Unit 8

Auxiliary Views
Description:

This unit deals with the process of making views which are inclined and
oblique, particularly on surfaces which not seen in true size in any of the principal
orthographic views. The reason is that these types of surfaces not paralleled to
any of the principal viewing planes. In constructing an isometric drawing (block),
it is necessary to show these surfaces in true size. To do this, students will need
to build a view which is parallel to the surface in question. Furthermore, in this
unit, they will learn how to construct such a view for inclined surfaces by creating
a true-size view of an oblique surface. Auxiliary views are necessary for the
students in making pattern drawings for advanced application such section of
solids, developments, and intersections leading to engineering drawing.

What is an Auxiliary View?

According to Sorby (1998) any view of an object which is not one of the principal
views is called auxiliary view. Thus, if you construct a new view of an object which
shows an inclined surface in true size, this will be an auxiliary view also.

An auxiliary view is an orthographic view taken in such a manner that the lines of
sight are not parallel to the principal projection planes (frontal, horizontal, or profile).
There is an infinite number of possible auxiliary views of any given object
(Homepages.cae.wisc.edu, 2017).

How to Create Auxiliary Views?

1. When creating an auxiliary view, start with the inclined surface. Usually,
this is the exciting view of the surface rather than the view of the entire
object.
2. Think about the object as if the glass cube surrounded it. Imagine that an
extra plane of glass somehow inserted in the glass box and the
orientation of this supplementary plane of glass was parallel to the
inclined surface of the object.
3. If the inclined surface projected parallel to the plane of projection, it
would appear a surface in its true size.
4. Figure 8-1 shows an object which as surrounded by a glass cube, with
only the inclined surface projected onto a parallel plane.

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 Figure 8-1

5. Unfold the planes of glass from this cube so that they all lie within one
plane, and rotate the plane until it is in the plane of the paper, you will
end up with the drawing shown in Figure 8-2. Now the auxiliary views
show the inclined surface in true size.

Figure 8-2

6. Notice that the size of the surface in this view is larger than its size in
either the side or top views. This observation is due to the prevailing

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 views of the surface. It is resulting in foreshortened surfaces and lines
mentioned in the principles of orthographic projection. Notice also that
when the glass cube infolded, the fold line for the auxiliary view is
parallel to the line view of the inclined surface. The line view of an
inclined surface sometimes referred to as the edge view.

How to construct an auxiliary view of the inclined surface on a 2-d sheet of

paper, without the benefit of glass cubes?

1. Fold the line where the glass cube was "unfolded shown in Figure 8-2.

2. Recall that the fold line for the auxiliary view is parallel to the edge of the
inclined surface as seen in the front view.

3. Recall also that when projecting from one view to another, projection rays
which are perpendicular to the fold lines used in a system of orthographic
projection. Thus, the projection rays from the front view into the auxiliary view
will be perpendicular to the fold line between the two views. These projection
rays are perpendicular to the line view of the inclined surface.

4. Figure 8-3 shows the creation of an auxiliary view of the inclined surface,
which indicates it is true size. Start first, by projecting the points which define
the surface along with rays which are perpendicular to the edge view of the
surface.

Figure 8-3

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5. To draw the surface in this auxiliary view, note that any view projected from
the front view will show the depth of the object along with the projection rays.
The side and top views also show the depth of the object because they were
constructed by projecting from the front view along with perpendicular
projection rays. Thus, you can measure the depth of the object from either the
top or the side view and transfer the depth into the auxiliary view, as shown in
Figure 8-4.

Figure 8-4
6. Auxiliary is done using projection, from the front; an auxiliary view could be
done by projecting from either the top or the side view. In projecting from the
top view, note that any view projected from the top will show the height of the
object which is visible in both the front and side views. Likewise, if projecting
from the side view, the width of the object will be shown, which is visible in
both the front and the top views.
In summary, the procedure used in creating an auxiliary view which shows an
inclined surface in true size is as follows:

1. Identify the edge or line view of the surface to be projected.

2. Project the points which define the surface along with rays which are
perpendicular to the line view of the surface.
3. Obtain the projected dimension of the surface by observing the same
dimension in an adjacent view.

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 Unit 8 Exercises

Directions: Transfer the two views shown in a sheet of plain paper. Construct an
auxiliary view of surface A, which will show the surface n true size.

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