Events Handling part 1

ActionEvent, AdjustmentEvent, ComponentEvent

Compiled By: Umm-e-Laila & Aneeta Siddiqui

Lecture # 13

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Course Books

◼ Text Book:
◼ Herbert Schildt, Java: The Complete Reference, McGraw-Hill
Education, Eleventh Edition
◼ Craig Larman, Applying UML & patterns, 2 edition

◼ Reference Books:
◼ Cay S. Horstmann, Big Java: Early Objects, Wiley, 7th Edition
◼ Herbert Schildt, Java: A Beginner's Guide, McGraw-Hill Education,
Eighth Edition

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Course Instructors

◼ Umm-e-Laila [email protected]
Assistant Professor, CED
Room Number: BS-04
Tel: 111-994-994, Ext. 536

◼ Aneeta Siddiqui [email protected]

Assistant Professor, CED
Room Number: BS-03
Tel: 111-994-994,

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Course Website

◼ http://sites.google.com/site/ulaila206

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Event-Driven Programming
◼ Procedural programming is executed in
procedural order.

◼ In event-driven programming, code is

executed upon activation of events.

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Events and Listeners
◼ An event can be defined as a type of
signal to the program that something has
happened.
◼ The event is generated by external user
actions such as mouse movements,
mouse button clicks, and keystrokes, or by
the operating system, such as a timer.
◼ Events are responded to by event listeners
◼ The event causes a call to a method called
an event handler
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 The Delegation Model

Event-generating Objects send Events to Listener Objects

• Each event-generating object (usually a component) maintains a set
of listeners for each event that it generates.
• To be on the list, a listener object must register itself with the event-
generating object.
• Listeners have event-handling methods that respond to the event.

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Event Classes

ActionEvent ContainerEvent

AdjustmentEvent FocusEvent MouseEvent

EventObject AWTEvent ComponentEvent InputEvent

ItemEvent PaintEvent KeyEvent

TextEvent WindowEvent

ListSelectionEvent

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Event Class Description
◼ ActionEvent Generated when a button is pressed, a list
item is double-clicked, or a menu item is selected.
◼ AdjustmentEvent Generated when a scroll bar is
manipulated.
◼ ComponentEvent Generated when a component is
hidden, moved, resized, or becomes visible.
◼ ContainerEvent Generated when a component is added
to or removed from a container.
◼ FocusEvent Generated when a component gains or
loses keyboard focus.
◼ ItemEvent Generated when a check box or list item is
clicked; also occurs when a choice selection is made or
a checkable menu item is selected or deselected.
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◼ InputEvent Abstract super class for Mouse and Key
event classes.
◼ KeyEvent Generated when input is received from the
keyboard.
◼ MouseEvent Generated when the mouse is dragged,
moved, clicked, pressed, or released; also generated
when the mouse enters or exits a component.
◼ MouseWheelEvent Generated when the mouse wheel
is moved. (Added by Java 2, version 1.4)
◼ TextEvent Generated when the value of a text area or
text field is changed.
◼ WindowEvent Generated when a window is activated,
closed, deactivated, deiconified, iconified, opened, or
quit.
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Event Representation
◼ Each event is represented by an object that
gives information about the event and
identifies the event source.
◼ In Java, every event is a subclass of
EventObject.
◼ Event sources are usually components, but
they can be other kind of objects too.
◼ An event source can have multiple event
listeners registered on it.
◼ Examples of event sources are e.g. buttons
and windows.
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Sources of Events
◼ Button Generates action events when the button is pressed.
◼ Checkbox Generates item events when the check box is selected or
deselected.
◼ ComboBox(Choice) Generates item events when the choice is
changed.
◼ List Generates action events when an item is double-clicked;
generates item events when an item is selected or deselected.
◼ Menu Item Generates action events when a menu item is selected;
generates item events when a checkable menu item is selected or
deselected.
◼ Scrollbar Generates adjustment events when the scroll bar is
manipulated.
◼ Text components Generates text events when the user enters a
character.
◼ Window Generates window events when a window is activated,
closed, deactivated, deiconified, iconified, opened, or quit.
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 Selected User Actions
Source Event Type
User Action Object Generated

Click a button JButton ActionEvent

Click a check box JCheckBox ItemEvent, ActionEvent
Click a radio button JRadioButton ItemEvent, ActionEvent
Press return on a text field JTextField ActionEvent
Select a new item JComboBox ItemEvent, ActionEvent
Select an item from a List JList ListSelectionEvent
Window opened, closed, etc. Window WindowEvent
Mouse pressed, released, etc. Any Component MouseEvent
Key released, pressed, etc. Any Component KeyEvent

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Abstract class EventObject

◼ getSource returns the

object on which the
event occured.
◼ Each subclass adds
its own specialized
methods.

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Event Listeners

◼ An event listener is an object that wants to be

notified when an event has occured on a
component.
◼ The common interface that all event listener
interfaces must extend is EventListener.

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 Event Listeners

Event Classes Listener Interfaces

ActionEvent ActionListener
MouseEvent MouseListener and MouseMotionListener
MouseWheelEvent MouseWheelListener
KeyEvent KeyListener
ItemEvent ItemListener
TextEvent TextListener
AdjustmentEvent AdjustmentListener
WindowEvent WindowListener
ComponentEvent ComponentListener
ContainerEvent ContainerListener
FocusEvent FocusListener

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Event Listeners

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How to Implement a Listener Interface

◼ Use the implements keyword in the class

declaration
◼ Register the object as a listener for a
component’s event, using the component’s
addXListener method. (where X is the type of
event). (Typically done in constructor)
◼ Declare and fully define all methods for the
interface that you are implementing
❑ Requires:
◼ Complete method signature
◼ Method body

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ActionListeners
◼ To listen for ActionEvents the class must
implement the interface ActionListener, that in
turn is an implementation of EventListener.
◼ ActionListener interface defines the
actionPerformed( ) method that is invoked when
an action event occurs. Its general form is
shown here:

◼ void actionPerformed(ActionEvent ae)

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Steps of ActionEvent handling
Approach 1:
1) import java.awt.event.*
2) Create class MyActionListner and implements
ActionListener
3) write method
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e)
in MyActionListner
4) call addActionListener(new MyActionListner())
for all Jbuttons in main Gui classs

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Add call to event handler
import javax.swing.*; import java.awt.*;
class SimpleGUI extends Jframe {
Jbutton btn_one; Jlabel lb_result;
SimpleGUI(){
setSize(400,400); //set frames size in pixels
setDefaultCloseOperation(EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
btn_one= new JButton(“Click me”);
lb_result=new JLabel(“Hello”);
setLayout(new FlowLayout();
btn_one.addActionListener(new MyActionListener());
add(lb_result); add(btn_one); setVisible(true);
}
public static void main(String[] args){
SimpleGUI gui = new SimpleGUI();
System.out.println(“main thread coninues”); }}
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Event Handler Code
class MyActionListener implements ActionListener{
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent ae){
lb_result.setText(“Hello Karachi”);
}

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Add second button/event
SimpleGUI(){
setSize(400,400); //set frames size in pixels
setDefaultCloseOperation(EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
btn_one= new JButton(“Click me”);
btn_two= new JButton(“Exit”);
lb_result=new JLabel(“Hello”);
setLayout(new FlowLayout();
btn_one.addActionListener(new MyActionListener());
add(lb_result); add(btn_one); add(btn_two);
setVisible(true);
}

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How to distinguish event
class MyActionListener implents ActionListener{
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent ae){
if (ae.getActionCommand().equals(“Exit”){
System.exit(1); }
else if (ae.getActionCommand().equals(“Click me”){
lb_result.setText(“Hello Karachi”); }}
class MyActionListener implents ActionListener{
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent ae){
if (ae.getSource() == btn_two){
System.exit(1); Better way to find
} event source
else if (ae.getSource() == btn_one){
lb_result.setText(“Hello Karachi”); }}
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Approach 2:

1) import java.awt.event.*
2) implements ActionListener
3) write method
public void
actionPerformed(ActionEvent e)
4) call addActionListener(this) for all
Jbuttons

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Add call to event handler
import javax.swing.*; import java.awt.event.*;
class SimpleGUI extends Jframe implements ActionListener {
Jbutton btn_one; Jlabel lb_result;
SimpleGUI(){
setSize(400,400); //set frames size in pixels
setDefaultCloseOperation(EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
btn_one= new JButton(“Click me”);
lb_result=new JLabel(“Hello”);
setLayout(new FlowLayout();
btn_one.addActionListener(this);
add(lb_result); add(btn_one); setVisible(true);
}
public static void main(String[] args){
SimpleGUI gui = new SimpleGUI();
System.out.println(“main thread coninues”);
}// end of main 28
Event Handler Code
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent ae){
lb_result.setText(“Hello Karachi”);
}

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Alternative Approaches to Listening
◼ Implement the listener with the main application class,
and have the one listener assigned to all components
generating the events
❑ Advantage: simplicity for beginner programmers
❑ Disadvantage: event-handler method may require if-statement or
switch with several branches when multiple components
generate the event
◼ Use inner classes to implement the listeners and create
a different instance as each component’s listener.
❑ Named inner class or anonymous inner class (This is the
approach used by netbeans self generated code)
❑ Advantage: no need to test within the listeners for determining
which component sent the event. Each component has its own
dedicated listener
❑ Disadvantage: harder to understand for novice programmers

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Example with named
inner classes, one for
listening to each
button

Inner class has

direct access to all
members (even
private) of the
outer class

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 Example with anonymous
inner classes, one for listening
to each button

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The AdjustmentListener Interface

◼ This interface defines the adjustmentValueChanged()

method that is invoked when an adjustment event occurs.
Its general form is shown here:

◼ void adjustmentValueChanged (AdjustmentEvent ae)

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Example AdjustmentEvent
import java.awt.*; import java.awt.event.*;import javax.swing.*;
class ScrollbarExample extends JFrame{
ScrollbarExample(){
super("Scrollbar Example");
final Label label = new Label();
label.setAlignment(Label.CENTER);
label.setSize(400,100);
//Constructs a new scroll bar with the specified orientation, initial value, page size, and
minimum and maximum values.
JScrollBar s=new JScrollBar(JScrollBar.HORIZONTAL, 0, 10, 0, 255);
s.setBounds(100,100, 255,10);
add(s);add(label);
this.getContentPane().setBackground(Color.yellow);
setSize(400,400);

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 setLayout(null);
this.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
setVisible(true);
s.addAdjustmentListener(new AdjustmentListener() {
public void adjustmentValueChanged(AdjustmentEvent e) {
label.setText("Vertical Scrollbar value is:"+ s.getValue());
}
});
}
public static void main(String args[]){
new ScrollbarExample();
}
}
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Component Listener
◼ This interface deals with the component events. Following are the
event handling methods available in the ComponentListener
interface:

void componentResized(ComponentEvent ce)

void componentMoved(ComponentEvent ce)

void componentShown(ComponentEvent ce)

void componentHidden(ComponentEvent ce)

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Example ComponentEvent
import java.awt.event.*; import javax.swing.*;
public class CompontlistnerCheck extends JFrame{
int i=0;
JCheckBox Chk_1;
JButton btn_1,btn_2;
CompontlistnerCheck (){
setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
btn_1=new JButton("Hide");
btn_2=new JButton("Move");
Chk_1 = new JCheckBox("Label visible", true);
Chk_1.addComponentListener(new ComponentListener() {
public void componentHidden(ComponentEvent e) {
System.out.println("componentHidden event from " + e.getComponent().getClass().getName());
}
public void componentMoved(ComponentEvent e) {
Component c = e.getComponent();
System.out.println("componentMoved event from " + c.getClass().getName()
+ "; new location: " + c.getLocation().x + ", " + c.getLocation().y);
}

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public void componentResized(ComponentEvent e) {
Component c = e.getComponent();
System.out.println("componentResized event from " + c.getClass().getName() + "; new size: "
+ c.getSize().width + ", " + c.getSize().height);
}

public void componentShown(ComponentEvent e) {

System.out.println("componentShown event from " + e.getComponent().getClass().getName());
}
});
btn_1.addActionListener(new ActionListener(){
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent ae){
if(i%2==0)
Chk_1.hide();
else
Chk_1.setVisible(true);
i++;
} });
btn_2.addActionListener(new ActionListener(){
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent ae){
Chk_1.setLocation(i+200, i+200);
} });

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 add(btn_2,"East");
add(btn_1,"South");
add(Chk_1, "North");
setSize(300, 200);
setVisible(true);

}
public static void main(String[] a) {
CompontlistnerCheck obj=new CompontlistnerCheck();
}

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Home Task

◼ Create a Login form and apply event handling

◼ Previously TicTacToe board has been
designed by JButton
❑ Make the JButton text change to X when the user
clicks on it.
❑ Make the JButton text change to X and O
alternatively as the user clicks on the buttons.

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