Handouts in Physical Science

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Handouts in Physical Science

Mechanics- field of physics that specializes in the study of motion of objects


Mechanics is divided into 2
1. Kinematics- deals with quantitative description of motion
2. Dynamics focuses on the forces that affect motion
Motion- Any physical movement or change in position or place relative to a reference point
Rectilinear Motion- when a body moves along a straight line path
Curvilinear Motion -If a body moves along a curve path
Random Motion- If a body move in space
Distance- The length of the path traversed by a body
Displacement – shortest distance from the initial to the final position
Scalar Quantity – it has magnitude only
Vector Quantity- has both magnitude and direction
Speed- the measure of how fast an object is moving.
Velocity- a vector quantity and is defined as the rate of change of displacement
Acceleration- the rate of change in velocity per unit time interval
3 Newton’s Law of Motion
1. Newton’s first law of motion (Law of Inertia)- states that an object will continue in its state of rest
or in motion in a straight line at a constant speed if no net force acts on it
2. Newton’s second law of motion (Law of acceleration) -states that the acceleration produced by
a net force on a body is directly proportional to the magnitude of the net force, in the same direction
as the net, and inversely proportional to the mass of the body.
3. Newton’s third law of motion (Law of Interaction or Law of action reaction) states that for
every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
Inertia is the resistance of a body to change its state of rest or uniform motion. The mass is measure of its
inertia tendency of a body to maintain its state of rest or of uniform speed along a straight line.
Mass is a measure of the actual material present in a body./Amount of material present in a body.
Weight gravitational force that acts on the material of the body.
The acceleration due to gravity of a free falling objects is equal to 9.8m/s 2

Force is that which changes the state of rest or in uniform motion of an object.

Formulas:
Speed S=d d=s x t t=d distance time V=d with direction
velocity
t S t

acceleration Force weight


a=Vf-Vi F= mxa W=mxg (9.8m/s2)
t

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