Scribd
Upload
38 views6 pages

Unit 1. Skeletons

Uploaded by

Suha Algharaz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
38 views6 pages

Unit 1. Skeletons

Uploaded by

Suha Algharaz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 6

Lesson 1

Skeletons
 The body of living organism consists of different systems which consists of
different organs.
 The organs are divided into 1:- External organs.
o 2:- Internal organs.
 Living organisms are classified into 2 groups ,
1. Vertebrates :-
 They have backbone (spine) inside their body… (Skeleton).
 The bones of spines are called vertebrae.
 The places where our bones meet are called joints.
 The human adult has 206 bones, but babies are born with 300 bones. As
they grow , their bones grow
 Together. They have 206 bones as an adult.

2.Invertebrates :-
 They have not backbone inside their bodies.
 The importance ( functions ) or ( jobs ) of skeleton:-
 1)) To support your body.
 2)) To protect parts inside your body (protects our organs).
 3)) To help you to move.
 4)) Skeleton gives the body specific shape.
 Examples for some soft organs which are protected by skeleton :-
 (Brain in skull inside head. –heart in rib cage inside chest).
 Muscles
 Muscles help animals to move.
 Bones cannot move on their own.
 Animals and humans need muscles to move.
 Muscles work in pairs, for example :-
 Two muscles work together to move your arm, one muscle contract
(gets smaller) and other muscle relaxes (becomes longer or
returning back to its normal length and size).
 When you bend your arm, the muscle in upper arm contract
(biceps).
 When you straighten your arm, you relax the biceps muscle and
contract the triceps muscle.
 Skeletons
Humans and animals have skeletons with muscles, attached.
Each muscles is attached to a different set of bones by tendons.
Muscle changes its shape during motion.
We use more than 200 muscles when we walk, this is a lot of work for
a muscle.
 Joints
A joint is where two or more bones meet.
Note:-
If the bones were fixed together, the muscles would not be able to
make the bones move.
The bone can only move it is part of a joint.
Elbow joints allow you to bend your arms at the elbow.

Types of the joints:-


1)) Ball and socket joint:-
It moves bones in different directions (in all directions).
2)) Hinge joint:-
It moves backwards and forwards like the hinge on a door (in one
direction).
Human skeleton x-rays
We cannot see bones.
They are covered by layers of muscle and skin.
Radiographers:-
They are special scientists use x-ray machines to take special pictures of
the bones inside the body.
They take x-ray to look for the broken bone, then a doctor can mend
the bones by moving the broken parts back together. They then put on
a plaster cast to stop the bone from moving.
Animal skeletons
Vertebrates are animals that have a skeleton with a backbone inside
their body.
All vertebrate’s skeletons have the same functions, no matter which
animal they are in.
Note :-
Giraffes have the same number of bones in their neck as humans.
Skeletons on outside, some animals do not have backbone (a spine)
.They are invertebrates (not vertebrates).
Some invertebrates have though .They have it on the outside of their
bodies. (Ex:- Ants ,spiders ,crabs, sea horses and lobsters ).This skeleton
called exoskeleton ( out ).
Exercise 1
1) Write short notes on :-
 Joints and their types with examples.
 Radiographer.
 Muscle.
 Classification of vertebrates and invertebrates.
 Importance of skeleton.
 Importance of X-ray.

With my best wishes


S.M.

You might also like