricity and electronics,
preparing them for further studies and practical applications in the field.
Topics Covered in the
Course, with Number of
Lectures on Each Topic Attached
(assume 15-week
instruction)
Programming
Assignments Done in the No
Course

Class Time Spent on (in Theory Problem Solution Implementation

credit hours) Analysis Design
Oral and Written 0 0.5 0.5 2.0
Communications

CLO# Course Learning Outcome (CLO) Taxonomy PLO

Apply fundamental theoretical concepts of electronics by C3 PLO 5

CLO 1 constructing and testing various application circuits using both
simulation tools and practical experiments.
 Weekly Goals
Performance CLO#
Week # Topics Covered Evaluation
Lab 01
1 Introduction to CircuitMaker.
Basic Features and Tools.
Lab 02 1
Introduction to basic electronics kit
2
Introduction to TinkerCad online simulation tool.
Usage of Bread Board, DMM and components.
Lab 03 GL 01 1
Resistors.
3 Color Coding.
Measuring with DMM.
Mounting the resistors on bread board.
Lab 04 1
Current measurement through DMM
4 Voltage measurement through DMM
Ohm’s Law verification.
Circuit building on CircuitMaker
Lab 05 GL 02 1
Mounting resistive series circuit on bread board.
Measuring Resistors in Series, Current in Series Circuit, Voltage in
5 series and, Power in Series Circuit.
Practical verification Voltage Divider rule.
Verification of Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law.
Building series resistive circuit on CircuitMaker.
Lab 06 1
Mounting resistive parallel circuit on bread board.
Measuring Resistors in parallel, Current in parallel Circuit, Voltage in
6 parallel and Power in parallel Circuit.
Practical verification Current Divider rule.
Verification of Kirchhoff’s Current Law.
Building parallel resistive circuit on CircuitMaker.
Lab 07 GL 03 1
Mounting resistive series-parallel circuit on bread board.
Measuring Resistors in series-parallel, Current in series-parallel
7 Circuit, Voltage in series-parallel and Power in series-parallel Circuit.
Building series-parallel resistive circuit on CircuitMaker.

Revision
8
9 Mid Terms
Lab 08 GL 04 1
Introduction of function generator and waves on CircuitMaker
10 and Tinkercad.
Introduction of semiconductor devices from the kit and on Tinkercad
and understanding their terminals.
Lab 09 1
Mounting Half and full wave rectifier circuits on breadboard and also
11 on Tinkercad and CircuitMaker.
Measure their properties on CircuitMaker.

Lab10 GL 05 1
Erecting CE BJT switching circuit.
12 Measurement of currents and voltages.
Construction of the CE BJT circuit on CircuitMaker.

Lab11 1
13 Erection of logical AND, NAND, OR and NOR TTL circuits with
BJT on breadboard and CircuitMaker and their verification.

Lab12 GL 06 1
Mounting and verification of voltage regulator circuits on
14 Breadboard and on CircuitMaker.

15 Project Presentations

Revision
16
 Basic Electronics Lab 01
Introduction to Circuit maker

Name: ___________________________________ Reg. No. _______________________ Section: ________

Objective:

- To familiarize students with CircuitMaker, a free PCB design tool for schematic capture and simulation.
- To understand basic navigation, component placement, wiring, and circuit simulation.

Materials Required:
- Computer with CircuitMaker software installed
- Basic understanding of electronic components (Resistor, Capacitor, Power supply, Ground, etc.)

After installation of the circuit maker, one can use following steps to design and simulate the circuit.
 You can Zoom in or Zoom out the circuit to adjust according to display resolution you need

Select the wire Tool to connect components.

Click and hold it, and then Drag it to connect two components.
Once you are done wiring the circuit, place a Ground reference point.

Place a Prob Tool to observe the voltage reading at different points in the circuit.
Running the Simulation to observe the voltage/current values
Changing resistor/ Voltage source values
Lab Procedure:
Step 1: Launching CircuitMaker
1. Open CircuitMaker software on your computer.
2. If you are a first-time user, sign up for a free CircuitMaker account.
3. Familiarize yourself with the layout:
- Toolbars: Includes options for components, wiring, simulations, etc.
- Design Area: Where the circuit is built.
- Navigation Panel: Lists components, design files, etc.

Task 1:
Navigate through the toolbar options and identify the functions of at least three tools you haven’t seen before. Write
down their purposes.

Step 2: Creating a New Project

1. Click on 'File' -> 'New Project' -> Name your project (e.g., 'Basic Electronics Circuit').
2. Save the project in your preferred location.

Task 2:
Create a new project and save it with the name 'Intro to CircuitMaker.' Verify that your project is saved in the
correct folder.

Step 3: Adding Components

1. Select the Components Library from the toolbar or navigation panel.
2. Search for basic components like resistors, capacitors, and power supplies.
3. Drag and drop the components onto the design area:
- Example: Place a resistor (R), a capacitor (C), and a power source (V).

Task 3:
Add at least 3 components to your design: a resistor, a capacitor, and a voltage source.

Step 4: Wiring the Circuit

1. Click on the Wire tool from the toolbar.
2. Connect the components by clicking on the component pins and dragging the wire to the next pin:
- Example: Connect one end of the resistor to the positive terminal of the power supply and the other end to the
capacitor.

Task 4:
Wire the components together to create a simple RC circuit.

Step 5: Setting Component Values

1. Right-click on each component to set their values:
- Example: Set the resistor to 1kΩ, capacitor to 1μF, and the voltage supply to 5V.
Task 5:
Set the values of the components as follows:
- Resistor: 1kΩ
- Capacitor: 1μF
- Voltage Source: 5V

Step 6: Adding Ground

1. Every circuit requires a ground connection. Search for Ground in the component’s library.
2. Place the ground symbol in the design area and connect it to the negative terminal of the power supply.

Task 6:
Place the ground symbol and connect it properly to your circuit.

Step 7: Simulating the Circuit

1. Click on the Simulate option from the toolbar.
2. Run a basic simulation (e.g., DC Analysis or Transient Analysis).
3. Observe the voltage across the capacitor and the current through the resistor.

Task 7:
Run the simulation and record the following:
- Voltage across the capacitor
- Current through the resistor

Step 8: Analyzing the Results

1. View the output in the simulation results window.
2. Verify if the values match the theoretical calculations.
3. Make any necessary adjustments and rerun the simulation.

Task 8:
Compare the simulated results with your theoretical expectations. Are there any differences? If so, adjust your
circuit and rerun the simulation.

Post-Lab Questions:
1. What are the key features of CircuitMaker that you explored in this lab?
2. Explain the importance of connecting ground in every circuit.
3. How does the simulation tool help in understanding theoretical concepts better?

Task 9:
Answer the post-lab questions in your lab report.

Conclusion:
In this lab, you have been introduced to CircuitMaker and its basic functionalities. You have learned how to place
components, wire them, and simulate simple circuits. This knowledge will be crucial as you proceed with more
complex circuits in future labs.
Lab Report Guidelines:
Your report should include:
- A brief introduction to CircuitMaker.
- The steps you followed in building and simulating the circuit.
- A screenshot of your final circuit design.
- Answers to the post-lab questions.
- Conclusion: Briefly discuss your experience with the tool and the insights gained.

Instructor Notes:
- Ensure all students have access to computers with CircuitMaker installed.
- Provide individual guidance during the simulation process for students unfamiliar with PCB tools.

________________________________________ THE END _____________________________________________