Statistics and SENIOR

HIGH
Probability SCHOOL

Module
Bivariate Data & Scatter Plot
12
Quarter 2
Statistics and Probability
Quarter 2 – Module 12: Bivariate Data & Scatter Plot
First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of
the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office
wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such
agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders.
Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their
respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership
over them.

Published by the Department of Education Division of Pasig City

Development Team of the Module

Writers: Christopher J. Cruz and Rommel John L. Aballe
Editor: Nenet Peñaranda
Reviewers: Louela A. Dolotina and Ma. Lourdes Espino
Layout Artist: Clifchard D. Valente

Management Team: Ma. Evalou Concepcion A. Agustin

OIC-Schools Division Superintendent
Aurelio G. Alfonso, Ed. D.
OIC-Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
Victor M. Javeña, Ed. D.
Chief - School Governance and Operations Division
OIC – Chief Curriculum Implementation Division
Education Program Supervisors
Librada L. Agon, Ed. D., EPP/TLE
Liza A. Alvarez, Science
Bernard R. Balitao, Araling Panlipunan
Joselito E. Calios, English
Norlyn D. Conde, Ed. D., MAPEH
Wilma Q. Del Rosario, LRMS
Ma. Teresita E. Herrera, Ed. D., Filipino
Perlita M. Ignacio, Ph. D., ESP/SPED
Dulce O. Santos, Ed. D., Kinder/MTB
Teresita P. Tagulao, Ed. D., Mathematics

Printed in the Philippines by Department of Education – Division of Pasig City

Statistics and SENIOR
HIGH

Probability SCHOOL

Module

12
Quarter 2

Bivariate Data
& Scatter Plot
Introductory Message

For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Statistics and Probability for Senior High School Module 12 on
Bivariate Data & Scatter Plot.

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators from
Schools Division Office of Pasig City headed by its Officer-In-Charge Schools Division
Superintendent, Ma. Evalou Concepcion A. Agustin in partnership with the Local
Government of Pasig through its mayor, Honorable Victor Ma. Regis N. Sotto.
The writers utilized the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum using the Most
Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) while overcoming their personal, social,
and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning material hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Further, this also aims to help learners
acquire the needed 21st century skills especially the 5 Cs namely: Communication,
Collaboration, Creativity, Critical Thinking and Character while taking into
consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage
their own learning. Moreover, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners
as they do the tasks included in the module.
For the learner:

Welcome to the Statistics and Probability Module 12 on Bivariate Date & Scatter Plot!

The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used to
depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and
accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a learner
is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant competencies and
skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for
guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to
process the contents of the learning material while being an active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

Expectation - These are what you will be able to know after

completing the lessons in the module

Pre-test - This will measure your prior knowledge and the

concepts to be mastered throughout the lesson.

Recap - This section will measure what learnings and skills that
you understand from the previous lesson.

Lesson- This section will discuss the topic for this module.

Activities - This is a set of activities you will perform.

Wrap Up- This section summarizes the concepts and

applications of the lessons.
Valuing-this part will check the integration of values in the
learning competency.

Post-test - This will measure how much you have learned from
the entire module.
 EXPECTATIONSN
Lesson 6: Correlation and Regression Analysis
Lesson 6.1: Bivariate Data & Scatter Plot
Learning Objectives:
At the end of the learning episode, you are expected to:

1. illustrate the nature of bivariate data;

2. construct a scatter plot; and
3. describe shape (form), trend (direction), and variation (strength) based on a
scatter plot.

PRETEST
Choose the letter of your best answer.

1) It deals with two variables that are compared in order to find or establish their
relationship.
a) Bivariate data c) Scatter Plot
b) Correlation d) Univariate data

2) It shows patterns, trends, relationship and possible extraordinary value/s

between variables.
a) Bivariate data c) Scatter Plot
b) Correlation d) Univariate data

3) There is a negative relationships between the number of hours a learner plays

mobile legends (X) and his mathematics test scores (Y). Which scatter plot
illustrates this relationship?
a) c)

b) d)
 4) What kind of relationship is display in the scatter plot below?

a) Zero relationship c) Negative relationship

b) Positive relationship d) Cannot be determined

5) Which scenario below describes a negative association?

a) Size of a gas tank and the number of gallons it contains
b) Number of gallons of gas bought and the amount paid
c) Number of days gas is utilized and the amount used up
d) Amount of a gas tanker and the amount of gas utilized

RECAP

Steps and Formula in solving problems involving Testing Hypothesis in

Population Proportions
𝑆𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛−𝑁𝑢𝑙𝑙 ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑧𝑒𝑑 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
• Test statistic: 𝑧 =
𝑆𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑑 𝑑𝑒𝑣𝑖𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
𝑝̂−𝑝0
𝑧= modified into
𝜎𝑝
̂
𝑝̂ − 𝑝0
𝑧=
𝑝0 𝑞0
√
𝑛
• For a one-tailed test:
𝐻0 : 𝑝 = 𝑝0
𝐻1 : 𝑝 > 𝑝0 and the rejection region is 𝑧 > +𝑧𝑎
or (𝐻1 : 𝑝 < 𝑝0 ) and the rejection region is 𝑧 < −𝑧𝑎
• For a two-tailed test:
𝐻0 : 𝑝 = 𝑝0
𝐻1 : 𝑝 ≠ 𝑝0
The rejection region is 𝑧 < −𝑧𝑎 or 𝑧 > 𝑧𝑎 .
2 2

LESSON

This lesson introduces the concept of bivariate data, the concept of scatter plot, how
it is constructed and how it is used in describing the form, direction and strength of
relationship or association between two variables.

Some research studies involve two variables. One of these two variables is the
independent variable and the other one is the dependent variable. The independent
variable is the variable that may affect the dependent variable to change. The
dependent variable is the variable that is influenced or affected by the independent
variable. The data collection in this type of study that involves two variables are called
bivariate data.

Definition

Bivariate data deal with two variables that are compared in order to find or establish
their relationship.

Examples:

1) Number of hours spend in studying and corresponding test scores

2) Ice cream sales versus the temperature on that day
3) IQ scores and the amount of sleeping time
4) Mileage and age of the car
5) Height and weight of children below 18 yrs. Old

Scatter Plot

The relationship of variables in bivariate data can be displayed using a graph called
scatter plot. A scatter plot is the most common display of qualitative data. It shows
patterns, trends, relationship and possible extraordinary value/s between the
variable.
Association Based on Scatter Plot
Using the scatter plot, we can describe the form, direction and strength of association
between two variables.
In terms of the form or shape, we can describe if there is a linear relationship between
two variables – that is, the points closely follow a straight line or if they form a curve
while increasing or decreasing steadily. It is also possible that there is no underlying
form.

Linear association Non-linear association

We can also describe the relationship of the variables by looking at the direction of
the points on the scatter plot. The pattern has a positive direction if it runs from the
lower left to the upper right. If it runs from the upper left to the lower right, then it
has a negative direction. It tells us whether the values on the two variables go up or
down together or not.
 Positive association Negative association

The strength of the pattern can also be described in the scatter plot. It is related to
how closely clustered the points are around the form. It tells us the degree to which
values of one variable are related to the values of the second variable. We normally
used the words, weak, moderate or strong to describe the strength of associations or
relationship.

Strong positive relationship Weak or zero relationship

Steps in Constructing a Scatter Plot

1) Draw a graph and label the x- and y- axes.
2) Assign each qualitative variable to an axis.
3) Choose a range for each axis that includes the maximum and the minimum
values in the data set.
4) Plot each point on the graph.
Construct the scatter plot for the following data. Describe the relationship between
the variables in terms of form, direction and strength of associations.
Example 1. Number of Year Owned vs. Selling Price

X 1 3 5 7 9
Y 27 23 25 20 15

30

25

20

15

10

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

The scatter plot describes a negative relationship between the number of years owned
and the selling price.
Example 2. 1st Semester Grade vs. 2nd Semester Grade of Ten Grade 11 Students

X 80 84 86 87 89 90 91 93 94 96
Y 78 83 80 84 89 90 88 91 93 96

120

100

80

60

40

20

0
79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97

Thus, the scatter plot describes a positive relationship between the 1st Semester
Grade and 2nd Semester Grade of Ten Grade 11 Students.
Example 3.

Sales
Inquiries
65 77 52 43 22 50 38 52
in a
Week (X)
Actual
Sales in
87 90 67 58 34 55 74 93
a Week
(Y)

100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0 20 40 60 80 100

Hence, the scatter plot describes a moderately positive relationship between the Sales
Inquiries in a Week and Actual Sales in a Week.
 ACTIVITIES

Activity 1: PRACTICE

1) Construct a scatter plot for the data on two test scores of eight students and
interpret the result.
X 81 74 96 44 57 31 49 89
Y 55 63 46 71 67 77 74 53

Activity 2: KEEP PRACTICING

1) This table shows the number of hours students spend sleeping before their
entrance test and their scores.
Student 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
8 7 8 6 6 7 8 9 7 6
Sleeping
Hours
96 91 86 76 66 91 81 96 81 71
Test
Construct a scatter plot and describe the relationship between the variables
in terms of form, direction, and strength of association.

WRAP-UP
How do you construct scatter plot of a bivariate data?

Bivariate data deal with two variables that are compared in order to find or
establish their relationship.
A scatter plot is the most common display of qualitative data. It shows pattern,
trends, relationship and possible extraordinary value/s between the variable.
Steps in Constructing a Scatter Plot
1) Draw a graph and label the x- and y- axes.
2) Assign each qualitative variable to an axis.
3) Choose a range for each axis that includes the maximum and the minimum
values in the data set.
4) Plot each point on the graph.
 VALUING

Any relationship is described by how greatly one object or individual affects another.
Even in real life, some relationships have positive direction while some are negatively
associated. In the midst of this pandemic crisis, what are the strengths of your
family? How’s your relationship with your parents? siblings? friends? How do you
nurture your relationship with them?

POSTTEST

I. Choose the letter of your best answer.

1) A positive association on a scatter plot implies that ___________.

a) Y remains unchanged as X increases

b) Y changes randomly as X increases
c) Y decreases as X increases
d) Y increases as X increases
2) What kind of association is described by the scatter plot below?

a) low positive association c) high positive association

b) low negative association d) no association
3) It deals with two variables that are compared in order to find or establish their
relationship.
a) Bivariate data
b) Correlation
c) Scatter Plot
d) Univariate Data
4) Which bivariate data are most likely positively associated?
I. The monthly income and the floor area of the residences of a family.
II. The number of absences of a student and his academic performance

a) I only c) both
b) II only d) neither
5) It shows patterns, trends, relationship and possible extraordinary value/s between
variables
a) Bivariate data c) Scatter Plot
b) Correlation d) Univariate Data

II. Fill in the blanks to complete the statements. Choose from the terms inside the
parentheses.

1) A positive association on a scatter plot implies that Y increases as X

_____________________ (increases, decreases, remains unchanged).

2) A ____________________ (positive, negative, zero) relationship is illustrated in the

scatter plot below.

3) There is a ________________________ (positive, negative) relationship between the

number of hours a student spends playing video games and his math test scores.

4) The scatter plot below illustrates a/an _________________ (increasing linear,

decreasing linear, constant linear) relationship.
 Century Learners. St. Bernadette Publishing House Corporation
Tizon, M. B. & Mesa, Y. H. (2016). Stat Speaks Statistics and Probability for 21st
Inc.
Canlapan, Raymond B. (2016). Statistics and Probability. Diwa Learning Systems
Book Store, Inc.
Belecina, R. R, Baccay, E. S. & Mateo, E. B. (2016). Statistics and Probability. Rex
REFERENCES
Pretest Posttest
1) a I.
2) c
3) b 1) d
4) b 2) d
5) d 3) a
4) a
Activities 5) c
1)
II.
1) increases
2) positive
3) negative
4) decreasing linear
Hence, the scatter plot describes a negative relationship between the two test scores of eight students.
2)
Hence, the scatter plot describes a positive relationship between the number of hours students spend
sleeping before their entrance test and their scores.
KEY TO CORRECTION