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CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that
RISHABH SINGH
has successfully completed his Physics
project titled
FULL WAVE RECTIFIER
under the supervision and guidance of
Mr.Zakir Ali Ansari
in the partial fulfillment of the Physics
practical
assessment conducted during the
academic year
2024-2025
EXAMINER
TEACHER
_______________ ______________
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to express my immense gratitude to my
physics teacher Mr.Zakir Ali Ansari for the help
and guidance he/she provided for completing this
project.
I also thank my parents who gave their ideas and
inputs in making this project. Most of all I thank
our school management, for providing us the
facilities and opportunity to do this project.
Lastly, I would like to thanks my classmates who
have done this project along with me. Their
support made this project fruitful.
-Rishabh Singh
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INDEX
CONTENT PAGE NO
Topic 5
AIM 6
Introduction 7
Material required 8
Circuit Diagram 9
Working 10
Graphs 11
Application 12
Merits and Demerits 13
Comparison 14
Bibliography 15
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TOPIC
Investigatory project on Full wave rectifier
AIM
“To construct a full wave rectifier and show that Alternating
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Current is rectified into a Direct Current”
INTRODUCTION
A full wave rectifier is a device which is used to rectify all the
alternating current components in an alternating supply and make it
purely a direct current. The two alternating halves of an alternation
current are rectified in a full wave rectifier which is an advantage over
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a half wave rectifier. Most electronic devices cannot withstand very
high voltage or alternating current due to its intense high power. The
use of batteries in all devices is not practical as their replacement and
durability is a huge problem as the device has to be dismantled each
time for such a replacement. So, these rectifiers are used in most of
the electronic devices like TV’s, Radios, Chargers, and Lightings etc.
MATERIAL REQUIRED
1. Connecting wires
2. A plug
3. Single lead wire - 2m
4. 3 nuts & Bolts 2 to 3cm length
5. Circuit board
6. A Transformer
7. A capacitor
8. A Resistor (1 K Ω)
9. P-N junction diodes
10. A LED
11. Insulation tape, Blades, soldering wax, soldering lead, soldering
iron &sand paper
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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
Connection details:
Connections are done as in the circuit. The A.C. supply is given to both the
input wires of the transformer and the two ends of the secondary coil
is given to the P side of the two diodes and the N side of the diodes
are twined and then connected to one end of the capacitor and the
other end to the centre tap lead and to the resistor. Further, the other
end of capacitor with the diode connect ion is connected to the other
end of the resistor. Connect 2 leads on both the ends of the resistor to
measure the output and this is connected to the +ve & -ve terminals of
the bulb.
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WORKING
1st when the A.C. is supplied to the transformer, it steps down the
230V main supply to 6 volts. It has a capability of delivering a current
of 500mA. The 6 volts A.C. appearing across the secondary is the
RMS value and the peak value is 8.4 volts. During the 1st half cycle
of the A.C. input Diode D1 is forward biased and a current ‘I’ flows in
the circuit in the direction S 1D1 ABEOS1. During this time diode D2
is reverse biased. So, it does not conduct any electric current.
During the next half cycle, the diodeD2 is forward and D1 is reversed.
Hence D2 conducts current in the direction S2D2 ABEOS2and D1
does not conduct any current. In subsequent half cycles of the A.C
current the above processes are repeated.
In both the half cycles it is clear that current flows through the resistor
in only one direction ABE. Even though the voltage across RL is
unidirectional it will still contain a few A.C components. This is
filtered and made smooth using a capacitor, which filters 99% of the
A.C current. A resistor is then used to adjust the output voltage.
Capacitor also nearly filters all A.C components from the supply and
resistance is adjusted for the required output. As this is a simple
circuit, only one capacitor and a resistance are being used. But there
will be slight factor of A.C. current still left in the output but it is
negligible. The output Direct Current and voltage light up the LED.
GRAPHS
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APPLICATION
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➢ Because of their low cost compared to centre tapped, they are
widely used in power supply circuit.
➢ This can be used to detect the amplitude of modulated radio signal.
➢ Bridge rectifiers can be used to supply polarized voltage in
welding.
➢ In daily life, rectifier find use in mobile chargers.
➢ These rectifiers are used in most of the electronic devices like
TV’s, Radios, Chargers, and Lightings etc.
MERITS AND DEMERITS
Merits:
➢ The rectification efficiency of full wave rectifier is double of that
of a half wave rectifier.
➢ The ripple voltage is low and of higher Frequency in case of a full
wave rectifier so simple filtering circuit is required.
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➢ Higher output voltage higher output power and higher TUF in case
of a full wave rectifier
➢ In a full wave rectifier, there is no problem due to DC saturation of
the core because the DC currents in the two halves of the
transformer secondary flow in opposite directions
Demerits:
➢ Full wave rectifier needs more circuit elements and is costlier.
COMPARISION BETWEEN FULL WAVE &
HALF WAVE RECTIFIER
Types of rectifier
S. No. Parameter
Half wave Full wave
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1. Number of diodes 1 2
2. !!" !#"# $!#"#
3. Peak inverse voltage
!# $!#
4. Ripple factor 1.12 0.48
5. Rectifier efficiency 40.6% 81.2%
Transformer
6. utilisation factor 0.287 0.693
7. Form factor 1.57 1.11
BIBLIOGRAPHY
▪ Wikipedia.com
▪ Google search engine
▪ WWW.YOUTUBE.COM
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▪ Physics NCERT book for class XII
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