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Energy Unit Practice

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36 views2 pages

Energy Unit Practice

Uploaded by

acumen.sarah.dunbar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Conservation of Energy – Extra Practice

Work
1. Isaac and Jackie push a large crate full of 150 W light bulbs (50 kg) across the floor at constant velocity with a
horizontal force of 200 N [right] over a distance of 8 m.
(a) Draw a force diagram and write net force equations in x and y directions.
(b) What is the force of friction?
(c) What is the work done by Isaac and Jackie? What is the work done by friction? What is the work done by the
normal force of the ground on the crate? What is the work done by gravity on the crate?
(d) What is the work done on the crate?

(Answers: (b) 200 N [left], (c) 1600 J, -1600 J, 0 J, 0 J, (d) 0 J)

Conservation of Energy

2. (Textbook p. 241 Practice #1)


A 0.20 kg ball is thrown straight up from the edge of a 30.0 m tall building at a velocity of 22.0 m/s. The ball
moves up to the maximum height then falls to the ground at the base of the building.
a) What is the maximum height of the ball? (Hint, you know its speed at the max height)
b) What is the speed of the ball when it hits the ground
c)
(Answers: a) 55m b) 33 m/s)

3. A 4.0 x 104 kg roller coaster starts from rest at point A.


Neglecting friction, calculate its speed at points B and D.

(Answer: 278 m/s, 19 m/s) (Note, I recognize that 278


m/s is an unrealistically dangerous speed for a real
rollercoaster)

4. An object is thrown upwards at an initial speed of 5.0 m/s from a cliff 80 m high.
Using conservation of energy, (a) calculate its speed at the moment of impact with the ground (ignore air
resistance), and (b) when it is 30 m above the ground. Sketch energy bar charts representing these situations.
(c) Another object of equal mass is thrown downwards at 5.0 m/s. What is its velocity when it is 30 m from the
ground? Sketch the energy bar chart representing this situation.
(d) Use kinematics principles (i.e. the BIG Five) to demonstrate that you will get exactly the same answers for
(a), (b) and (c).

(Answers: (a) 39.9 m/s, (b) 31.7 m/s, (c) 31.7 m/s)

5. A 1000 kg Smart car, initially traveling up a mountain incline at 25 m/s, rises in elevation from 230 m above sea
level to the top of the mountain, while slowing down to 10 m/s. With no air resistance or friction, the total amount
of work done on the car is 7.0 × 105 J.
(a) What is the car’s change in kinetic energy?
(b) What is the car’s change in potential energy?
(c) What is the Smart car’s final elevation above sea level?
(d) Sketch the energy bar chart representing this situation.

(Answers: (a) -2.63 × 105 J, (b) 9.6 × 105 J, (c) 328.2 m)


Conservation of Energy with Thermal Energy (friction)

6. (Textbook p. 263 #31)


A 2600 kg truck travelling at 72 km/h slams on the brakes and skids to a stop. The frictional force from the road is
8200 N. Determine the distance it takes the truck to stop. (Answer: 63 m)

7. (Textbook p. 263 #37)


A rollercoaster descents 55 m from the top of the first high point to the first low point in the track. The
rollercoaster converts gravitational energy to kinetic energy with an efficiency of 50% (in other words, 50%
becomes thermal energy). What is the velocity of the rollercoaster at the bottom of the first low point?
(Answer: 23 m/s)

8. You launch a 32 kg crate was down a ramp with an initial velocity 3.2 m/s. Its velocity when it reached the
bottom of the ramp was 7.7 m/s. The crate was 4.2 m above the ground when you released it. If it travels a total of
10 m along the ramp, determine the force of friction acting on the crate. (Answer: 53.2 N)

Power

9. A 100 W lightbulb is operated continuously for 1 week. How much energy does it consume?
(Answer: 6.05 × 10 J)7

10. (Textbook p. 254 #1)


A 54 kg person climbs a set of stairs at constant speed from the first floor to the fourth floor in 32 s. The change
in heigh from one floor to the next is 3.4 m
a) Calculate the gravitational energy at the top of the climb (if the first floor is y=0)
b) Calculate the power of the person for the climb
(Answers: a) 5400 J b) 170 W)

11. (Textbook p. 264 #44)


A baseball player puts a baseball on a batting tee. The baseball bat is able to deliver 4.0 x 10 5 W of power and is
in contact with the ball for 0.70 ms over a distance or 1.4 cm. The mass of the ball is 145 g. What is the net force
applied to the ball (Hint: use power and work)
(Answer: 2.0 x 104 N)

Thermal plus power:

12. A snow tubing lift pulls riders up a 120 m long hill at a constant speed. The hill is 45 m high and there is 145 N of
friction between the tubes and the snow. The rider is 55 kg and it takes 30.0 s to get up the hill.
(a) How much work will the lift need to do?
(b) What must be the power output of the motor in order for the rider to get up the hill in 30.0 s?
(Answers: a) 4.17x104 J b) 1.39x103 W )

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