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Pcal Tutorial 01

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26 views5 pages

Pcal Tutorial 01

Uploaded by

prakharb906
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CHO103 PROCESS CALCULATIONS

TUTORIAL 01: MATERIAL BALANCE

1.1 A multiple stage evaporator concentrates a weak NaOH solution from 3 wt% to 18 wt% and
processes 2000 kg of feed solution per day. How much product is made per day. How much water is
evaporated per day.

1.2 A stream of 100 kg/h of brackish water consists of 0.05 mass fraction salt and 0.95 mass fraction
water. Molecular weight of salt is 58.5. Calculate the molar flow rate of stream and mol% salt in it.

1.3 Suppose that sea water containing 0.035 mass fraction salt is evaporated to produce 1000 kg/h
pure water. Determine the mass flow rate of inlet sea water required if corrosion considerations limit
the waste brine mass fraction to 0.07.

1.4 A feedstock available at the rate of 1000 mol/h and consisting of 20 mol% propane, 30 mol%
isobutane, 20 mol% isopentane, and 30 mol% n-pentane is to be separated in two fractions by
distillation. Distillate contains all of propane fed to the unit and 80 mol% of isopentane fed to the unit.
The mole fraction of isobutane in the distillate is 0.4. The bottom product contains all the n-pentane
fed to the unit. Calculate complete distillate and bottom analysis.
1.5 In the Bayer process alumina in bauxite ore is reacted with NaOH and NaAlO2 is formed which is
water soluble. The other minerals in bauxite ore are not water soluble and thus can be easily removed.
The feed slurry (obtained after reaction of bauxite ore with NaOH) consists of 10 wt% solids, 11 wt%
NaOH, 16 wt% NaAlO2, and rest water. It is washed with wash water which contains 2 wt% NaOH.
After washing settling is carried out and the decanted solution contains 95 wt% water. The settled
mud contains 20 wt% solids. How much NaAlO2 is recovered in the decanted solution if slurry is fed at
a rate of 1000 kg/h.

1.6 TiO2 pigment is used in the paint and paper industry. 4000 kg/h dry TiO2 pigment is to be produced.
TiO2 precipitate suspended in an aqueous salt solution is to be purified of salt so that the final product
contains on a water free basis at most 100 parts per million of salt. The salt removal is to be
accomplished by washing the precipitate with water.

Raw pigment consists of 40 wt% TiO2, 20 wt% salt, and rest water. The washed pigment consists of 50
𝑚
wt% TiO2. It is given that 𝑚2 = 6. Determine the mass flow rate and composition of the exit streams.
1
1.7 Determine the unknowns in the following flowsheet. There is no xylene present in the distillate
from the first distillation column. Benzene is not present in the bottom product from the second
distillation column.

1.8 A gas containing 80 mol% CH4 and 20 mol% He is sent to an equipment to recover He. Twenty
percent by weight of the original gas is recovered, and its composition is 50 mol% He, that is, the total
mass flow rate of the enriched output stream (containing 50 mol% He) = 0.2 x (total mass flow rate of
input feed stream). Calculate the composition (in mol%) of the waste gas if 100 moles of gas are
processed per minute. Molecular weight of He = 4.

1.9 If 100 g of Na2SO4 are dissolved in 200 g of H2O and the solution is cooled until 100 g of
Na2SO4∙10H2O crystallize out, find the composition of the remaining solution (mother liquor).
Molecular weight of Na2SO4 =142 g/mol.

1.10 A chemist attempts to prepare some very pure crystals of borax (sodium tetraborate,
Na2B4O7∙10H2O) by dissolving 100 g of Na2B4O7 in 200 g of boiling water. He then carefully cools the
solution slowly until some Na2B4O7∙10H2O crystallizes out. Calculate the grams of Na2B4O7∙10H2O
crystals recovered, if the residual solution (mother liquor) contains 12.4 wt% Na2B4O7. The molecular
weight of Na2B4O7 is 201 g/mol.

1.11 Consider the following process for recovering NH3 from a gas stream composed of N2 and NH3.
Flowing upward through the process is the gas stream, which can contain NH3 and N2 but not solvent
S and flowing downward through the device is a liquid stream which can contain NH3 and liquid S but
not N2. The weight fraction of NH3 in the gas stream leaving (y) is related to the weight fraction of NH3
in the liquid stream leaving (x) the process y = 2x. Given the data shown in figure below, calculate the
flow rates and compositions of exiting gas stream and exiting liquid stream.

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