Journal of Nursing Research,Patient Safety and Practise

ISSN: 2799-1210
Vol: 01, No. 01, Aug-Sep2021
http://journal.hmjournals.com/index.php/JNRPSP
DOI: https://doi.org/10.55529/jnrpsp11.1.4

Ethical Considerations in Research

Nazmul Hasan1, Rashed Ullah Rana2, Sharmin Chowdhury3, Afrin Jahan Dola4, Moustaq
Karim Khan Rony5*
1
Faculty, Anwer Khan Modern Nursing College, Dhaka, Bangladesh,
2
Faculty, North East Nursing College, Sylhet, Bangladesh,
3
International Center for Diarrhoeal DiseaseResearch, Bangladesh,
4
Nursing Instructor, Grameen Caledonian College of Nursing, Dhaka, Bangladesh,5*Faculty,
College of Nursing, International University of Business Agriculture and Technology, Dhaka,
Bangladesh

Received: 09 May 2021 Accepted: 26 July 2021 Published: 28 August 2021

Abstract: Humans are born researchers. As a result, every human desire to arrive at the
correct conclusion through investigation. There is no way to obtain absolute truths and solve
the real problem without using ethics in research. The most significant and vital content of a
study is ethics. Every researcher must maintain ethics from the beginning to the end of a
study project. Ethics in research defines guidelines for conducting professional research. It
also teaches and regulates researchers to ensure that they follow a strict code of ethics when
conducting research. In this chapter, we will demonstrate how ethics is the most important
aspect of any research.

1. BACKGROUND

Ethics in research signals scientific ethical values. The fundamental values and beliefs of the
research community are described in the Principles of Research Ethics. Similarly, overall
morality is based on the morality of society (The Norwegian national research ethics
committees, 2019). The quality of behavior of academic researchers is governed by research
ethics. Ethical principles are essential to protect the dignity and rights of research participants.
The ethical committee should review the study of all human subjects to ensure that adequate
ethical standards are being followed. The ethical principles of beneficence, equality, and
autonomy are at the heart of ethical review (world health organization, 2016). Researchers face
ethical dilemmas at every stage of a study, from conception to conclusion. Concerns include the
authors' potential impact on respondents and vice versa, as well as confidentiality and
anonymity (Oswaldo, 2021). Other important moral and social values, such as corporate
responsibility, human dignity, animal rights, and legal compliance are promoted by many
research moral codes. Animals and humans’ subjects, learners, and the public can all be
adversely affected by ethics violations in research (Resnik, 2020). According to Willinger
(2015), Authenticity and benevolence are two aspects of truthfulness that are directly related to

Copyright The Author(s) 2021.This is an Open Access Article distributed under the CC BY license.
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) 1
Journal of Nursing Research,Patient Safety and Practise
ISSN: 2799-1210
Vol: 01, No. 01, Aug-Sep2021
http://journal.hmjournals.com/index.php/JNRPSP
DOI: https://doi.org/10.55529/jnrpsp11.1.4

ethics. For the sake of simplicity: "A trustable party will not unequally exploit vulnerabilities of
the other party."

Validity, reliability and trustworthiness

Gunawan (2015) revealed that researchers must be considered member verification,
triangulation, extensive transcription, systematic planning, and coding to ensure rigor and
reliability. Middleton (2021) revealed that in research, the phrase reliability refers to the
consistency of a research study or measuring test. The terms reliability and validity are used to
assess the quality of research. They describe the accuracy with which a method, approach, or
test measure something. Validity is concerned with a measure's precision, while reliability is
concerned with its consistency. When designing your research, arranging your techniques, and
writing up your findings, it's critical to think about dependability and validity, both in
quantitative and qualitative research.

Ethical Model

Ethics Topic
Selection Results

Methodology Discussion

submitting
Citation
to a journal

Ethics in research topic selection

The topic of a good study must be engaging, accuracy, realistic, new, inquiry or problematic,
ethical, and contemporary. The ethical implications of a research topic should be considered
first. When conducting research, we should always consider the possibility of harming others.
Think about any moral issues that may arise (McLeod et al., 2016).

Ethics in research methodology

The research method will not be completed without consideration of ethical issues.
Truthfulness, reporting data, privacy, confidentiality and results truthfully is essential to the
research method. At every stage of the research process, we must adhere to ethical standards. It
is more likely that a research's results will be accurate and fair if the research's design and
sampling techniques, data collection method, data collection tools, materials, data analysis
methods are ethically conducted (Knottnerus & Tugwell, 2018). To establish the validity of

Copyright The Author(s) 2021.This is an Open Access Article distributed under the CC BY license.
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) 2
Journal of Nursing Research,Patient Safety and Practise
ISSN: 2799-1210
Vol: 01, No. 01, Aug-Sep2021
http://journal.hmjournals.com/index.php/JNRPSP
DOI: https://doi.org/10.55529/jnrpsp11.1.4

your research, you must adhere to ethical guidelines while conducting and reporting your
research.

Ethics in research results

The results of the research should be equal to your discovery. If the results do not support the
hypothesis, and if the results are slightly altered by the authors, the study will not affect. In
addition, experts can identify unethical behavior (Sroka & Lőrinczy, 2015).

Ethics in research discussion

There must be an ethical discussion in the discussion portion. It is important that the study be
authentic when discussing its findings and criticizing other authors (Gregory, 2003). In order to
conduct quality research, it is essential to adhere to ethical guidelines when evaluating
independent and dependent variables.

Ethics in research citation

Authenticity and accuracy are required in all references to studies. Research experts can detect a
fake citation and determine whether a study is valid or invalid by examining the study's citation
history. When you cite a study that is unrelated, it is perfectly understandable (Ma, 2009). In
order to obtain information, it is vital to cite a study. In the absence of the original author, your
paper will suffer.

The Ethics of submitting to a journal

The ethical guidelines of a journal are crucial for authors. There are some rules and regulations
that authors must follow. The same paper submitted to two journals is unethical and can be
identified by the same index journal. Authors who are patient and can wait for journal opinions
after submitting the paper are considered legitimate authors (Johnson & Green, 2009).

2. CONCLUSION

Every step of the research process must be guided by ethical principles. Quality of work and
code of ethics are closely related. If researchers want their studies to be successful, they must
adhere to ethical standards. The ethical standard aids the researcher in completing his or her
work in a timely and efficient manner.

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Copyright The Author(s) 2021.This is an Open Access Article distributed under the CC BY license.
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) 3
Journal of Nursing Research,Patient Safety and Practise
ISSN: 2799-1210
Vol: 01, No. 01, Aug-Sep2021
http://journal.hmjournals.com/index.php/JNRPSP
DOI: https://doi.org/10.55529/jnrpsp11.1.4

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