Directions: Read each question carefully, Select the letter of the correct answer.

Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Vincent is using a flat head screwdriver for the slotted screw. He tightened the
screw properly. What do you think will happen to the head slot of screw if the said
material will be over-tightened repeatedly?
a. It may loosen its thread
b. It may be difficult to loosen the said screw
c. The head slot of the screw will become stripped
d. You can no longer move the screw even with the use of screwdriver
2. Uncle Edgar used appropriate cleaning tools when maintaining or repairing
computers so that the computers are not damage during cleaning. The following
are the cleaning tools EXCEPT.
a. Anti-static mat c. Part organizer
b. Lint-free Cloth d. Cable ties
3. Rico wants to upgrade the performance of his computer, which of the following
hardware components is responsible for the speed of computer?
a. Hard disk c. CPU
b. Video Card d. Memory
4. Ricky wants to find a faulty component in his computer, he checked it with the
other computers so that he can make sure whether the fault is in the component or
not. What kind of troubleshooting Ricky performed?
a. Check cables c. Trial and error
b. Hardware settings d. Event viewer
5. Shin loves to watch movie using his laptop’s optical drive by inserting DVD’s. He
was curious how it happened every time he uses it to watch. How do you think optical
drive(s) read files or data stored in a DVD or Blu-ray disc?
a. it uses wire
b. it uses USB port
c. it uses lasers to read data
d. it is used as permanent storage
6. Ammeter is used to measure current. What is the schematic symbol of ammeter?

a. c.

b. d.
7. Earlwin used this tool for applying heat to melt solder in attaching two
metal parts. What tool did Earlwin used?
a. Soldering stand c. Desoldering tool
b. Soldering Iron d. Philip screwdriver

1
8. This process of detecting and removing of existing and potential errors in a
software code that can cause it to behave unexpectedly or crash.
a. Debugging c. Automated
b. Prototyping d. Inspection
9. Which of the following tools is commonly used in testing electronic component?
a. Crimping Tool c. Multitester
b. Loopback Adapter d. Soldering Iron
10. What type of testing method is used detect if there are loses or increase in voltage
on a power supply?
a. Continuity Test c. Performance Test
b. Diagnostic Test d. Voltage Test

2
 MODULE 1

Welcome to the world of Computer System Servicing!

This Module is an exploratory course which leads you to Computer System Servicing
National Certificate Level II (NC II). It covers the common competencies that a Grade
7 / Grade 8 Technology and Livelihood Education (TLE) student like you ought to
possess.

The module is divided into seven lessons, namely:

Lesson 1 – Using and maintaining hand tools. (TLE_IACSS9-12UHT-111a-17,
TLE_IACSS9-12UHT-111b-18, TLE_IACSS9-12UHT-111c-19)

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. identify tasks to be undertaken properly
2. identify and select appropriate hand tools according to the task requirements
3. check appropriate hand tools for proper operation and safety
4. identify and mark unsafe or faulty tools for repair according to standard
company procedure
5. use tools according to tasks undertaken.
6. observe all safety procedures in always using tools and use appropriate PPE.

Lesson
Using and Maintaining Hand Tools
1

Hardware Tools
To complete hardware repairs, it is important to have a toolkit that should
contain all of the necessary tools. As you gain experience, you will learn which tools
to have available for different types of jobs. Hardware tools are grouped into these
four categories:
● Electro-Static Discharge (ESD) tools
● Hand tools
● Cleaning tools
● Diagnostic tools

3
Electro-Static Discharge (ESD) Tools
Static electricity is easily generated by friction on carpets, tile flooring,
clothing, hair, fabric, etc. The friction of moving air alone will charge suspended
particles and cause the buildup of static electrical charges on people and objects in
the environment. Examples of ESD Tools:

Tool Description

Anti-static wrist strap – used to prevent ESD damage to

computer equipment.

Anti-static mat – used to stand on or place hardware on

to prevent static electricity from building up.

Hand Tools
A hand tool is a device for performing work on a material or a physical system
using only hands. The hand tools can be manually used employing force, or
electrically powered, using electrical current. Examples of Hand Tools:

Tool Description
Flat Head Screwdriver – Used to loosen or tighten slotted
screws.

Philips Head Screwdriver – Used to loosen or tighten cross-

head screws.
Torx Screwdriver - Used to loosen or tighten screws that
have a star-like depression on the top, a feature that is
mainly found on laptop.
Hex Driver – Sometimes called a nut driver is used to tighten
nuts in the same way that a screwdriver tightens screws.

Needle-Nose Pliers – Used to hold small parts.

Wire Cutter – Used to strip and cut wires.

Tweezers – Used to manipulate small parts.

Part Retriever – Used to retrieve parts from location that is

too small for your hand to fit.

Flashlight – Used to light up areas that you cannot see well.

4
Cleaning Tools
Having the appropriate cleaning tools is essential when maintaining or
repairing computers.

Tools Description
Lint-free Cloth – Used to clean different computer
components without scratching or leaving debris.

Compressed Air – Used to blow away dust and debris from

different computer parts without touching the components.

Cable Ties – Used to bundle cables neatly inside and outside

of a computer.

Parts Organizer – Used to hold screw, jumpers, fasteners and

other small parts and prevents them from getting mixed
together.

Diagnostic Tools
Computers are easier to use and more dependable with each new generation
of hardware and operating system update, but that does not mean they are problem-
free.
Tools Description
Multimeter – Used to test the integrity of circuits and the
quality of electricity in computer components.

Loopback Adapter – Used to test the functionality of

computer ports.

Proper Use of ESD Tools

Proper Use of Antistatic Wrist Strap

1. Connect the cable to the metal chassis of the computer.
2. Wrap the strap around your wrist.
3. The connection will keep your body at the same voltage
(potential) as the computer.
4. Attach the wire on the same side of the equipment as the
arm wearing the antistatic wrist strap to keep the wire out of the way while you
are working.

CAUTION: Never wear an antistatic wrist strap if you are repairing a monitor or CRT.

5
 Proper Use of Antistatic Mat
1. Lay the computer on the mat.
2. Connect the computer to the mat with the cable.
3. Connect the mat to a reliable electrical ground with its
cable.
4. Now, you and the computer are at ground potential.

Proper Use of Hand Tools

1. Use the proper type and size of screwdriver by matching it to the screw.
2. Do not over tighten screws because the threads may become stripped.

CAUTION: If excessive force is needed to remove or add a component, something

may be wrong.
CAUTION: Magnetized tools should not be used around electronic devices.
CAUTION: Pencils should not be used inside the computer because the pencil
lead can act as a conductor and may damage the computer
components.

Tool and Equipment Maintenance

All tools and equipment must be properly maintained so that workers are not
endangered. Regulations require inspections of tools, machines and equipment
before use.
Preventive maintenance is the systematic care and
protection of tools, equipment and machines in order to
keep them in a safe, usable condition limit downtime and
extend productivity. A successful maintenance program is:
✔ well organized and scheduled,
✔ controls hazards,
✔ defines operational procedures, and
✔ trains key personnel.
Most manufacturers can provide maintenance schedules for their equipment. Large
companies typically have a comprehensive maintenance program due to the capital
investment and/or leasing agreements involved. Smaller companies may lease
equipment and maintenance services may be included in the leasing agreement.
General requirements for tools and equipment maintenance include:
✔ Obtaining a copy of the maintenance schedule recommended by the
manufacturer
✔ Ensuring that maintenance is performed as required
✔ Ensuring that the person(s) performing the maintenance are competent (e.g.,
licensed mechanic)
✔ Retaining records of maintenance/service conducted
✔ Specifying who is responsible for overseeing equipment maintenance and
where the records are kept
✔ Set up a system for removal and tagging of damaged or defective tools and
equipment.

6
 PROPER STORAGE OF TOOLS, PARTS, AND EQUIPMENT
To ensure that tools and equipment remain in good condition and last for a long time,
store them properly. Properly stored tools and equipment will be easy to find when
needed and are less likely to be lost.
Good practices include:
● Parts should be properly stored and labeled (Figure 1).
● Tools should be properly placed on the board and labeled (Figure 2).
Consider drawing the shapes of the tools on the board so that they always
get put back in the same position.
● Use bins for storing small parts (Figure 3).
● Consider making an individual (or individuals) responsible for the good
maintenance of tools and parts.
Benefits:

● Tools and parts are kept in good condition and are easy to find
● Costs are reduced.
● Productivity is increased because time is not wasted looking for tools, parts,
and equipment.
● Workshop staff develops a sense of responsibility and pride in their wo

Directions: Read and understand each statement carefully. Write TRUE if the
statement is correct and FALSE if it is wrong.
1. Faulty tools are safe to use in repairing computers.
2. Read and follow what is said on the computer manual before using the tools
3. Always used the right tool for specific job
4. Follow the organization’s OHS procedures and practices. Never wear Personal
Protective Equipment (PPE).
5. Before performing task, tools needed must be examine

7
Direction: From the given drawing below name the classification of hardware
tools. (Electro-Static Discharge, Hand tools, cleaning tools, or Diagnostic Tools)
Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. 6.

2. 7.

3. 8.

4. 9.

5. 10.

MODULE 2

Technology and Livelihood Education (TLE) is one of the nomenclature in the

implementation of the K to 12 Basic Education Program (BEP) composed of four
components namely: Agri-Fishery Arts, Home Economics, Industrial Arts and
Information and Communication Technology (ICT). In this module, the focus is on
an ICT mini-course – Computer Hardware Servicing.

This Module is an exploratory course which leads you to Computer System Servicing
National Certificate Level II (NC II). It covers the common competencies that a Grade

8
7 / Grade 8 Technology and Livelihood Education (TLE) student like you ought to
possess.

The module is divided into seven lessons, namely:

Lesson 2 – Performing Computer Operations (TLE_IACSS9- 12PCO-Ic-d-4),
(TLE_IACSS9-12PCO-1i-j-9)

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. determine requirements of task in accordance with the required output.
2. select appropriate hardware and software according to task required outcome
3. determine the computer systems errors using manual and software diagnosis
4. identify the diagnosed computer systems and network errors based on the job
requirements.
5. configure computer systems and networks.

Lesson
Performing Computer Operations
2

Understanding the Computer System

As an aspiring computer technician, it is very important to know the different
components of a computer system. These are the hardware, software and
peopleware. Each component plays an important role, without each other computer
systems will not work properly.
Hardware- the physical, touchable, electronic, and mechanical parts of a computer
system.
A. Major hardware components of
a computer system
The following list represents a basic set of
hardware found in most PCs
1. System Unit- The main part of a
microcomputer, sometimes called the
chassis. It includes the following parts:
Motherboard, Microprocessor, Memory
Chips, Buses, Ports, Expansion Slots and
Cards. Figure 1. Tower Type System Unit
2. Motherboard / Mainboard / System
Board- The main circuit board of a computer. It contains all the circuits and
components that run the computer.

9
 3. CPU (Central Processing Unit) - The processor is
the main “brain” or “heart” of a computer system. It
performs all the instructions and calculations that are
needed and manages the flow of information through
a computer.

Figure 2. Examples of CPU 4. Primary storage- (internal storage, main memory, or

memory) is the computer's working storage space that
holds data, instructions for processing and processed data (information) waiting to
be sent to secondary storage. Physically, primary storage is a collection of RAM chips.
Two (2) Types of Memory
a. ROM – (Read Only Memory) ROM is non-volatile,
meaning it holds data even when the power is ON
or OFF.
b. RAM – (Random Access Memory) RAM is volatile,
meaning it holds data only when the power is on.
When the power is off, RAM's contents are Figure 3. Expansion Bus
lost.
5. Expansion Bus - A bus is a data pathway between several hardware
components inside or outside a computer. It does not only connect the parts of the
CPU to each other, but also links the CPU with other important hardware.
6. Adapters- Printed-circuit boards (also called interface cards) that enable the
computer to use a peripheral device for which it does not
have the necessary connections or circuit boards. They are
often used to permit upgrading to a new different
hardware.
7. Power Supply Unit (PSU) - Installed in the back corner
of the PC case, next to the motherboard. It converts 120vac
(standard house power) into DC voltages that are used by
other components in the PC.
Figure 4. Power supply
8. Hard Disk Drive (HDD) - Also known as hard drive, is a
magnetic storage device that is installed inside the
computer. The hard drive is used as permanent storage for
data. In a Windows computer, the hard drive is usually
configured as the C: drive and contains the operating system
and applications.
Figure 5. Hard Disk Drive
(HDD)
9. Optical Drive- An optical drive is a storage device that uses
lasers to read data on the optical media. There are three types of
optical drives: Compact Disc (CD), Digital Versatile Disc (DVD) and
Figure 6. CD Rom
Blu-ray Disc (BD).
10. Digital Versatile Disc (DVD) - Designed to optically access data
stored on a DVD. A laser moves back and forth near the disk surface
and accesses

Figure 7. DVD Rom

B. Input Devices - Accepts data and instructions from the user or from another
computer system.

10
 Two (2) Types of Input Devices
1. Keyboard Entry – Data is inputted to the computer through a keyboard.
Keyboard - The first input device developed for the PC. Data is transferred
to the PC over a short cable with a circular 6-pin Mini-din connector that
plugs into the back of the motherboard.
2. Direct Entry – A form of input that does not require data to be keyed by
someone sitting at a keyboard. Direct-entry devices create machine-readable data
on paper, or magnetic media, or feed it directly into the computer’s CPU.
Three Categories of Direct Entry Devices
1. Pointing Devices - An input device used to move the pointer (cursor) on screen.
● Mouse - The most common 'pointing device' used in PCs. Every mouse has
two buttons and most have one or two scroll wheels.
● Touch screen- A display screen that is sensitive to the touch of a finger or
stylus. Used in myriad applications, including ATM machines, retail point-of-
sale terminals, car navigation and industrial controls. The touch screen
became wildly popular for smart phones and tablets.
● Light Pen - A light-sensitive stylus wired to a video terminal used to draw
pictures or select menu options. The user brings the pen to the desired point
on screen and presses the pen button to make contact.
● Digitizer Tablet - A graphics drawing tablet used for sketching new images
or tracing old ones. Also called a "graphics tablet," the user contacts the
surface of the device with a wired or wireless pen or puck. Often mistakenly
called a mouse, the puck is officially the "tablet cursor."

2. Scanning Devices- A device that can read text or illustrations printed on paper
and translates the information into a form the computer can use.
3. Voice- Input Devices - Audio input devices also known as speech or voice
recognition systems that allow a user to send audio signals to a computer for
processing, recording, or carrying out commands. Audio input devices such as
microphones allow users to speak to the computer to record a voice message or
navigate software.

C. Output Devices - Any piece of computer hardware that displays results after the
computer has processed the input data that has been entered.
1. Computer Display Monitor- It displays information in visual form, using text and
graphics. The portion of the monitor that displays the information is called the screen
or video display terminal.
Types of Monitors
a. CRT Monitors - Cathode Ray Tubes (CRT) were the only type of displays for
use with desktop PCs. They are relatively big (14" to 16" deep) and heavy (over
15 lbs.).
b. LCD Monitors - Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) technology has been used in
laptops for some time. It has recently been made commercially available as
monitors for desktop PCs.
c. LED Monitors (Light Emitting Diode) - A display and lighting technology used
in almost every electrical and electronic product on the market, from a tiny

11
 on/off light to digital readouts, flashlights, traffic lights and perimeter
lighting.
2. LCD Projectors- utilize two sheets of polarizing material with a liquid crystal
solution between them. An electric current passed through the liquid causes the
crystals to align so that light cannot pass through them. Each crystal, therefore, is
like a shutter, either allowing light to pass through or blocking the light.
3. Smart Board - A type of display screen that has a touch sensitive transparent
panel covering the screen, which is like a touch screen.
4. Printer - A device that prints text or illustrations on paper.
Types of Printers
● Inkjet or Bubble-Jet Printer - Sprays ink at a sheet of paper. Ink-jet
printers produce high-quality text and graphics.
● Laser Printer - Uses the same technology as copy machines. Laser printers
produce very high-quality text and graphics.
● LCD and LED Printer- Like a laser printer but uses liquid crystals or light-
emitting diodes rather than a laser to produce an image on the drum
● Line Printer - Contains a chain of characters or pins that print an entire line
at one time. Line printers are very fast but produce low-quality print.
● Thermal Printer- An inexpensive printer that works by pushing heated pins
against heat-sensitive paper. Thermal printers are widely used in calculators
and fax machines.
5. Speakers - Used to play sound. They may be built into the system unit or
connected with cables. Speakers allow you to listen to music and hear sound effects
from your computer.
D. Ports - External connecting sockets on the outside of the computer. This is a
pathway into and out of the computer. A port lets users plug in outside peripherals,
such as monitors, scanners and printers.

Table 1. The Ports and their function

Type of Port Function Illustration

Serial Port Intended for serial type mouse and
older camera

Also called as printer port. This is only

Parallel Port for old model printer.

VGA (Video Used to connect monitors. It has 15

Graphic Array) pins, and it is a female port.
Port

USB (Universal High speed serial interface that is used

Serial Bus) Port with almost all devices.

12
 Simple, 6-pin, low-speed serial
PS/2 Port connections commonly dedicated to a
keyboard and mouse.

Power Port Intended for power cord.

S-Video connections are available on

S-Video Port certain source components and video
display devices and offer a higher
level
of video performance over composite
video signals.
Audio Port Intended for plugging in the speaker or
headset.

A physical interface often used for

LAN (Local Area terminating twisted pair type cables
Networking) used to connect computers onto a
Port local-area networks (LAN)

E. Cables and Wires- A cable is most often two or more wires running side by side
and bonded, twisted or braided together to form a single assembly, but can also refer
to a heavy strong rope.
Table 2. The Cables and Connectors

Illustration Function
These jacks are intended for the PS/2 port specifically for
PS/2 type of keyboard and mouse.

This type of jack is intended for the audio and microphone

port.

S-video jack is obviously for S-Video port

This monitor jack is intended for the VGA (Video Graphic

Array) port

This USB (Universal Serial Bus) plug is intended for USB

port. Modern or new model of peripherals like printer,
camera, scanners, and even other portable computer
attachments used USB type of plugs.

This printer cable jack is intended for the parallel port.

13
 RJ45 ("RJ" in RJ45 stands for "registered jack," since it is a
standardized networking interface and the "45" simply refers
to the number of the interface standard) is a type of
connector commonly used for Ethernet networking.

Power cord is the most important cord because it connects

the computer to the main source of electricity to make it
functional.

Software is the set of instructions (also called a program) that guides the hardware
to operate effectively. Software can be split into two main types:

1. System Software – Any software required to support the production or

execution of application programs, but which is not specific to any application.
Common operating systems include Windows, the Macintosh OS, OS/2, and
UNIX.
2. Application Software – Designed to help the user to perform singular or multiple
related tasks. Examples of application software are as follows:
a. Word processing software - Creates, edits, saves, and prints documents.
Example: MS Word, WordPerfect, Ami Pro, MacWrite.
b. Spreadsheet software - An electronic spreadsheet consisting of rows and
columns is used to present and analyze data. Example: MS Excel, Lotus 123,
Quattro Pro.
c. Database management software - Used to structure a database, a large
collection of computer programs. Data is organized as fields and records for
easy retrieval. Example: MS Access, dBase, Fox Pro, Oracle.
d. Graphic software - Graphics programs display results of data manipulation for
easier analysis and presentation. Example: Macromedia Flash, Harvard
Graphics, 3D Studio Max, Adobe Photoshop

Peopleware - Refers to people involved in the data processing operations such as the
system administrator, office workers, students, and others.
TYPES OF COMPUTER SYSTEM ERROR

There are several errors in a computer from the point you open it up to the
point you reach the stand by window (reaching standby windows means boot process
has no error). Here's a list of computer error.
1. No Video Output - When you open your PC, nothing shows up in your monitor
and the LED indicator of your monitor is flashing in yellow color.
2. No Video Output - Same as number one but now the LED indicator of your
monitor is in steady orange color.
3. Doesn't Boot - When you open your PC it will show the processor brand and/or
the motherboard brand but doesn't continue. Usually this error will result to system
restart over and over again.
4. Never Ending Loading of Operating system - The computer opens up then boots
but when the operating system loads it doesn't continue and it will take a lifetime if
you're going to wait for it to load.
5. Lots of pop-up windows showing on standby mode - This also happens even if
you try disconnecting your computer set from the internet. This is what we called
aftershock virus which will continue to run even if internet is disconnected.

14
6. Lots of hardware installation windows appear - This happens even if you try
installing the hardware. When you restart your set it will happen again.
7. Safe mode doesn't work - When you try going to safe mode all you will see is a
list of files in Command prompt style.
8. Keyboard and mouse system restart - This will happen only in standby mode,
when you move your mouse or type something, your system will automatically restart
and the worst part is it will delete a file at random.
9. Sound on/off error - Upon loading the operating system, you will hear a loading
sound and then the sound stops, when you try running an audio file, no sound will
be heard.
10. Application causes system to restart - Just like the mouse problem, when you
open a program that will take the whole screen like for example a game and/or a
program applications, when you close it, it will cause your system to restart.

Directions: Given the different cables, identify their functions as well as the part
of computer system each one supports. Write your answer in your notebook.

15
Directions: From the given drawing below, name and give the classification of
personal protective devices. (Anti-static device (ASD), Power surge protector
(PSP), or Personal equipment (PE)) Write your answer on a separate sheet of
paper.

1.
2.
3.

4. 5.
6.
7.

8. 9.

MODULE 3

Technology and Livelihood Education (TLE) is one of the nomenclature in the

implementation of the K to 12 Basic Education Program (BEP) composed of four
components namely: Agri-Fishery Arts, Home Economics, Industrial Arts and
Information and Communication Technology (ICT). In this module, the focus is on
an ICT mini-course – Computer Hardware Servicing.

This Module is an exploratory course which leads you to Computer System Servicing
National Certificate Level II (NC II). It covers the common competencies that a Grade
7 / Grade 8 Technology and Livelihood Education (TLE) student like you ought to
possess.

The module is divided into seven lessons, namely:

Lesson 3 – Performing Mensuration and Calculation (TLE_IACSS9-12PMC-11a-b-10,
TLE_IACSS9-12PMC-11b-d-11)

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. identify object or component to be measured.
16
2. obtain correct specifications from relevant source.
3. select measuring tools in line with the job requirements.
4. perform calculation needed to complete task using the four mathematical
operations additions (+), subtraction (-), multiplication (x), and division (÷)
5. self-check and correct numerical computation for accuracy.

Lesson Performing Mensuration

3 and Calculation

Two types of memory

Read-only memory (ROM) chips are located in the motherboard. ROM chips
contain instructions that can be directly accessed by the CPU. Basic instructions for
booting the computer and loading the operating system are stored in ROM. ROM
chips retain their contents even when the computer is powered down. The contents
cannot be erased or changed by normal means.
Random access memory (RAM) is the temporary
storage for data and programs that are being accessed by the
CPU. RAM is volatile memory, which means that the contents
are erased when the computer is powered off. The more
RAM in a computer, the more capacity the computer has to
hold and process large programs and files, as well as
enhance system performance.

Early computers had RAM installed in the motherboard as individual chips.

The individual memory chips, called Dual Inline Package (DIP) chips, were difficult
to install and often became loose on the motherboard. To solve this problem,
designers soldered the memory chips on a special circuit board called a memory
module.

17
Here are some types of memory modules:

SIMMs has 30-pin and 72-pin configurations. DIMM is a circuit board that holds
SDRAM, DDR SDRAM and DDR2 SDRAM.
The speed of memory has a direct impact on how much data a processor can process
because faster memory improves the performance of the processor. As processor
speed increases, memory speed must also increase.
Double Data Rate (DDR) technology doubles the maximum bandwidth of SDRAM.
DDR2 offers faster performance while using less energy. DDR3 operates at even
higher speeds than DDR2; however, none of these DDR technologies are backward -
or forward - compatible.

STORAGE DRIVES
Storage drives read or write information on magnetic or optical storage media.
The drive can be used to store data permanently or to retrieve information from a
media disk. Storage drives can be installed inside the computer case, such as a hard
drive. For portability, some storage drives can connect to the computer using a USB
port, a FireWire port, or an SCSI port.

These portable storage drives are sometimes referred to as removable drives and can
be used on multiple computers. Here are some common types of storage drives:
Floppy drive, Hard drive, Optical drive and Flash drive.
Floppy Drive
A floppy drive, or floppy disk drive, is a storage
device that uses removable 3.5-inch floppy
disks. These magnetic floppy disks can store 720
KB or 1.44 MB of data. In a computer, the floppy drive is usually configured as the
A: drive. The floppy drive can be used to boot the computer if it contains a bootable
floppy disk. A 5.25-inch floppy drive is older technology and is seldom used.

18
 Hard Drive
A hard drive, or hard disk drive, is a magnetic storage device
that is installed inside the computer. The hard drive is used
as permanent storage for data. In a Windows computer, the
hard drive is usually configured as the C: drive and contains the operating system
and applications. The hard drive is often configured as the first drive in the boot
sequence.
Optical Drive

An optical drive is a storage device that uses lasers to read data

on the optical media. There are three types of optical drives:
Compact Disc (CD), Digital Versatile Disc (DVD) and Blu-ray Disc
(BD). CD, DVD, and BD media can be pre-recorded (read-only),
recordable (write once), or re- writable (read and write multiple times).
External Flash Drive

An external flash drive, also known as a thumb drive, is a removable

storage device that connects to a USB port. An external flash drive
uses the same type of non-volatile memory chips as solid state drives
and does not require power to maintain the data.

Types of Drive Interfaces

Hard drives and optical drives are manufactured with different interfaces that are
used to connect the drive to the computer. To install a storage drive in a computer,
the connection interface on the drive must be the same as the controller on the
motherboard. Here are some common drive interfaces:

● IDE – Integrated Drive Electronics, also called Advanced Technology

Attachment (ATA) is an early drive controller interface that connects
computers and hard disk drives. An IDE interface uses a 40-pin connector.
● SATA – Serial ATA refers to the serial version of the ATA drive controller
interface. A SATA interface uses a 7-pin data connector.
● SCSI – Small Computer System Interface is a drive controller interface that
can connect to 15 drives. SCSI can connect both internal and external drives.
An SCSI interface uses a 50-pin, 68-pin, or 80-pin connector.

Digital Representation
Within a computer, information is represented and stored in a digital binary format.
The term bit is an abbreviation of binary digit and represents the smallest piece of
data. Humans interpret words and pictures; computers interpret only patterns of
bits.
Binary Digit

A bit can have only two possible values, a one digit (1) or a zero digit (0). A bit can
be used to represent the state of something that has two states. For example, a light

19
switch can be either On or Off; in binary representation, these states would
correspond to 1 and 0, respectively.
Computers use binary codes to represent and interpret letters, numbers and
special characters with bits. A commonly used code is the American Standard Code
for Information Interchange (ASCII). With ASCII, each character is represented by a
string of bits.

For example: Capital letter: A = 01000001

Number: 9 = 00001001
Special character: # = 00100011

Each group of eight bits, such as the representations of letters and numbers, is
known as a byte. Codes can be used to represent almost any type of information
digitally: computer data, graphics, photos, voice, video, and music.
CONVERT DECIMAL NUMBERS TO BINARY

To convert a decimal number to binary, all you have to do is divide the number by
2. Get the quotient and the remainder. Bring down the quotient, divide it by 2, and
get the quotient and remainder again. Do it repeatedly until the quotient results to
0. Copy the remainder from bottom to top, and that is the binary equivalent.

Example: 25
Quotient Remainder

25/2 12 1

12/2 6 0
6/2 3 0

3/2 1 1
1/2 0 1
25 = 11001

Checking: 1 1 0 0 1 multiplier
16 8 4 2 1 equivalents
16 8 0 0 1 results

16+8+1 = 25

CALCULATING DATA STORAGE

While a bit is the smallest representation of data, the most basic unit of digital
storage is the byte. A byte is 8 bits and is the smallest unit of measure (UOM) used
to represent data storage capacity.
When referring to storage space, we use the terms bytes (B), kilobytes (KB),
megabytes (MB), gigabytes (GB), and terabytes (TB).
Quantities of bytes
Common prefix Binary prefix
Name Symbol Decimal Binary Name Symbol Binary

20
 SI JEDEC IEC
kilobyte KB/kb 10³ 210 kilobyte KiB 210
megabyte MB 106 220 megabyte MiB 220
gigabyte GB 109 230 gigabyte GiB 230
terabyte TB 1012 240 terabyte TiB 240
petabyte PB 1015 250 petabyte PiB 250
exabyte EB 1018 260 exabyte EiB 260
zettabyte ZB 1021 270 zettabyte ZiB 270
yottabyte YB 1024 280 yottabyte YiB 280
One kilobyte is a little more than one thousand bytes, specifically 1,024. A
megabyte represents more than a million bytes or 1,048,576. A gigabyte is
1,073,741,824 bytes. A terabyte is 1,099,511,627,776. The exact number is gained
by taking 2^n power.
In general, when something is represented digitally, the greater the detail, the greater
the number of bits needed to represent it. A low-resolution picture from a digital
camera will use around 360KB, and a high-resolution picture could use 2 MB or
more.
Kilobytes, megabytes, gigabytes, and terabytes are typically used to measure the size
or storage capacity of a device. Examples of components and devices that use byte
storage include: random access memory (RAM), hard disk drive space, CDs, DVDs,
and MP3 players.
Once we know the size of a file or folder, it is possible to determine the number of
bytes being used.
For example:
A file is 20 KB in size
1 KB = 1,024 Bytes
20 * 1,024 = 20,480 bytes in a 20 KB file
If a 20 KB file is stored in a 1 MB folder (1 MB = 1,048,576 bytes of space); then
approximately a total of 51 files of the same size can be stored in that folder
(1,048,576 / 20,480 = 51.2).

Directions: Using the table below, convert the following decimal numbers to their
binary equivalent. Write answer in your notebook.

1. Decimal number 27
Place
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
value
Binary
Digit

2. Decimal number 56

21
 Place
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
value
Binary
Digit

3. Decimal number 97
Place
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
value
Binary
Digit

4. Decimal number 133

Place
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
value
Binary
Digit

5. Decimal 212
Place
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
value
Binary
Digit

Directions: Identify Convert the decimal numbers shown below to binary. Perform
checking to verify answers. Write answer in your notebook.
1) 19

2) 28

3) 37

4) 128

5) 54

22
 MODULE 4

Technology and Livelihood Education (TLE) is one of the nomenclature in the

implementation of the K to 12 Basic Education Program (BEP) composed of four
components namely: Agri-Fishery Arts, Home Economics, Industrial Arts and
Information and Communication Technology (ICT). In this module, the focus is on
an ICT mini-course – Computer Hardware Servicing.

This Module is an exploratory course which leads you to Computer System Servicing
National Certificate Level II (NC II). It covers the common competencies that a Grade
7 / Grade 8 Technology and Livelihood Education (TLE) student like you ought to
possess.

The module is divided into seven lessons, namely:

Lesson 4 – Prepare/ make changes to electrical/ electronic schematic and drawings

(TLE_IACSS9- 12PITD-IIh-i15)

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. draw and identify correctly electrical/ electronic schematic
2. identify correct drawing; select and use equipment in accordance with job
requirements.

Prepare/ make changes to

Lesson
electrical/ electronic schematics
4
and drawings

Schematic Diagram Defined

A schematic diagram is a picture that represents the components of a

process, device, or other object using abstract, often standardized symbols and lines.
Schematic diagrams are typically associated with electrical circuits. Also
called wiring diagrams or circuit diagrams, these diagrams show how the different
components of a circuit are connected

23
 What is schematic diagram used for?
The schematic diagram is used to trace the circuit and its functions without
regard to the actual physical size, shape, or location of the component devices or
parts.

Electrical Schematics
Electrical Symbols are small drawings or pictograms used to represent various
electrical devices in a diagram or plan of an electrical circuit. These symbols are used
in sketching schematic diagrams and electrical plans for numerous types of electrical
works. Practically any electrical fixture found in a house has a symbol that coincides
to said fixture on an electrical wiring diagram. These are very useful guide for an
electrician or electrical contractor, thus, making the wiring easier to install as well.

Electronic schematics represent the most detailed category of electronic drawings.

They depict every component in a circuit, the component's technical information
(such as its ratings), and how each component is wired into the circuit. Electronic
schematics use symbols for each component found in an electrical circuit, no matter
how small. The schematics do not show placement or scale, merely function and
flow.
Electrical/Electronics Schematic Symbols
Component Symbols Component Symbols
Battery NPN Transistor

Switch PNP Transistor

Voltmeter Fuse

Diode Electrical Wire

Ground Inductor

Capacitor LED

AC Voltage Ammeter
Source
Wattmeter Resistor

Electrical/Electronics Schematic Functions

Component Symbols Functions
Battery Supplies electrical charge form larger
terminal

Switch an electrical component that is used for

breaking or making a circuit.
Voltmeter Use to measure voltage

24
 Diode Allow the current in one direction

An electrical circuit represents a common

Ground references point from where the voltages are
measure and it is the return path for all the
current.
Capacitor A passive electrical that stores energy in the
form of electric field.

AC Voltage Source It will supply current to the circuits element

Wattmeter Measure electric power

A P-type doped semi-conductor material is

NPN Transistor
place in between two N-type Semi-conductor
materials
A N-type doped semi-conductor material is
PNP Transistor
place in between two P-type Semi-conductor
materials.
an electrical safety device that operates to
Fuse provide overcurrent protection of an
electrical circuit.
Electrical Wire Conductor of electrical current

also called a coil, choke, or reactor, is a

Inductor passive two-terminal electrical component
that stores energy in a magnetic field when
electric current flows through it.
Emits light when current flows through
LED

Used to measure current

Ammeter

Example of Schematic Diagram

25
Directions: Identify the following symbols below. Write your answer on a separate
sheet of paper.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Directions: Draw the schematic symbol of the following electronic components.

Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

Electronic Component Schematic Symbol

NPN Transistor
Battery
Capacitor
PNP transistor
Diode

26
 MODULE 5

Technology and Livelihood Education (TLE) is one of the nomenclature in the

implementation of the K to 12 Basic Education Program (BEP) composed of four
components namely: Agri-Fishery Arts, Home Economics, Industrial Arts and
Information and Communication Technology (ICT). In this module, the focus is on
an ICT mini-course – Computer Hardware Servicing.

This Module is an exploratory course which leads you to Computer System Servicing
National Certificate Level II (NC II). It covers the common competencies that a Grade
7 / Grade 8 Technology and Livelihood Education (TLE) student like you ought to
possess.

The module is divided into seven lessons, namely:

Lesson 5 – Terminating and Connecting Electrical Wiring and Electronics Circuit
(TCEW)
Plan and Prepare for Termination/ Connection of Electrical Wiring/ Electronic
Circuit - TLE_IACSS9- 12TCEW-IIIef-21

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. check materials according to specifications and tasks
2. select appropriate tools and equipment according to task requirements
3. follow planned task to ensure OHS guidelines and procedure
4. prepare electrical wiring/electronics circuits correctly for
connecting/terminating in accordance with instruction and work site
procedures.

27
 Plan and Prepare for Termination/
Lesson
Connection of Electrical Wiring/
5
Electronic Circuit

BASIC ELECTRONIC HAND TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT IN ELECTRONICS

Technicians in olden days could get along with a set of screw drivers, long
nose, side cutter and soldering pencil in troubleshooting. But now a days, with the
arrival of the new circuit technology and microcircuit is being introduced in the
industry, troubleshooting the problem is very complex. Without the knowledge and
aid of the multi tester and other sophisticated equipment such as regulated power
supply, signal generator and oscilloscope, troubleshooting is impossible.

Electrical/Electronic Tool Functions

Tools
used for holding, bending,
and stretching the lead of
Long Nose Pliers electronics component or
connecting wire.

used for cutting or trimming

of connecting wires or
Side Cutter Pliers
terminal leads in the circuit
board.

used to drive or fasten

Flat Screwdriver
negative slotted screws

used to drive or fasten

Philips Screwdriver
positive slotted screws

used to unsoldered
unwanted parts or
Desoldering Tool component in the circuit
with the support of
soldering pencil.

28
 a device for applying heat to
melt solder in attaching two
metal parts. A soldering iron
Soldering Iron
is composed of a heated
metal tip and an insulated
handle.
a place where the soldering
iron is placed during usage.
This will keep the soldering
iron away from flammable
Soldering Tool Stand
materials. The stand often
comes with a sponge used in
cleaning the tip of the
soldering iron.

used for measuring

Multi-tester resistance, voltage and
current

Wire is a single, usually cylindrical, flexible strand or rod of metal. Wires are used to
bear mechanical loads or electricity and telecommunications signals. Wire is
commonly formed by drawing the metal through a hole in a die or draw plate.
Cable is an assembly of one or more wires running side by side or bundled, which
is used to carry electric current.
Splicing is the process of combining two lengths of wires so they can carry a current.

Soldering is one of the key processes in the manufacture of electronic equipment.

Soldering allows electronic components to be electrically joined

Types of Electrical Splices/joints

a. Rat tail Joint. This kind of joint is commonly

used to join two or more conductors inside the
junction box.

b. Knotted Tap- This is used where the tap wire is

under heavy tensile stress
c. Western union short tie- This is the most
widely used splice or joint in interior wiring
installation to extend the length of wire from one
point to another
d. Y-splice. This method of wrapping is generally
used on small cables because the strands are flexible
and all can be wrapped in one operation

29
 e. Plain tap joint. This is used where the tap wire is
under considerable tensile stress circuit.

f. Cross joint. The same application is done as in

plain tap and the only difference is that this tap is a
combination of two plain taps place side by side with
each other
g. Wrapped Tap or Tee Joint. This is used on large
solid conductors where it is difficult to wrap the
heavy tap wire around the main wire.

Steps in splicing a rat tail joint

1. Strip the wire insulator at the ends
of the conductor to be joined at about
50 mm. Clean both wires to be joined.
2. Place the two ends of bare wire in
crossed position.
3. Then, twist the bare conductors about five to seven times.
Steps in splicing aerial tap joint
1. Strip the tap wire end about 75 mm. and the main wire end about 25 mm.
2. Place the wires in crossed position intersecting about 5 mm from the insulation of
the tap wire and the main wire.
3. Bend the tap wire over the main wire making a long twist
4. Turn the tap wire around the main wire making four to five turns

Directions: Identify the following electrical splices/joints. Write your

answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. 3. .

2. 4.

5.

30
Directions: Answer the crossword puzzle below. Write your answer on a separate
sheet of paper.

31
 MODULE 6

Technology and Livelihood Education (TLE) is one of the nomenclature in the

implementation of the K to 12 Basic Education Program (BEP) composed of four
components namely: Agri-Fishery Arts, Home Economics, Industrial Arts and
Information and Communication Technology (ICT). In this module, the focus is on
an ICT mini-course – Computer Hardware Servicing.

This Module is an exploratory course which leads you to Computer System Servicing
National Certificate Level II (NC II). It covers the common competencies that a Grade
7 / Grade 8 Technology and Livelihood Education (TLE) student like you ought to
possess.

The module is divided into seven lessons, namely:

Lesson 6 – Plan an approach for components testing (TLE_IACSS9-12TEC-IVc-e-25)
After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. identify various testing methods based on types of electronic components

2. determine characteristics and appropriateness of testing methods to be
used during development and on completion
3. consider/select testing methods in relation to appropriate testing strategy
4. develop plan for testing components at specified points during development
and on completion
5. prepare and check required test and measuring instruments and tools in
accordance with established procedures
6. establish records system to document testing results, including problems
and faults.

Plan and Prepare for Termination/

Lesson
Connection of Electrical Wiring/
6
Electronic Circuit

TESTING METHODS FOR ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS

Automated test equipment’s are used by the electronics manufacturing
industries. It gives you basic idea and clarification over Automated test Equipment
or Automatic test Equipment. The device which is tested by the ATE is called as DUT
(device under test) or UUT (unit under test), this automated test equipment contains

32
a computer operated machine tool with software to perform device test and
performance analysis.
Watch this video for additional information about automated Testing
https://youtu.be/gEci8HiDln8
Inspecting electronic components is through x-ray inspection. X-ray inspections
compare the internal structure of incoming components against a sample of an
authentic item. You’d be surprised, but while counterfeit may pass for the real deal
with our naked eyes, counterfeit devices actually differ in their internal structure,
like having different die frames or different wire bonding.
Watch this video for additional information about Inspection
Method https://youtu.be/Zjiy8nWqhuQ

A common test platform (CTP), also called an open test standard (OTS), is a set of
specifications defining test methods for diverse components of computer and
electronic systems to be marketed as complete products.
Watch this video for additional information about platform method
https://youtu.be/-2qYst1yzLI
A prototype is an early sample, model, or release of a product built to test a
concept or process or to act as a thing to be replicated or learned from. It is a term
used in a variety of contexts, including semantics, design, electronics, and software
programming.
Watch this video for additional information about prototyping
method https://youtu.be/jgM9CFe8QHE
Characteristics of Prototype Testing:
● Conducted with the intent of finding defects in the software prior to its
implementation.
● It assesses the design and other important components of the product.
● Validates its usefulness and ensures it meets user requirements efficiently.
● Offers corroboration regarding the product, its design, branding, and more,
which allows the team to validate that they are moving in the correct
direction.
● It is most effective during iterative testing, as it allows the team to make
necessary changes and to ensure that issues do not arise in the course of
software implementation.

Debugging is the process of detecting and removing of

existing and potential errors (also called as ‘bugs’) in a
software code that can cause it to behave unexpectedly
or crash. To prevent incorrect operation of a software or
system, debugging is used to find and resolve bugs or
defects.
Watch this video for additional information about debugging method.
https://youtu.be/4UsP3urlK_w
Testing Strategies
Passive testing- Passive testing is a software testing technique that observes the
system without interaction. Passive electronic components are those that don’t have

33
the ability to control electric current by means of another electrical signal.
Examples of passive electronic components are capacitors, resistors, inductors,
transformers, and some diodes.
Dynamic testing
Dynamic Testing is a kind of software testing technique using which the dynamic
behavior of the code is analyzed.
Electronics tests place a wide range of performance demands on test equipment for
static and dynamic test equipment. The equipment is used to validate new designs,
improve manufacturing processes and prove the quality of end products.
Mechanical testing requirements involve static, dynamic and fatigue testing in
tensile, compression, shear test modes. • Testing the mechanical endurance and
integrity of electronics components and assemblies is important to validate
designs, improve manufacturing, and ensure the reliability of final products.
In-circuit testing
In circuit test equipment provides a useful and efficient form of printed circuit
board test by measuring each component in turn to check that it is in place and of
the correct value. As most faults on a board arise out of the manufacturing process
and usually consist of short circuits, open circuits or wrong components, this form
of testing catches most of the problems on a board. These can easily be checked
using simple measurements or resistance, capacitance, and sometimes inductance
between two points on the circuit board.

Directions. Search the following testing methods and testing strategies of electronic
component.

34
Directions: The letters of the words below are jumbled. Figure out the word and
write your answer on separate sheet of paper.

1. REPORFEMANC
2. UBSG EDECTOIN
3. UNCFINOATILY
4. RAEILIBILTY
5. NIETROERPEIBILYT

1. The action or process of carrying out or accomplishing an action, task, or

function.
2. It is the process of looking for error and bugs in electronics.
3. The range of operations that can be run on a computer or other electronic
system.
4. The quality of being trustworthy or of performing consistently well
5. The ability of computer systems or software to exchange and make use of
information.

35
 MODULE 7

Technology and Livelihood Education (TLE) is one of the nomenclature in the

implementation of the K to 12 Basic Education Program (BEP) composed of four
components namely: Agri-Fishery Arts, Home Economics, Industrial Arts and
Information and Communication Technology (ICT). In this module, the focus is on
an ICT mini-course – Computer Hardware Servicing.

This Module is an exploratory course which leads you to Computer System Servicing
National Certificate Level II (NC II). It covers the common competencies that a Grade
7 / Grade 8 Technology and Livelihood Education (TLE) student like you ought to
possess.

The module is divided into seven lessons, namely:

Lesson 7 – Test components (TLE_IACSS9-12TECO-IVf-h-26)

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. apply appropriate testing methods to electronic components in accordance with
technical specifications
2. detect and record problems and faults by testing
3. document remedial steps
4. resolve detected problems and faults during testing in accordance with agreed
project or industry practice
5. evaluate final products against the determined criteria
6. submit to relevant personnel the documented and summarized evaluation report
of the testing process.

Lesson
7
Test Components

Electronic gadgets have become an integral part of our lives. They have made
our lives more comfortable and convenient. From aviation to medical and healthcare

36
industries, electronic gadgets have a wide range of applications in the modern
world. In fact, the electronics revolution and the computer revolution go hand in
hand.
Testing electronic component is essential skills even you are a beginner or
professional technician most especially when you troubleshoot, repair and perform
maintenance procedures to check if electronic gadgets are still in good condition.
TESTING ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS
To ensure the quality, performance, and serviceability of the components we can
perform testing procedures. All testing process/procedures must have criteria to
follow.
Criteria for Testing Electronic Components
1. Follow Occupational Health and Safety Procedures
As a technician or a worker, you should be oriented with the safety procedures in
the workplace. Here are general safety precautions to follow when testing electronic
components.
● Disconnect the power source before checking, servicing, repairing or installing
electrical equipment and devices.
● Always select the higher value in Digital or Analog Multitester, and then,
gradually reduce it to the proper value.
● Never try to work on electricity without proper guidance and care
● Read all instruction and cautions and follow them strictly.
2. Obtaining the Job Order
Before accomplishing task/job it is important to have a job order. A job order is a
form containing specifications of a task to do and it usually includes instructions,
date, and time to execute the order, address or location of the worksite, the name of
the client and his contacts, and the name of the technician. Either you’re a test
personnel in an industry or a technician in a shop, testing always uses the job order
or the client requirements as the guide.

If you are working in a manufacturing industry of electronics components, the

responsible personnel or the supervisor in your technical department gives you the
work instructions in a form of job orders to specify the task to do.
On the other hand, testing on repair shops sometimes refers to job orders given by
the clients or customers. It is the client who gives the job, but most of the time,
technicians already know what to do if the shop is already following standardized
procedures.
3. Communicating or Reporting of the Desired Method to Use.
Before performing the desired method / procedure for testing the component, you
must communicate or report it to the supervisor or to the person in charge to verify
or approve the plan/procedure to ensure an efficient workflow and success of the
testing procedure.
37
4. Using the Appropriate Method
When a method and tools are approved for testing, it is considered the most
appropriate method and tools to use. The selection of the methods and tools is
usually based on the component’s specification and manufacturer’s instructions.
This is a standard practice among industries, which aims to produce quality
services, efficient workflow, effective tools, and safe working environments.
5. Recording the Test Process
The testing does not only require complying with the job order, consulting to the
responsible personnel, selecting the efficient method, or preparing effective tools. It
also requires recording the test process for evaluation purposes. The technician must
identify or document the testing process performed and record technical problem
encountered for an accurate data gathering and evaluation.

PLANNING FOR TESTING ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS

Planning is a must before any action. Without a plan, a test process will fail, or will
not meet the job order or client requirements.
1. Prepare tools to be used in testing component
Always choose the right tool for a right job.
One of the most tool used to test electronic component is the multimeter or a
multitester, also known as a VOM (volt-ohm-milliammeter), is an electronic
measuring instrument that combines several measurement functions in one unit. A
typical multimeter can measure voltage, current, and resistance.
Types of Multitester
▪ Analog multitester use a microammeter with a moving pointer to display
readings.
▪ Digital multitester (DMM, DVOM) have a numeric display, and may
also show a graphical bar representing the measured value.
o Always remember to check the selected tools for functionality and
serviceability conditions.
o Always use personal protective equipment and be mindful of the things that
bring hazards to your health.

2. Make a Test Plan

● To identify when to start and end the testing procedure considering the job
order given by your supervisor.
● Test plan contains methods to use, the tools needed, and the amount of time
to finish the job. If everything is ready and set, then it is time to start the job.

38
 BASIC TESTING METHODS (The four (4) Basic Testing Methods)
Manufacturing industries and repair shops of computer electronic components use
various methods/procedures depending on the specific task or component to be
tested.
1. Continuity Test - A continuity test is a quick check to see if a circuit is open or
closed. Only a closed, complete circuit (one that is switched ON) has continuity.
Continuity is the presence of a complete path for current flow. A circuit is complete
when its switch is closed.
Continuity testing determines:

✔ If a fuse is good or blown.

✔ If conductors are open or shorted.
✔ If switches are operating properly.
✔ If circuit paths are clear (accomplished by
circuit or conductor tracing).
Continuity testing should be attempted only
when voltage is NOT present in the circuit
being tested.
☐ Continuity Test Procedure using Digital Multimeter/Multitester
1. Turn the dial to Continuity Test mode. It will likely share a spot on the dial
with one or more functions, usually resistance (Ω). With the test probes
separated, the multimeter’s display may show OL and Ω.
2. If required, press the continuity button.
3. First insert the black test lead into the COM jack.
4. Then insert the red lead into the VΩ jack. When finished, remove the leads in
reverse order: red first, then black.
5. With the circuit de-energized, connect the test leads across the component
being tested. The position of the test leads is arbitrary. Note that the
component may need to be isolated from other components in the circuit.
6. The digital multimeter (DMM) beeps if a complete path (continuity) is detected.
If the circuit is open (the switch is in the OFF position), the DMM will not beep.
7. When finished, turn the multimeter OFF to preserve battery life.

2. Voltage or Current Test - A method used to detect losses or increase in

voltage. If a power supply is expected to give a 220 volts output, it should give the
right amount of voltage. Higher or lower than specified is considered defective.
This test is usually done with the use of a MULTITESTER, or a POWER SUPPLY
TESTER.
3. Performance Test - This method is done to validate if the electronic
component performs as specified by the manufacturer. For example, if a
processor is intended to run with a HYPERTHREADING capabilities, then it
should work as expected. This test is usually done with the use of software and
utilities. An example of this is the software called “Performance Test”. You can
run this software directly from a USB storage. This software is capable of testing
various hardware performances.
4. Diagnostic Test - This method is done to detect faults and problems. For
example, if a computer keeps on beeping at startup, then there should be a fault
or problem with the peripheral components or the motherboard itself. This test
is usually done with the use of a Diagnostic Cards or PC ANALYZER.

39
Directions: List down the 3 important forms to consider and accomplished when
planning and performing testing electronic components.

1.
2.

3.

Directions: Read and understand the situation and arrange the procedure in
chronological order by writing the numbers 1-7 before each statement/step.

Situation: You are a computer technician, the job order given to you by your
supervisor stated that you need to check the continuity of the component specifically
a capacitor and a fuse. With this, you need to follow continuity test procedure in
performing the task.

Arrange the procedure to follow when testing the continuity of a component

using digital multimeter.
1 Then insert the red lead into the VΩ jack.
2 With the circuit de-energized, connect the test leads across the component
being tested.
3 When the digital multimeter (DMM) beeps if a complete path (continuity) is
detected.
4 Turn the dial to Continuity Test mode
5 If required, press the continuity button
6 First insert the black test lead into the COM jack.
7 Turn the multimeter OFF to preserve battery life.

40
Directions: Read each question carefully, Select the letter of the correct answer.
Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper
1. Johnny needs to fix the motherboard of computer. He needs to remove the screw,
but his hand didn’t fit. Which tool is appropriate to used?
a. Part Retriever c. Cable ties
b. Lint-free Cloth d. Flat head screwdriver
2. Which is TRUE about good practices of proper storage of tools, parts and
equipment?
a. Parts should be properly set.
b. Productivity is decreased and increased.
c. Tools should be properly placed on the board, and labelled.
d. Productivity is increased because time is not wasted looking for tools.
3. Mr. James needs to design an invitation card. What type of computer program is
suitable for making invitation card?
a. MS-Publisher c. Simulation
b. Media player d. MS-Excel
4. Ricky wants to find a faulty component in his computer, he checked it with the
other computers so that he can make sure whether the fault is in the component or
not. What kind of troubleshooting Ricky performed?
a. Check cables c. Trial and error
b. Hardware settings d. Event viewer
5. The students of grade 7 – Diamond were instructed to have a computerized project
in their TLE class. Dom wasn’t able to make the project because of his part time job.
He asks Jhong if it’s okay to copy his project to his computer. What type of storage
drive can they use to help them copy the files?
a. Floppy drive c. Hard Drive
b. Flash drive d. Optical Drive

6. This symbol is an electrical circuit represents a common reference point

from where the voltages are measure, and it is the return path for all the current.
This symbol also known as .
a. Battery c. DC Current Source
b. Ground d. A Voltmeter
7. Rat tail, Knotted tap, Western Union short Tie, Plain Tap Joint are examples of
splices and joints in electrical. What splices/joints that commonly used to join
two or more conductors inside the junction box.
a. Rat tail c. Western Union Short Tie
b. Knotted Tap d. Plain Tap Joint
8. Careful examination by an official to make certain that something is in
good condition, or that rules are being obeyed.
a. Automated Testing c. Inspection
b. Prototyping d. Debugging

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9. The determination of a digital signal's frequency and waveshape is best
accomplished with which test equipment?
a. an oscilloscope c. a spectrum analyzer
b. a multimeter d. a frequency generator
10. What type of testing method is used detect if there are loses or increase in
voltage on a power supply?
a. Continuity Test c. Performance Test
b. Diagnostic Test d. Voltage

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