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BATTERIES

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14 views16 pages

BATTERIES

This suits to is the if

Uploaded by

19EE245 Rahul
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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UNIT-II

BATTERIES
Objectives
• Learn the fundamentals of batteries
• Types of batteries and parameters capacity calculations
• State of charge (SoC) and discharge
• Technical characteristics
• Battery pack design, properties of batteries
• Alternative energy sources: Fuel cells, types and characteristics
• Super capacitors and ultra capacitors
Introduction:
• A basic requirement for electric vehicles (EVs) is a portable source of electrical
energy, which is converted to mechanical energy in the electric motor for
vehicle propultion.
• Electrical energy typically obtained through conversion of chemical ey stored
in devices such as batteries and fuel cells.
• Flywheel is an alternative portable source in which energy is stored in
mechanical form to be converted into electrical energy on demand for vehicle
propulstion.
• the portable energy source presents the biggest obstacle in commercialization
of EV
• The solution for minimizing the environmental pollution problem is not solved
due to the absence of a suitable high energy density energy source for EVs
• Among the choices of portable energy sources, batteries are most popular
choice of energy source for EVs.
• The EV and EHVs are commercially available today use batteries as the
elevctrical energy source.
• The various batteries usually compared in terms of specific energy, specific
power, operating life etc..
• Specific power: is the power available per unit mass from the source.
• Operating life of a battery is number of deep discharge cycles obtainable in its
life time or the number of service years expected in a certain application.
Specific Energy:
• The specific energy is the enrgy per unit mass of the energy source
• The specific energyof the available energy sources are given as

Sl. No Energy source Nominal specific energy


(Wh/Kg)
1 Gasoline 12,500
2 Natural Gas 9350
3 Methonol 6050
4 Hydrogen 33,000
5 Coal (Bituminous) 8200
6 Lead-Acid Battery 35
7 Lithium - Polymer battery 200
8 Flywheel (Carbon-fiber) 200
Desirable features of batteries for EV and EHV
applications:
• High specific energy
• High specific power
• High charge acceptance rate for recharging
• Regenerative braking
• Longer life cycle and
• Safety
Additional technical requirements includes
• Methods and designs to balance the battery segments or packs electrically
and thermally
• Accurate techniques to determine a battery’s state of charge, and recycling
facilities of ba components

The cost of batteries must be reasonable for EVs and EHVs to be commercially viable
History:
• Battery technology have been undergoing extensive research and
development efforts over 30 years
• yet, no battery that can deliver an acceptable combination of power,
energy and life cycle for high volume
production vehicles.
• small number of EVs and EHVs that were introduced in the market
used batteries that were too expensive and short calender life
• Making the batteries the biggest impedent in commericializing EVs
and EHVs.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3pz5LxiEndA
Battery Basics:
• Made of unit cells containing the chemical energy that is convertable
to electrical energy
• One or more of these electrolytic cells are connected in series to form
one battery
• The grouped cells are enclosed in a casing to form a battery module.
• A battery pack is a collection of these individual battery modules
connected in series and parellel combination to deliver the desired
voltage and energy to the power electronic drive system
Assignment

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