Alexander-Sadiku

Fundamentals of Electric Circuits

Chapter 19
Two-Port Networks
Instructor : Tan Ching Sin
Universiti Tenaga Nasional
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
 Chapter 19
Two-Port Networks
19.1 Overview
19.2 Impedance / Z-Parameter
19.3 Admittance / Y-Parameter

 Read Alexander & Sadiku, Chapter 19.

Dr. Tan
 19.1 Overview
Two-port Networks
 A pair of terminals through which
a current may enter or leave a
network is known as a port. An
element (such as a resistor,
capacitor, or an inductor) or a
group of elements that have only
two terminals result in one-port
network.

 Sometimes we have an element

with four terminals or two ports
(such as a transistor, or OpAmp)
or alternatively, we have a group
of elements which have two
ports. Such networks are called
two-port networks.

Dr. Tan
 Two-port Networks Parameters

o To characterize a two-port network, it requires that

we relate the terminal quantities V1, V2, I1, and I2,
out of which two are independent.
o The terms that relate to these voltages and
currents are called parameters
o It shows the relationship between input and output
current and voltage.

Dr. Tan
 19.2 Impedance Parameter (1)

V1  z11 I1  z12 I 2 V1   z11 z12   I1   I1 

V    z     z  
V2  z 21 I1  z 22 I 2  2   21 z 22   I 2  I 2 
Dr. Tan
 19.2 Impedance Parameter (2)

V
z  1 z11 is the impedance seen looking into port 1 when port 2 is
11 I I 0 open.
1 2
V
z  1 z12 is a transfer impedance. It is the ratio of the voltage at
12 I I 0 port 1 to the current at port 2 when port 1 is open.
2 1
V
z  2 z21 is a transfer impedance. It is the ratio of the voltage at port
21 I I 0 2 to the current at port 1 when port 2 is open.
1 2
V
z  2 z22 is the impedance seen looking into port 2 when port 1 is
22 I I 0 open.
2 1
Dr. Tan
 Example: Z- Parameter Model
V1   z11 z12   I1   I1 
V    z   
z 22   I 2  I 
z
 2   21  2

I2=0 I1=0

Circuit Model: To find Z11 and Z21, Set I2=0 Circuit Model: To find Z22 and Z12, Set I1=0
at port #2 and put a voltage source V1 at at port #1 and put a voltage source V2 at
port# 1 port# 2

V V
z  2 z  1 I 0
V V 22 I I 0 12 I
z  1 z  2 2 1 2 1
11 I I  0 21 I I  0
1 2 1 2

Dr. Tan
 Example : Sem 1, 2019/2020
Determine the Z parameters.
V1   z11 z12   I1   I1 
V    z   
z 22   I 2  I 
z
 2   21  2

I2=0 I1=0
Possible Solution:

Dr. Tan
 Exercise (1)
Given the following circuit. Determine the Z parameters.

I1 I2
8 10 

+ +

V1 20  20  V2

_ _

Answer :
 z11 z12  20 8 
z  
 21 z 22   8 12

Dr. Tan
 Exercise (2)
Given the following circuit. Find the Z parameters.

I1 I2
1 4

+ +
+ 2
1 Vx
V1 V2
- 2Vx
_
_

Answer :
 z11 z12   1.667 0.222
z  
 21 z 22   0.667 1.111

Dr. Tan
 19.3 Admittance Parameter (1)

I1  y11V1  y12V2  I1   y11 y12  V1  V1 

I    y      y  
I 2  y21V1  y22V2  2   21 y22  V2  V2 
Dr. Tan
 19.3 Admittance Parameter (2)

I
y  1 y11 is the admittance seen looking into port 1when port 2 is
11 V V 0
1 2 shorted.
I
y  1 y12 is a transfer admittance. It is the ratio of the current at
12 V V 0
2 1 port 1 to the voltage at port 2 when port 1 is shorted.

I
y  2 y21 is a transfer impedance. It is the ratio of the current at
21 V V 0 port 2 to the voltage at port 1 when port 2 is shorted.
1 2
I
y  2 y22 is the admittance seen looking into port 2 when port 1 is
22 V V 0 shorted.
2 1
Dr. Tan
 Example: Y- Parameter Model
 I1   y11 y12  V1  V1 
I    y   
y22  V2  V 
y
 2   21  2

V2=0 V1=0

Circuit Model: To find y11 and y21, Set V2=0 at Circuit Model: To find y22 and y12, Set V1=0 at
port #2 and put a current source I1 at port# 1 port #1 and put a current source I2 at port# 2

I I I I
y  1 y  2 y  2 y  1
11 V
1 V 0
21 V
1 V 0
22 V
2 V 0 12 V
2 V 0
2 2 1 1

Dr. Tan
 Example : Sem 2, 2019/2020
Determine the Y parameters.
 I1   y11 y12  V1  V1 
I    y   y  
 2   21 y22  V2  V2 

V2=0 V1=0
Possible Solution:

Dr. Tan
 Exercise (3)
Given the following network. Find the Y parameters for the network.

I1 1
I2

+ +
1 s
V1 V2
s
_ _
1

Answer :
 y11 y12   s  0.5 0.5s 
y   1 S
y22   0 .5 s 0.5 
 21  s 
Dr. Tan
 Exercise (4)
Example 4
Find I1 , I 2 ,V1 and V2 if.
 z11 z12   10  6
z  
 21 z 22   4 12 

Answer :
I1  0.8049 A, I 2  0.1463 A,
V1  -1.463V and V2  7.176V
Dr. Tan
 Conversion of two-port parameters

Dr. Tan
 Thank You

Q&A

Dr. Tan