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23 views2 pages

Ass 3

Uploaded by

Paco Tang
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2012-13 First Semester

MATH 1111 Linear Algebra

Assignment 3

Due Date: 6th November, 2012 (Tuesday), 5:00 p.m.

• Please read the remarks at the beginning of Assignments 1 and 2.

1. (Easy! ) Show that 1 − x2 , x + 2 and x2 span P3 .

2. (Easy! ) Are 1 − x2 , x + 2 and x2 linearly independent vectors of P3 ?

3. (Easy! ) Let E = [(5, 3)T , (3, 2)T ] and x = (1, 1)T , y = (1, −1)T , z = (10, 7)T . Find [x]E ,
[y]E and [z]E .

4. (Easy! ) Find the transition matrix corresponding to the change of basis from [(0, 1)T , (1, 2)T ]
to [(2, 3)T , (3, 4)T ].

5. Let u, v and w be vectors in a vector space V . Show that u, v and w are linearly independent
if and only if u + v, v + w and w + u are linearly independent.

6. Let W be the set of all 3 × 3 symmetric matrices.

(a) Show that W is a subspace of R3×3 under the usual addition and scalar multiplication
of matrices.
(b) What is the dimension of W ?

7. Extend the set {(0, 1, 2, 3)T , (1, 2, 3, 4)T } to a basis of R4 .

8. Let S = {p(x) ∈ P3 : p(0) = 0} and T = {q(x) ∈ P3 : q(1) = 0}.

(a) Show that S, T and S ∩ T are subspaces of P3 .


(b) Find a basis for each of the subspaces in (a).

9. Let V be a vector space, S, T ⊆ V and A be an m × n matrix. Determine whether each of


the following statements is true or false.

1
(a) Any 4 vectors in R3 must be linearly dependent.
(b) Any 3 vectors in R4 must be linearly independent.
(c) If S ⊆ T , then Span(S) ⊆ Span(T ).
(d) If Span(S) ⊆ Span(T ), then S ⊆ T .
(e) If the columns of A are linearly independent, then N (A) = {0}.
(f) If N (A) = {0}, then the columns of A are linearly independent.

10. (Challenging! ) Let U and W be subspaces of a vector space V , and define

U + W = {u + w : u ∈ U and w ∈ W }.

(a) Show that U + W is the smallest subspace containing U and W .


(b) Find a formula for the dimension of U + W .
(c) By definition, every vector v ∈ U + W can be decomposed into v = u + w where u ∈ U
and v ∈ V .
(i) Give an example to show that such decomposition is not unique in general.
(ii) Find a necessary and sufficient condition under which the decomposition is unique.

11. (Challenging! ) Let U and V be invertible n × n matrices, E be the set of column vectors of
U and F be the set of column vectors of V .

(a) Explain why E and F are bases of Rn .


(b) What information can we obtain from the reduced row echelon form of (V |U )?

12. (Challenging! )

(a) Let a1 , a2 , . . . , am ∈ R and f1 , f2 , . . . , fm be polynomials. Suppose fi (ai ) 6= 0 for all


1 ≤ i ≤ m and fi (aj ) = 0 for all 1 ≤ j < i ≤ m. Show that f1 , f2 , ..., fm are linearly
independent.
(b) Let S be a set of m vectors in Rn such that the distance between any two different
vectors in S is equal to either b or c, where b and c are distinct non-zero real numbers.
(Note: In Rn , the distance between (x1 , x2 , . . . , xn )T and (y1 , y2 , . . . , yn )T is defined
p
to be (x1 − y1 )2 + (x2 − y2 )2 + · · · + (xn − yn )2 , as a natural generalisation of the
notion of distance in R2 .) Show that

(n + 1)(n + 4)
m≤ .
2

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