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Computer Notes

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6 views

Computer Notes

Uploaded by

sikandershah201988
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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TOPOLOGY & TYPES OF TOPOLOGIES

Topology:
The way in which the connection are made is called topology./A set of rules to design a
network is called topology /network layout either physically or logically.

Types of Topologies:
1. Bus Topology:
2. Star Topology:
3. Mesh Topology:

BUS TOPOLOGY:
All the computers in Bus topology are connected with each other through a single cable
known as a bus.
When a network is shaped in such a way that a signal shared cable connected to a
number of computers, then it is called Bus topology.
In type of network all the nodes are connected with the same cable that acts as a
backbone of the network.
Only one computer at a time can send a message, therefore the number of computers
attached to a bus network can significantly affect the speed of the network computer
must wait until the bus is free before it can transmit.

Bus Topology Advantages:


1. It is the simple
2. It is easy to use
3. Less expensive.
4. It is easy to connect peripheral to a network

Bus topology Disadvantages:


1. If the cable breaks then the entire network shut down.
2. Heavy network traffic can slow a bus.

1
STAR TOPOLOGY:
In a star network topology the computers are connected to a central device called a
Hub or Switch. (Where hub is an electronic device that implements a network). Hubs /
Switches typically have 4 to 48 ports to connect the devices with it.
Each computer on a star network communicates with a central device that could be a
hub or switch .If the hub is attached to the network then the message will be
broadcasted to all the computers and if the switch that is also known as intelligent hub
is attached then the message will be regenerated and sent only to the destination
computer.

Star Topology Advantages:


1. If one computer on the star topology fails, then only the failed computer is unable to
send or receive data. The remainder of the network functions normally.
2. Can be establish in room or office.
3. It is the fast access time.
Star topology Disadvantages:
1. In this topology each computer is connected to a central hub or switch, if this device
fails, the entire network fails.
2. It is more expansive because it requires more cables from bus topology.

MESH TOPOLOGY:
According to mesh topology every device has a dedicated point-to-point link to other
devices. The fully connected mesh topology is the most expansive to build for each
node has a link to every other node
In general the number the number of links (L) required for fully connected network of
N nodes can be calculated by this
L= N (N-1)/2
N is the number of nodes used in the topology. Every device on the network must have
(N-1) input/output.
In the above diagram total number of nodes are 4,i.e value of N. we can calculate the
number of cables/links by using this formula

2
N=4
L=4(4-1)/2
L=4(3)/2
L=12/2
L=6
The number of cables that are require for 4 nodes are 6.

Mesh Topology Advantages


1. This type of network is very reliable, as any line breakdown will affect only
Communication between the connected computers, it cannot affect the entire
network.
2. Communication is very fast.
3. The big advantage of this topology is its backup capabilities by providing multiple
paths through the network.
Mesh topology Disadvantages:
1. It is the most expensive network because a lot of cabling and Input and output ports
are required to connect a computer to every other computer.
2. Difficult to troubleshoot.

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