Chapter No 1 : Introduction to Computers

C E – 119
Computing Fundamentals (CF)

Compiled By:

Sir Syed University of Engineering & Technology

Engr.Syed Atir Iftikhar
Computer Engineering Department [email protected]
University Road, Karachi-75300, PAKISTAN 1
 CE - 119 : Computing Fundamentals ( CF )

 Course Objectives:
 This course covers the concepts and fundamentals of
computing and programming. Topics includes history,
components of computers, hardware, software, operating
systems, database, networks, number systems and
logic gates. Also it includes programming topics such as
basic building blocks, loop, decision making statements.

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CE-119: CF - Chapter No 1 : Introduction to Computers
 CE - 119 : Computing Fundamentals (CF )

 Course Learning Outcomes ( CLO )

CLO Level
Outcome Statement
No. *
Explain the fundamental knowledge and concepts about
1 computing infrastructure including hardware, software, C2
database and networks.
Applying and Implementing number systems and logic
2 C3
gates.

Applying and Implementing problem solving skills and

3 C3
solve problems incorporating the concept of programming.

*Bloom’s taxonomy level. C: Cognitive, P: Psychomotor, A: Affective

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CE-119: CF - Chapter No 1 : Introduction to Computers
 Books

 Text Books
1. Computing Essentials, Timothy O’Leary and Linda O’Leary
2. Introduction to Computers, Peter Norton, 6th Edition, McGraw-Hill
3. Introduction to Programming using Python, Daniel Liang
4. Turbo C Programming For The PC, Robert Lafore, Revised Edition

 Reference Books:
1. Discovering Computers, Misty Vermaat and Susan Sebok, Cengage Learning
2. Using Information Technology: A Practical Introduction to Computers
& Communications, Williams Sawyer, 9th Edition, McGraw-Hill
3. Introduction to Python, Paul Deitel, Harvey Deitel
4. Let Us C, Yashavant Kanetkar
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CE-119: CF - Chapter No 1 : Introduction to Computers
 Marks Distribution

 Total Marks ( Theory ) ___________ 100

 Mid Term ___________ 30
 Assignments + Quizzes + Presentation ___________ 20
 Semester Final Examination Paper ___________ 50

 Total Marks ( Laboratory ) ___________ 50

 Lab File ___________ 15
 Lab Exam/Quiz ___________ 20
 Lab Exam/Quiz ( Theory Teacher ) ___________ 15

 https://sites.google.com/view/muzammil2050
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CE-119: CF - Chapter No 1 : Introduction to Computers
 Course Instructors

 M u za mmil A h ma d K h a n [email protected]
Assistant Professor, CED
Room No: BS-04

 A t ir I f t ik har [email protected]
Lecturer, CED
Room No: BT-05

 J a h an gir A h s a n [email protected]
Assistant Professor, CED
Room No: BS-02

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CE-119: CF - Chapter No 1 : Introduction to Computers
 Chapter
CE – 119: Computing Fundamentals

Introduction to Computers

Compiled By:
Engr.Syed Atir Iftikhar [email protected]
 Learning Objectives

1. What is a Computer
2. Input – Processing – Output
3. Parts of Computer
4. Types of Computer
5. Internet
6. Communication and Networks
7. Technology Uses and Users
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CE-119: CF - Chapter No 1 : Introduction to Computers
 Today’s Technology

 Because technology changes,

you must keep up with the
changes to remain digitally
literate

 Digital literacy involves having

a current knowledge and
understanding of computers,
mobile devices, the web, and
related technologies
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CE-119: CF - Chapter No 1 : Introduction to Computers
 What is a Computer ?

 A data processing machine

operated automatically under
the control of a list of the
instructions (called a program)
stored in its main memory.
 A Computer is a smart or
intelligent machine, which can
work only on certain
instructions given by a human
being.
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CE-119: CF - Chapter No 1 : Introduction to Computers
 What is a Computer ?

 A computer is an electronic device, operating under

the control of instructions stored in its own memory

Produces
Collects data
Processing information
(input)
(output)

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CE-119: CF - Chapter No 1 : Introduction to Computers
 What is a Computer ?

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CE-119: CF - Chapter No 1 : Introduction to Computers
 Components of a Computer

Input Device • Allows you to enter data and instructions into a computer

• Hardware component that conveys information to one or more

Output Device people

• Case that contains the electronic components of the computer that

System Unit are used to process data

Storage Device • Holds data, instructions, and information for future use

Communications • Enables a computer to send and receive data, instructions, and

information to and from one or more computers or mobile
Device devices

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CE-119: CF - Chapter No 1 : Introduction to Computers
 Input - Processing - Output

 Input
What you type, read, or enter into computer
Devices
 Keyboard, Mouse, Scanner, Sensors, etc

 Processing
Changes the input data via formatting, sorting, and
calculations
Devices
 Components on the motherboard, CPU, ALU, Memory
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CE-119: CF - Chapter No 1 : Introduction to Computers
 Input - Processing - Output

 Output
Results of computer processing
Devices
 Screen, Printer, Plotter, Signals, etc.

 Storage
Save information for later processing
Devices
 Memory, Hard Disk Tape Disk, USB, etc.

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CE-119: CF - Chapter No 1 : Introduction to Computers
 Input - Processing - Output

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CE-119: CF - Chapter No 1 : Introduction to Computers
 Parts of a Computer System
 What is a Computer?
 A computer is an electronic device used to
process data.
 A computer can convert data into information that
is useful to people.
 A complete computer system includes 4 distinct
parts:
1. Hardware
2. Software
3. Data
4. Users
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CE-119: CF - Chapter No 1 : Introduction to Computers
 Parts of a Computer System

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CE-119: CF - Chapter No 1 : Introduction to Computers
 Parts of a Computer System

 Hardware
 A computer's hardware consists of electronic
devices; the parts you can see and touch.
 The term "device" refers to any piece of hardware
used by the computer, such as a keyboard, monitor,
modem, mouse, etc.

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CE-119: CF - Chapter No 1 : Introduction to Computers
 Parts of a Computer System

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CE-119: CF - Chapter No 1 : Introduction to Computers
 Parts of a Computer System

 Software
 Software – also called Programs – consists of
organized sets of instructions for controlling the
computer.
 Some programs exist for the computer's use, to
help it manage its own tasks and devices.
 Other programs exist for the user, and enable the
computer to perform tasks for you, such as
creating documents.
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CE-119: CF - Chapter No 1 : Introduction to Computers
 Parts of a Computer System

 Data
 Data consists of raw facts, which the computer can
manipulate and process into information that is
useful to people.
 Computerized data is digital, meaning that it has
been reduced to digits, or numbers. The computer
stores and reads all data as numbers.
 Although computers use data in digital form, they
convert data into forms that people can understand,
such as text, numerals, sounds, and images.

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CE-119: CF - Chapter No 1 : Introduction to Computers
 Parts of a Computer System

 People
 People are the computer's operators, or users.
 Some types of computers can operate without
much intervention from people, but personal
computers are designed specifically for use by
people.

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CE-119: CF - Chapter No 1 : Introduction to Computers
 Types of Computers

 Computers are of four types:

1. Micro Computers
2. Mini Computers
3. Main Frames
4. Super Computers

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CE-119: CF - Chapter No 1 : Introduction to Computers
 Types of Computers

1. Micro Computers
 This most widely used computer generally employs
a microprocessor, “computer on a chip” and are
desktop sized or less
 Two main types
 Desktop ( PC’s & Workstations )
 Portable ( Notebooks, Palmtops )

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CE-119: CF - Chapter No 1 : Introduction to Computers
 Types of Computers

1. Micro Computers
 Desktop
( PC’s & Workstations )
 Small enough for a
desktop, but not
easily portable
 Personal computers
(PC’s) run general
purpose software and
are employed by a
wide spectrum of
users
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CE-119: CF - Chapter No 1 : Introduction to Computers
 Types of Computers

1. Micro Computers
 Portable
(Notebooks, Palmtops)
 Easily transported from one
place to another
 Four categories
1. Laptops
2. Notebooks
3. Palmtops
4. Personal Digital Assistants
(PDA)
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CE-119: CF - Chapter No 1 : Introduction to Computers
 Types of Computers

2. Mini Computers
 Desk-sized
 More processing speed
and storage capacity
than microcomputers
 General data
processing needs at
small companies
 Larger companies use
them for specific
purposes
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CE-119: CF - Chapter No 1 : Introduction to Computers
 Types of Computers

3. Main Frames
 Larger machines with
special wiring and
environmental controls
 Faster processing and
greater storage than
minicomputers
 Typical machine in
large organizations
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CE-119: CF - Chapter No 1 : Introduction to Computers
 Types of Computers

4. Super Computers
 The most powerful of
the four categories
 Used by very large
organizations,
particularly for very
math-intensive types of
tasks

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CE-119: CF - Chapter No 1 : Introduction to Computers
 Cloud Computing

 Cloud Computing refers to an environment that

provides resources and services accessed via the
Internet.

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CE-119: CF - Chapter No 1 : Introduction to Computers
 Cloud Computing

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CE-119: CF - Chapter No 1 : Introduction to Computers
 Internet

 The Internet is a worldwide collection of computer

networks that connects millions of businesses,
government agencies, educational institutions, and
individuals.

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CE-119: CF - Chapter No 1 : Introduction to Computers
 Internet

 A browser is software that enables users with an

Internet connection to access and view webpages on a
computer or mobile device

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CE-119: CF - Chapter No 1 : Introduction to Computers
 Communications and Networks

 A communications device is hardware capable of

transferring items from computers and devices to
transmission media and vice versa

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CE-119: CF - Chapter No 1 : Introduction to Computers
 Communications and Networks

 A network is a collection of computers and devices

connected together, often wirelessly,
via communications devices and transmission media

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CE-119: CF - Chapter No 1 : Introduction to Computers
 Communications and Networks

Home Networks Business Networks

 Connect to the Internet  Facilitate communications
 Share a single high-speed  Share hardware
Internet connection  Share data, information,
 Access photos, music, and software
videos, and other content
 Share devices
 Play multiplayer games
 Connect game consoles to
the Internet
 Subscribe to and use VoIP
 Interact with other devices
in a smart home
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CE-119: CF - Chapter No 1 : Introduction to Computers
 Communications and Networks

 Almost all of us use, or use information generated by,

one or more of these communications technologies

Chat Rooms Email Fax FTP

Instant Video
GPS Internet
Messaging Conferencing

Wireless Wireless
Voice Mail VoIP Internet Access Messaging
Points Services
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CE-119: CF - Chapter No 1 : Introduction to Computers
 Technology Uses

Education Government Finance Retail

Entertainment Health Care Science Travel

Publishing Manufacturing

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CE-119: CF - Chapter No 1 : Introduction to Computers
 Technology Users

Home User Small / Home Mobile User

Office User

Power User Enterprise

User
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CE-119: CF - Chapter No 1 : Introduction to Computers