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SQL Dbms

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suneha2003datta
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9 views3 pages

SQL Dbms

Uploaded by

suneha2003datta
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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sab small letters e likhkeo hbe

CREATE TABLE x
(
column_name TYPE(size) CONSTRAINTS, #NOT NULL/NULL/UNIQUE/AUTO_INCREMENT
---if unique it must not have mor than one nulls
PRIMARY KEY (col_name), #(columnname datatype (size) primary key,….)
FOREIGN KEY (col_name) REFERENCES tablename(col_name), #(columnname datatype
(size) references another table name);
colname TYPE(size) Check (expression),
constraint cname foreign key (col_name)
);

CREATE TABLE TABLENAME


[(columnname, columnname, .......)] # tuple of colsnames inside a list
AS SELECT columnname, columnname .... FROM tablename;

#...........chelekhela with table er column.........#


ALTER TABLE x ADD column_name TYPE();
ADD PRIMARY KEY (columnname);
ADD CONSTRAINT constraintname FOREIGN KEY(columnname) REFERENCES
tablename(col_name);
ALTER TABLE x MODIFY (column_name NEWTYPE); #ADD (column_name NEWTYPE);
ALTER TABLE x RENAME COLUMN column_name TO new_name
ALTER TABLE x DROP COLUMN col_name / DROP (many col_name separated by,);
DROP PRIMARY KEY
DROP CONSTRAINT constraintname;

# .......table nie chelekhela........#


DROP TABLE x;
TRUNCATE TABLE x ; // table thakbe but empty columns datas drop koro

# .......column er values nie chelekhela........#


INSERT INTO x(many col_name separated by,) VALUES(corresponding values);
INSERT INTO tablename
SELECT columnname, columnname……..
FROM tablename
WHERE columnname= expression;

SELECT col_names FROM x WHERE //jerm column sequence likbo orm show hbe
UPDATE x SET col_name=valuenew WHERE rowspecification
DELETE FROM x WHERE //kon row delete krvo

TYPE
_______________
NUMBER
VARCHAR
DATE - format YYYY-MM-DD
DATETIME - format: YYYY-MM-DD HH:MI:SS
TIMESTAMP - format: YYYY-MM-DD HH:MI:SS
YEAR - format YYYY or YY
• Int- An integer.
• Small integer- A small integer.
• Numeric (p, d)-A Fixed point number with user defined precision.
• Real, double precision- Floating point and double precision floating point
numbers with machine dependent precision.
• Float (n)- A floating point number, with precision of at least n digits.
WHERE
__________
id IN(1,2,3);
name='Suneha';
instead of WHERE or as extra write ORDER BY col_name ASC / DESC;
id=3 AND name='suneha';
id=3 OR name='suneha';
SELECT DISTINCT colname
id BETWEEN 12 AND 17;
name LIKE '%SU';
‘ ---- ‘ matches any string exactly three characters.
SELECT INTCAP() LTRIM() RTRIM(colname) UPPER() LOWER()
NVL(colname,value) LENGTH(colname),
SUBSTR(col,start,end:1 indexing)
COUNT() SUM() AVG() ROUND() MAX()// GROUP BY another column
//ex SELECT SUM(marks)
// SELECT SUM(marks) GROUP BY section here only to show less rows HAVING
SUM(marks) >30

JOINS
___________
SELECT col1 FROM x1
UNION INTERSECT MINUS
SELECT col2 FROM x2

SELECT cols of both tables


FROM x INNER JOIN , LEFT OUTER JOIN , RIGHT OUTER JOIN y
ON x.xid=y.id

-----difference btwn SELECT col AS and FROM col C


---- COMMIT, ROLLBACK---// TO SAVE OR UNDO CHANGE
--------last e kom row er jnno LIMIT BY

___________________________________________________________________________________
______________

SELECT col1 + col2 AS cname FROM tablename

functions
---------

ABS( col1 - col2)


ROUND(col,2)
CEIL()
FLOOR()
COMCAT(col1 , " " , col2)
SUBSTR(col,1,5)
INTCAP(col)
--at the end of query ORDER BY colname DESC LIMIT 5
--select......from ... GROUP BY colnames separated by comma as combination HAVING
SUM(COL) >50 ORDER BY ...

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------
JOINS(interpolate table --->>>)
------

select colnameasitis from table1 tt CROSS JOIN table2 bt


INNER JOIN ON tt.col = bt.col

UNIONS( interpolate table V down)


-------

in case of UNION both tables must have same columns


QUERY(view 1) UNION QUERY(view 2)

UNION ALL (with repeatation)

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------

subquery
-----------

independent
_____________

query ..where =(query) as a value


IN(query) as a list
query .. FROM (query) A as a table A

dependent
____________

---ei row ta dko ebr nebo kina depends on ---- next query

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