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CONJUNCTIONS

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24 views2 pages

CONJUNCTIONS

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librairie wiam
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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FLHS MARRAKECH Pr.

DARKAOUI SOUFI EL HABIB


DEPT: ENGLISH STUDIES
SEMESTER 1 / GRAMMAR I
A.U 2024/ 2025

CONJUNCTIONS

A conjunction is a part of speech that links words, phrases, and clauses.

The Types of Conjunctions


There are four categories of conjunctions:
Coordinating conjunctions (or, and, but)
Correlative conjunctions (and/or, not only/but also)
Subordinating conjunctions (since, because, when)
Conjunctive adverbs (however, therefore)

1. Coordinating Conjunctions
Coordinating conjunctions are single words (example: and, but, or, so).
They link equivalent grammatical elements, such as nouns with nouns, and clauses with clauses. The ideas being
connected carry the same weight in a sentence.
I stayed up all night writing, so I was tired the next day
She’s editing and proofreading my essay.
When a coordinating conjunction joins two independent clauses (complete thoughts or sentences), use a comma between
the clauses.
I can’t remember the rules, so I need a refresher.
When you’re joining an independent clause and a dependent clause (incomplete thought), you don’t need a comma.
I prefer to write on my laptop but edit on paper.

2. Correlative Conjunctions
Correlative conjunctions work in pairs (example: either/or, both/and, not only/but also, as/as)
Similar to coordinating conjunctions, they link grammatical elements of similar importance.
I not only passed the exam, but also got 100%.
The box is as tall as it is wide.
Correlative conjunctions need parallel construction. Check the words after each conjunction and make sure they’re
similarly structured.
Correct: We should either book the tickets in advance or arrive an hour early. (In this example, the phrase “book the
tickets” is parallel to “arrive an hour early”)
Incorrect: We should either book the tickets in advance or be arriving an hour early. (In this example, the phrase “book
the tickets” is not parallel to “be arriving”)
3. Subordinating Conjunctions
Subordinating conjunctions are one or more words that unite ideas in a complex sentence (example: as soon as, in case,
unless, while).
They link dependent clauses (incomplete thoughts) to independent clauses (complete thoughts).
Unless we give him a ride, he won’t be able to come.
Here’s some cash in case your credit card doesn’t work.
The subordinating conjunction is placed in front of the dependent clause. Subordinating conjunctions modify the
independent clause and provide a cause, reason, result or purpose.
Use a comma if the subordinating conjunction and dependent clause are at the beginning of a sentence. Otherwise, the
comma isn’t required.
As soon as she’s finished her phone call, we’ll leave for the restaurant.
We’ll leave for the restaurant as soon as she’s finished her phone call.

4. Conjunctive Adverbs
Conjunctive adverbs are one or more words used to join two independent clauses (for example: after all, besides,
nevertheless).
These words are technically adverbs, but perform the same linking function as conjunctions.
When a conjunctive adverb unites two independent clauses in one sentence, it’s preceded by a semicolon and followed by
a comma.
The dessert is so tempting; however, I’m trying to eat less sugar.
We’re happy to pay for your expenses; after all, you’re doing us a favor.

Below are lists of common conjunctions you can use. .

Coordinating conjunctions Correlative conjunctions

for either/or
and neither/nor
nor not only/but also
but as/as
or both/and
yet whether/or
so
Subordinating conjunctions Conjunctive adverbs

After while after all


Although when besides
as soon as consequently
because before finally
unless since however
by the time nevertheless
in case then
now that therefore

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