Home-School Questions and Answers

Getting Started
1. I am thinking of home-schooling my child. Where do I start?

First, research to gain an understanding of home-schooling and what is involved. Home-schooling in Minnesota
is covered under the compulsory instruction statute, Minnesota Statutes, section 120A.22, and related statutes.
Explore the different philosophies, curricula, techniques and organizations that are resources for home-schools.
You can check the websites of local and state home-schooling organizations for available support and resources.

2. Are Minnesota students required to be in school?

Minnesota’s compulsory instruction law requires all children ages 7-17 to attend a public or nonpublic (private)
school. Home-schools are considered a type of nonpublic school under Minnesota law. Because compulsory
instruction and school attendance is mandatory, you must register the home-school. A student between ages 7-
17 must be enrolled in school and cannot miss school unless:

• a home-school is compliant with Minnesota Statutes, sections 120A.22 and 120A.24; or

• the parent has qualified for legitimate legal exemption to compulsory instruction in accordance with
Minnesota Statutes, section 120A.22, subdivision 12.

3. Are Amish communities completely exempt from the Compulsory Instruction statutes?

No, students from Amish communities are not entirely exempt from Minnesota’s compulsory instruction
requirements; however, they do have a right to discontinue education, reporting and testing following eighth
grade.

4. What is the difference between homebound and home-schooling?

Homebound instruction is for full-time public school students who have illnesses that confine them to home. If
requested by a physician and approved by the district, a tutor comes to the home on a regular basis to keep the
student caught up on regular public school coursework until the student is well enough to return to school.
Home-schooling is private school at home.

5. What is the difference between public online learning and home-schooling in Minnesota?

Online learning most often refers to a form of public education that takes place at home, usually with
parent/guardian involvement. This option provides free public school curriculum, public school mandated tests,

1
Update 9/18/2023
direct instruction and supervision by licensed Minnesota public school teachers. Completion of public online
learning programs result in public school diplomas. For more information, please visit the Minnesota
Department of Education (MDE) Online Learning Providers webpage or contact Jeff Plaman at
[email protected] or 651-582-8457.

Online learning through a state-approved online school is a public school option, not a home-school nonpublic
education option. The student or family may select a state approved online provider of their choice and enroll
directly with them. Once enrolled in the online program through either of these processes the student is
considered a public school student, not a home-school student.

Minnesota law does not allow home-school students to access supplemental online learning through the state’s
shared time law. However, home-school students may be able to access part-time online learning options by
paying tuition to state-approved online learning providers.

Private online learning programs also exist where parents pay tuition; generally, the parents are using the
program as the home-schooling curriculum. However, some private online learning options are schools that
register with the local school district and perform all of the other functions that a traditional bricks and mortar
nonpublic school does.

6. I have made the decision to home-school. Now what?

You must inform the superintendent of your local school district of your intent to home-school your student(s).
You may use the form titled Initial Registration Form for Unaccredited Nonpublic Schools including Home-
Schools developed by MDE, or you may report the same information in another manner.

After the first year of home-schooling, you must update the superintendent about the status of your home-
school through a Letter of Intent to Continue to Provide Instruction.

Compliance with Home-School Law

7. When do I register my home-school with my local district?
Parents who home-school must notify the student’s resident school district superintendent:

• By October 1 of the first year the child is home-schooled after reaching age 7;
• Within 15 days of withdrawing a child from public school to home-school or to enroll the child in any
nonpublic school that is not accredited by a state-recognized accrediting agency (List of State-
Recognized Accrediting Agencies);
• Within 15 days of moving out of a resident district; and
• By October 1, after a new resident district is established.

8. How do I register my home-school with my local district?

The Minnesota Department of Education provides a document, Initial Registration Form for Unaccredited
Nonpublic Schools including Home-Schools, which parents may use to register their home-school with their local

2
Update 9/18/2023
district. Parents may also register using an electronic or web-based format used by the district, or report the
information in another manner. Home education associations also offer forms for families to use. The
information provided to the superintendent must include:

• the child’s name, birth date, and address

• the name of each instructor and evidence that each instructor meets the requirements of Minnesota
Statutes, section 120A.22, subdivision 10
• the annual examinations the home-school intends to use, the administration and location of the
examination, if required, in accordance with Minnesota Statutes, section120A.22, subdivision 11; and
• statements as required by Minnesota Statutes, section 121A.15, subdivision 8 regarding required
childhood immunizations.

9. My student is enrolled in a full-fledged private online learning school that keeps the
transcript, grade assignments, and issues diplomas. Do I need to register as a
homeschooler?
Full-fledged private online learning schools (as opposed to private online curriculum only or State-approved
public online learning program), have the responsibility to report your student’s enrollment to the local school
superintendent by October 1 each year. Likewise, they, not you, have the requirement to come to an agreement
with the superintendent on a nationally normed achievement test each year if the school is not accredited by a
Minnesota State-recognized accrediting agency.

10. Where can I find more information about Minnesota Immunization law, including forms?

Information about immunization law, Minnesota Statutes, section 121A.15, subdivision 8, is available from the
Minnesota Department of Health. Forms are available from the Minnesota Department of Health.

11. May step-parents or grandparents home-school their family members?

A person who is providing instruction to a child must meet at least one of the following requirements per
Minnesota Statutes, section 120A.22, subdivision 10:
• The instructor holds a valid Minnesota teaching license in the field and for the grade level taught.
(Attach a copy of the license.)
• The instructor is directly supervised by a person holding a valid Minnesota license.
• The instructor has successfully completed a teacher competency examination. Please contact
Professional Educator Licensing and Standards Board (PELSB) for more information.
• The instructor holds a baccalaureate degree.
• The instructor is the parent, guardian or other person having legal custody of a child who is assessed
according to the procedures in Minnesota Statutes, section 120A.22, subdivision 11.

Generally, this means they need to hold a four-year bachelor’s degree. In situations where this is not the case,
one might consider enrollment in a State-approved online learning program. These programs are public schools
that allow the student to learn at home with instruction provided by teachers holding Minnesota licenses while
the step-parent or grandparent serves as learning coach.

3
Update 9/18/2023
12. What subjects are required to be taught in a home-school?

For students aged 7-17, instruction, textbooks and materials must be in the English language. Another language
may be used pursuant to Minnesota Statutes, sections 124D.59 to 124D.61. Instruction must be provided in at
least the following subject areas:

• basic communication skills including reading and writing, literature and fine arts;
• mathematics and science;
• social studies including history, geography, economics, government and citizenship; and
• health and physical education.

13. What do I need to know about selecting and obtaining curriculum?

MDE does not help select curriculum for nonpublic schools, including home-schools. Your student must receive
instruction in the knowledge and skill areas detailed in the compulsory instruction law.

14. What are the requirements for assessments?

A parent who does not meet the requirements of Minnesota Statutes, section 120A.22, subdivision 10, clauses
(1-3) needs to administer a standardized, norm-referenced test annually to each student between the ages of 7-
17. The tests, and the protocols for administering it, must be mutually agreed upon between you and your
school district’s superintendent. In addition, if the standardized, norm-referenced assessment does not provide
assessment in each required subject area in Minnesota Statutes, section 120A.22, subdivision 9, the parent must
assess the child’s performance in the applicable subject area.

15. Where can I find a nationally norm-referenced standardized test?

Nationally normed tests can be obtained in several ways. Examples of nationally norm-referenced standardized
tests include the Iowa Test of Basic Skills (ITBS) for grades K-8, the Iowa Tests of Educational Development (ITED)
for grades 9-12, the Stanford Achievement Tests (SAT-10) for grades K-12, the California Achievement Test
(Terra Nova) and the Peabody. Home-school parents can order tests from the University of Minnesota Statewide
Testing Program. Tests are also available through some home-school organizations locally and nationally.

16. What must I do with assessment results?

All assessment results and scores must be kept with home-school documentation.

17. My student scored very low on the annual standardized test. What do I need to do?

You must obtain additional evaluation of the child’s abilities to check for possible learning disabilities. If your
child scored at the 30th percentile or lower, or one grade level below the performance level of children the same
age, state law requires further testing under Minnesota Statutes, section 120A.22, subdivision 11(c). There are
many organizations that will complete this type of evaluation. Consider checking with your physician or with the
resident school district’s special education office to make arrangements.

4
Update 9/18/2023
18. Are there exceptions to the annual nationally norm-referenced testing requirement?

An accredited home-school is exempt from the testing requirement, per Minnesota Statutes, section 120A.22,
subdivision 11(d). In certain situations, when the person providing instruction meets certain requirements, the
testing required in Minnesota Statutes, section 120A.22, subdivision 11(b) is also waived.

19. Can my home-school be accredited?

Minnesota currently recognizes one accrediting organization for accrediting home-schools – the Minnesota
Home-Based Educators’ Accrediting Association (HBEAA). It is the only organization to have successfully met and
maintained the necessary accrediting association standards.

20. Do testing exemptions exist for students with disabilities?

No. Please work with your resident school district’s special education director to determine a meaningful
assessment for a child with disabilities, as needed.

21. What sort of documentation do I need to maintain?

The home-school must maintain documentation that all required subjects are being taught, proof that required
assessments have been administered at least annually, and the results of those assessments. Documentation
must include class schedules, copies of materials used for instruction, and descriptions of methods used to
assess student achievement, including scores on any norm-referenced tests administered under Minnesota
Statutes, section 120A.22, subdivision 11. This documentation must be provided to any public school where the
child may wish to enroll after having been enrolled in a home-school, so that the school or district can
determine where the child should be placed and what course requirements might apply to a public school
diploma. This documentation also must be available to the county attorney in cases involving enforcement of
compulsory instruction and reporting, truancy or juvenile safety and placement.

Public school districts and other organizations (colleges, military or prospective employers) may require
additional documentation to transfer credits or hire a home-school student. They might request:

• Transcripts
• A record of the student’s record of achievement
• A portfolio of work the student completed
• A list of the curriculum or textbooks
• Administration of tests and results of assessments
• An interview with the student(s)
• A conference with the home-school instructor and/or parent/guardian.

22. Can my home-school student graduate early?

Home-school students, and students at all nonpublic institutions, must meet the graduation requirements set by
the home-school or private institution. In a home-school setting, parents set the graduation requirements for
high school, and the student graduates when the requirements have been met per Minnesota Statutes, section

5
Update 9/18/2023
120B.07. Minnesota’s compulsory instruction statute, which requires students be in school until age 17, only
applies to students who have not yet graduated.

23. How are concerns about educational neglect, home-school testing violations, or other
non-compliance with compulsory instruction and reporting handled?

County human services receive and handle complaints of all forms of child neglect, including educational
neglect.

Superintendents have the legal obligation to monitor suspected violations of compulsory instruction, testing and
reporting, and seek to bring situations into compliance with state law. If they are unable to resolve the issue
directly with the family within 15 days, the superintendent must request fact-finding and mediation services
from the commissioner of education per Minnesota Statutes, section 120A.26. If the alleged violations are not
corrected through fact-finding and mediation, the superintendent must notify the county attorney of the alleged
violations. The superintendent must also notify the parents of the intent to notify the county attorney. The
county attorney may prosecute for violations, and a criminal complaint may be filed.

Questions about Additional Resources

24. Can state aid provided to my child’s public school transfer directly to my home-school?
Home-schools are not eligible for per-pupil general education funding from the state.

25. What are the costs associated with home-schooling?

Some examples of typical costs associated with home-schooling include: textbooks, curriculum, supplies, arts
experiences, and tuition for programs that are outside the parent’s ability to teach. The parent may pay for
additional instruction in the arts, for the child to participate in community-based sports teams, or have
experiential learning and field trips. The annual required standardized tests also cost money.

It takes a commitment and investment of time to teach, keep records, and generally oversee your child’s
education.

26. Is there financial support for home-school curricula, materials, textbooks and
assessments?

Parents of students in many nonpublic schools often pay for most of their student’s cost of education in the
form of tuition as an out-of-pocket expense. Similarly, home-schooling families generally cover most or all of the
expenses for curriculum, books, instructional materials and experiences. A small amount of financial assistance
is available through the Aids to Nonpublic Students program. You must meet the following deadlines if you want
to be eligible to receive aid:

By September 15: Request the Aids to Nonpublic Students Form from your resident school district.

6
Update 9/18/2023
By October 1: Return the Aids to Nonpublic Students Form to your resident school district.

By October 15: Your resident school district submits the form to MDE, allowing you to access funding for
textbooks, nationally normed achievement tests, and individual instructional materials on a loan basis.

Pupil Health Secondary Pupil Guidance and Counseling Services. To learn the current rates, see the nonpublic
pupil aids promulgation memo on rates on the MDE website.

Students must be age 5 by September 1 to be eligible for any aid. Kindergarteners in half-day programs receive
pro-rated half-time funding.

For questions about Aids to Nonpublic Students, contact MDE School Finance: Greg Sogaard, 651-582-8858.

27. Are there any tax breaks for expenses related to home-schooling?

Minnesota offers a dollar-for-dollar income tax credit for qualified low-income families, as well as an education
cost subtraction (tax deduction) for many other families for up to $2650 in expenses. See the Minnesota
Department of Revenue’s Individual Income Tax Fact Sheets on the K-12 Education Subtraction and Credit and
Qualifying Home-School Expenses to learn about Minnesota’s K-12 education tax credit and subtraction to
determine whether some taxes or taxable income can be reduced.

Additionally, Minnesota home-schools may be exempt from state sales tax on some items. Complete the
Minnesota Department of Revenue’s Certificate of Exemption. For more information on what items may be
eligible for state sales tax exemption, contact the Minnesota Department of Revenue.

28. Can my home-school student access services at a public school?

Under Minnesota Statutes, section 123B.44, home-school students may be provided health, guidance and
counseling services at a public school site, a neutral site, or the home-school. The resident district and
representatives of the home-school must hold an annual consultation regarding the type, provider and location
of services. The resident district governing board must make the final decision on the location of the provision of
services, and the MDE commissioner shall allot to school districts the actual cost of the services, which shall not
exceed the average expenditure per public school pupil.

29. Can my child participate in the extracurricular activities, including junior varsity and
varsity athletics, of our resident school district?

Home-schools and other nonpublic schools with five or fewer students may participate in their resident school
district’s extracurricular activities, as outlined in Minnesota Statutes, section 123B.49. Participation in
competitive sports at high school is regulated through the Minnesota High School League. For more information
about this provision and related policies, contact the Minnesota High School League, (763) 560-2262. Note that
public school boards may require fees for students to participate in extracurricular activities under Minnesota
Statutes, section 123B.36.

7
Update 9/18/2023
30. May home-school students have access to School Nutrition Program benefits?

Generally no. Home-school students would typically not have access to school nutrition program benefits.
Home-school children could have access if they are enrolled in the district and taking classes (at least part time)
at a school where school meal programs are offered. For additional information, please contact MDE’s Food and
Nutrition Services.

31. Can home-schools teach the classroom portion of driver’s education?

The Minnesota Department of Public Safety has options for classroom driver’s education that are only available
to full-time home-school students in situations that will lead to a home-school high school diploma, per
Minnesota Statutes, section 171.05, subdivision 2(1)(ii).

32. Can my child with special needs receive special education services through my resident
school district?

Resident school districts must allow home-school students to receive special education services through the
school district, per Minnesota Statutes, section 125A.18 and section 126C.19.

33. Can shared time provisions in state law help my student access academic courses?

Nonpublic school students, including home-school students, without an IEP can request shared time instruction
from any public school in Minnesota, but local policy will determine whether the shared time option is available
to the student and, if so, what the limitations are.

If the student is not a resident of the district where the intended school is located and that school is willing to
enroll the student as a shared time student, then the school needs to contact the resident district to request the
shared time funding. The resident district must comply. The student must be a Minnesota resident to be eligible
to generate shared time aid.

One important limitation exists at the state level. Minnesota law does not allow nonpublic students, including
home-school students, to generate shared time aid for participation in Minnesota K-12 public online learning
courses, which means the public school online program can charge the family tuition.

34. Can my public school student use the shared time law to occasionally home-school a
class?

The shared time state statute is not designed as a means for public school students to occasionally take a home-
school class or other private learning options. Instead, these public school students may explore independent
study under supervision of a licensed teacher or supplemental public online learning. The starting point for
discussing these options for public school students are district guidance counselors.

8
Update 9/18/2023
35. Can my home-school student attend a school for religious instruction?
Unrelated to shared time, any public school student has the right to be absent from public school up to three
hours per week if it is the wish of the parent for the child to attend a school for religious instruction conducted
and maintained by some church, or association of churches, or any Sunday school association incorporated
under the laws of Minnesota, per Minnesota Statutes, section 120A.22, subdivision 12(a)(3).

36. Can my home-school student take college classes?

Your student can take postsecondary classes through the Postsecondary Enrollment Options (PSEO) program if
they meet the requirements and are admitted to a participating Minnesota institution.

Under Minnesota Statutes, section 124D.09, subdivision 4, 10th, 11th or 12th grade home-school students may
apply to take college classes (online or in-person) through PSEO by contacting a participating institution listed on
the MDE webpage. 10th graders are restricted to enrolling in one career or technical education (CTE) course
during their first semester of PSEO. A 10th grader must receive a passing score on the 8th grade Minnesota
Comprehensive Assessment, or another reading assessment accepted by the enrolling institution. If your 10th
grade student receives a grade of “C” or better in the CTE course, they can enroll in additional CTE courses the
following semester.

37. May 14- and 15- year-old students work during school hours on school days?
This area is overseen by the Minnesota Department of Labor and Industry. Please contact them at 651-284-
5070, 1-800-342-5354 or [email protected] for further guidance.

38. My student is in high school. Who prepares the transcript and diploma?

As the administrator of a home-school, you are responsible for keeping the proper records to produce a
transcript and a diploma. Many online and print resources can assist the home-school parent to produce an
accurate and professional transcript. MDE does not certify or validate any private school diploma or transcript.
Likewise, local public school districts do not do this for home-schools or other nonpublic schools.

39. Can my student who is graduating from home-school walk with the public school class at
graduation?
No, students graduating from home-schools do not participate in the graduation services of the public school.
Although graduation ceremonies are sometimes classified as extracurricular activities, home-school students
cannot participate in the graduation ceremonies for students in the public high school because these are
ceremonies for students who have successfully met the graduation requirements and are graduating from that
particular school.

9
Update 9/18/2023
40. Can MDE verify or certify a home-school diploma or transcript for employers, military or
college admission’s offices?
MDE is not able to provide any verification or certification of any home-school diploma or transcript.
Organizations need to work directly with the parent who instructed the student.

41. How can home-school students take college entrance tests?

Home-educated students wanting to take either the ACT or SAT college test will usually find many options
through local high schools and colleges. However, the corresponding practice tests may be harder to access.
Home-schooling advocates recommend using home-school codes when you test so that the scores are sent to
you at your home address, and not to the high school where you tested.

• PreACT: if you want to take the practice ACT, check with your local public high school. Some home-
school organizations also offer it. PreACT code for homeschools is: 979-999.
• Taking the ACT: The ACT is offered four to six times throughout the year. Homeschool students can
register on the ACT testing site and follow the directions for downloading the necessary documents for
testing day. The homeschool high school code for the ACT is 969-999.
• Taking the PSAT/NMSQT: The Preliminary SAT/National Merit Scholarship Qualifying Test
(PSAT/NMSQT®) is given each year in October. It measures the same knowledge and skills as the SAT
and is the qualifying test for entry to the National Merit® Scholarship Program. To take the
PSAT/NMSQT, you’ll need to contact a high school near you that’s administering the test. We
recommend contacting them several months before the test date. Since the test is given in October this
means contact the high school where you want to take the test in late May or early June. Many high
schools will not allow this because of limitations on the number of tests they are allowed to order. For
annual PSAT dates, please visit the SAT Suite of Assessments. If a student who wants to take the PSAT to
compete for the National Merit Scholarship missed the test, contact the National Merit Scholarship
Corporation for next steps. Code for the PSAT for Minnesota residents is 992449.
• Taking the SAT: Homeschooled students can register for the SAT online or on paper, just like any other
student. Anywhere you’re asked for your high school code on the registration form, use code 970000.
• Free Practice for the SAT and PSAT/NMSQT: One of the best ways to prepare for the SAT or
PSAT/NMSQT is to use Official SAT Practice on Khan Academy®. It’s free, it’s online, and it gives you a
personalized practice plan based on your scores on a previous SAT or PSAT/NMSQT or on short quizzes
you take on Khan Academy.

Websites for additional information include College Board (PSAT, SAT, Accuplacer, CLEP, and AP) and ACT (Pre-
ACT, Aspire, ACT).

E-Library Minnesota provides free online access to prep tests through the LearningExpress Library. The
LearningExpress Library is geo-located for authentication so a library card is not necessary. For more information
on LearningExpress Library, please visit LearningExpress Library.

10
Update 9/18/2023
42. Are there concerns about the privacy of data I report on a home-schooling registration?
Because of our situation, it is unsafe for our location to be known by some people.
The local school district may not release your home-school registration information to outside inquirers other
than military recruiters. However, if your family still has concerns, you may want to explore the Safe at Home
program through the Minnesota Secretary of State’s office. The Safe at Home program will assign a post office
box to your address and provide mail-forwarding services. This post office box may be used as your legal
address.

43. If my child most recently was a public school student in an open enrollment district or a
charter school, does this change where I register or where my child has a right to
participate in extracurricular activities?
Once you begin home-schooling, the open enrollment or charter school enrollment is finished. Your registration
responsibilities and the right to participate in extracurricular activities rests with your resident school district,
even if your child had been previously enrolled elsewhere.

Additional Questions
44. I still have questions about home-schooling in Minnesota. Who can help?

Contact the home-school liaison in your resident school district superintendent’s office for information about
home-school registration.

For information about home-school law and policy, contact the MDE Ombudsperson, Cynthia Jackson, at (651)
582-8572 or visit the Office of the Revisor of Statutes and review statutes by topic: Home Schools.

Consider joining a home-school co-op and/or statewide organization so that you can meet other families who
home-school and receive up-to-date information. A home-school conference is another way to make
connections, attend workshops, and review curricula. Currently there are three home-school conferences held
annually in Minnesota. Please visit the websites of home education associations listed below for additional
details:

• Minnesota Association of Christian Home Educators (MACHE)

• Minnesota Catholic Home Education
• Minnesota Homeschoolers’ Alliance

11
Update 9/18/2023