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Cambridge International Examinations

Cambridge International Advanced Subsidiary and Advanced Level
*5020590252*

CHEMISTRY 9701/52
Paper 5 Planning, Analysis and Evaluation October/November 2018
 1 hour 15 minutes
Candidates answer on the Question Paper.
No Additional Materials are required.

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in.
Write in dark blue or black pen.
You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid.
DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES.

Answer all questions.

Electronic calculators may be used.
You may lose marks if you do not show your working or if you do not use appropriate units.
Use of a Data Booklet is unnecessary.

At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.

This document consists of 11 printed pages and 1 blank page.

IB18 11_9701_52/9RP
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1 A sample of waste water contains calcium ions, copper(II) ions and lead(II) ions.

You are to plan an experimental procedure to separate the metal ions in the waste water sample by
forming precipitates of the metal ions.

The table shows the numerical values of the solubility products, Ksp, of some compounds.
For example, the solubility product of calcium chloride, Ksp = [Ca2+][Cl –]2 = 2 × 101 mol3 dm–9.
The smaller the solubility product, the easier it is for a precipitate to form.

Ksp values
Cl – CO32– S2–
Ca2+ 2 × 101 5 × 10–9 3 × 10–10
Cu2+ 1 × 101 3 × 10–10 6 × 10–36
Pb2+ 2 × 10–5 7 × 10–14 3 × 10–28

You are provided with

● a sample of waste water containing Ca2+(aq), Cu2+(aq) and Pb2+(aq),

● HCl (aq),
● (NH4)2CO3(aq),
● (NH4)2S(aq).

No other reagents should be used. Standard laboratory equipment is available.

(a) T
 he flowchart below is provided to plan the order of steps for the separation by filtration of the
precipitates from the sample of waste water.

Complete the flowchart. For each step state the reagent added and the substance(s) removed
by filtration.

step 1 step 2 step 3

reagent added reagent added reagent added

HCl (aq)
.................................. .................................. ..................................

sample neutralise
of waste
water substance(s) substance(s) substance(s)
removed by filtration removed by filtration removed by filtration

.................................. .................................. ..................................

.................................. .................................. ..................................

[3]

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(b) After the substances formed in each step in (a) have been removed by filtration, a further drop
of the reagent used for that step is added to the waste water sample.

Suggest why this is necessary.

.....................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................... [1]

(c) Between steps 1 and 2, the waste water sample is neutralised. This is so that steps 2 and 3 will
work.

Suggest a reagent that should be added to neutralise the waste water sample. State how you
could test that the waste water sample had been neutralised.

reagent .......................................................................................................................................

test ..............................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................................
[2]

A student completes the reactions in (a) with a sample of waste water and obtains one of the
precipitates produced, XCO3.

(d) The student plans to calculate the concentration of X2+ ions present in this sample of waste
water by measuring the mass loss on heating the freshly filtered sample of XCO3(s).

(i) Draw and label a diagram of the experimental set-up the student should use.
Your diagram should show how loss of solid during heating would be prevented.

 [2]

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The student weighs the XCO3 precipitate and records its mass. The student then heats the
precipitate strongly for five minutes and weighs it again. The student records the difference in
mass and from this calculates [X2+].

The precipitate thermally decomposes according to the following equation.

heat
XCO3(s) XO(s) + CO2(g)

(ii) Identify two problems with this method. Explain the effect that each problem has on the
calculated concentration of X2+.

problem 1 .............................................................................................................................

effect 1 .................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................

problem 2 .............................................................................................................................

effect 2 .................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................
[4]

 [Total: 12]

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2  he hydrolysis of urea, (NH2)2CO, Mr = 60, is shown by the equation. The reaction is catalysed by
T
the enzyme urease, when present in low concentrations.

(NH2)2CO + 2H2O 2NH4+ + CO32–

 he formation of the NH4+ and CO32– ions increases the conductivity of the solution. The increase
T
in conductivity over time can be measured and the rate of hydrolysis can be determined from this.

A student plans to carry out this reaction using a 50 cm3 sample of 5.00 × 10–3 mol dm–3 urea solution.

(a) The 5.00 × 10–3 mol dm–3 urea solution cannot be accurately prepared by dissolving urea in
50.0 cm3 of water. A more concentrated solution is first prepared. This is then diluted to make
the solution of the required concentration.

(i) Suggest why diluting a more concentrated solution is a more accurate method of preparing
this solution than by dissolving urea in 50.0 cm3 of water.

..............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................ [1]

(ii) 
Describe how you would accurately prepare exactly 100 cm3 of 5.00 × 10–3 mol dm–3
urea solution, starting with 3.00 g of solid urea. Your method should use more than one
volumetric flask, including one of capacity 1000 cm3, and other suitable equipment.

..............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................ [3]

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(b) A student added a small amount of urease to a 50.0 cm3 sample of the solution made in
(a)(ii). The conductivity of the solution was measured. The student obtained the results shown
in the table. The student forgot to record the conductivity at 150 s. Conductivity is measured in
μS cm–1.

time, t conductivity
/s / μS cm–1
0 0
30 55
60 110
90 160
120 215
150 –
180 320
210 375
240 425
270 480
300 530

(i) Plot a graph on the grid to show the relationship between time t and conductivity.

Use a cross (×) to plot each data point. Draw the straight line of best fit. [2]

(ii)
Use the graph to determine the gradient of the best-fit line. State the co-ordinates of both
points you used in your calculation.
Give your answer to three significant figures.

co-ordinates 1 ............................................. co-ordinates 2 ..............................................

 gradient = .............................. μS cm–1 s–1

[2]
(iii) Use your graph to determine the conductivity of the solution at t = 150 s.

 conductivity at 150 s = .............................. μS cm–1 [1]

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600

550

500

450

400

350

conductivity
300
/ μS cm–1

250

200

150

100

50

0
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
t/s

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(c) In another experiment, a student added a small amount of urease to 50.0 cm3 samples of urea
of various concentrations and measured their conductivity until hydrolysis was complete.

(i) Sketch a graph on the axes below to show the variation in conductivity in one such
experiment.

Explain the shape of your graph as hydrolysis reaches completion.

conductivity

time

..............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................
[2]

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 rom their results, the student plotted the calibration graph, shown below, of final conductivity
F
of solution against initial concentration of urea.

600

500

400

final
conductivity 300
/ μS cm–1

200

100

0
0.00 1.00 × 10–4 2.00 × 10–4 3.00 × 10–4
initial concentration of urea / mol dm–3

You are going to determine the average rate of hydrolysis over the first 150 s of the experiment
in (b).

(ii) Use the calibration graph to determine the initial concentration of urea that would give the
same final conductivity as your answer to (b)(iii).
(If you were unable to obtain an answer to (b)(iii) you should use the value of 350 μS cm–1.
This is not the correct value.)

 initial concentration of urea = .............................. mol dm–3 [1]

(iii) Use your answer to (c)(ii) to calculate the average rate of hydrolysis of urea during the first
150 s. Determine the units of the rate of hydrolysis.

 rate of hydrolysis = .............................. units = .............................. [2]

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(d) The student repeats the experiment in (b) using a different low concentration of urea solution.

The student measures the conductivity of the solution for 300 s.

At 300 s, the student adds 1.0 cm3 of 0.05 mol dm–3 aqueous silver nitrate, AgNO3(aq). The
measured conductivity of the solution immediately increases.

AgNO3(aq) is known to prevent the enzyme urease from hydrolysing urea.

Using the axes below, sketch a graph to show how the conductivity of the solution changes
during this experiment.

Extend the graph beyond the point at which AgNO3(aq) is added at 300 s.

conductivity

0
0 300
time / s
[3]

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(e) The following information gives some of the hazards associated with the chemicals used in the
procedure.

silver nitrate Solutions equal to or more concentrated than 0.18 mol dm–3
are classified as corrosive and hazardous for the aquatic
environment; solutions equal to or more concentrated than
0.06 mol dm–3 but less concentrated than 0.18 mol dm–3 are
classified as moderate hazard and hazardous for the
aquatic environment; solutions less concentrated than
0.06 mol dm–3 are classified as hazardous for the aquatic
environment.

urea All solutions are low hazard.

urease Concentrated solutions may produce allergic reactions.

They can cause asthma and irritate the eyes, nose and skin.
Dilute solutions are low hazard.

Describe one relevant precaution, other than eye protection and a lab coat, that should be
taken to keep the risk associated with the chemicals used to a minimum. Explain your answer.

precaution ...................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................................

explanation .................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................................
[1]

 [Total: 18]

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