CSEC Add Maths

Paper 2

June 2019

Solutions
 SECTION I

Answer BOTH questions.

ALL working must be clearly shown.

1. (a) The function 𝑓 is such that 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 3 + 7𝑥 2 + 3𝑥.

(i) Determine all linear factors of 𝑓(𝑥). [3]

𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 3 + 7𝑥 2 + 3𝑥

𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥(2𝑥 2 + 7𝑥 + 3)

𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥(2𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 + 3)

∴ The linear factors of 𝑓(𝑥) are 𝑥, 2𝑥 + 1 and 𝑥 + 3.

(ii) Compute the roots of the function 𝑓(𝑥). [2]

𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥(2𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 + 3)

When 𝑓(𝑥) = 0,

0 = 𝑥(2𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 + 3)

Either 𝑥=0 or 2𝑥 + 1 = 0 or 𝑥+3=0

2𝑥 = −1 𝑥 = −3
1
𝑥 = −2

1
∴ The roots of the function 𝑓(𝑥) are 𝑥 = 0, 𝑥 = − 2 and 𝑥 = −3.
(b) Two functions are such that 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 and ℎ(𝑥) = 2𝑥 − 3.

(i) Determine 𝑔ℎ(𝑥). [2]

𝑔ℎ(𝑥) = 𝑔[ℎ(𝑥)]

𝑔ℎ(𝑥) = 𝑔(2𝑥 − 3)

𝑔ℎ(𝑥) = (2𝑥 − 3)2 − (2𝑥 − 3)

𝑔ℎ(𝑥) = 4𝑥 2 − 12𝑥 + 9 − 2𝑥 + 3

𝑔ℎ(𝑥) = 4𝑥 2 − 14𝑥 + 12

(ii) Given that ℎ𝑔(𝑥) = 2𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 3, show that the values of 𝑥, for which

1±√7
ℎ𝑔(𝑥) = 0, can be expressed as . [3]
2

ℎ𝑔(𝑥) = 2𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 3

When ℎ𝑔(𝑥) = 0,

2𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 3 = 0 which is in the form 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0,

where 𝑎 = 2, 𝑏 = −2 and 𝑐 = −3.

Using the quadratic formula,

−𝑏±√𝑏 2 −4𝑎𝑐
𝑥= 2𝑎

−(−2)±√(−2)2 −4(2)(−3)
𝑥= 2(2)

2±√4+24
𝑥= 4

2±√28
𝑥= 4
 2±√4×7
𝑥= 4

2±√4√7
𝑥= 4

2±2√7
𝑥= 4

2(1±√7)
𝑥= 2(2)

1±√7
𝑥= 2

1±√7
∴ The values of 𝑥 for which ℎ𝑔(𝑥) = 0 can be expressed as .
2
Q.E.D.

(c) Solve 3𝑥 log 2 + log 8𝑥 = 2. [4]

3𝑥 log 2 + log 8𝑥 = 2

3𝑥 log 2 + log 23𝑥 = 2

3𝑥 log 2 + 3𝑥 log 2 = 2

6𝑥 log 2 = 2
2
6𝑥 = log 2

2 1
𝑥 = log 2 × 6

2
𝑥 = 6 log 2

𝑥 = 1.11 (to 3 significant figures)

Total: 14 marks
2. (a) (i) Express 𝑓(𝑥) = −2𝑥 2 − 7𝑥 − 6 in the form 𝑎(𝑥 + ℎ)2 + 𝑘. [3]

= −2𝑥 2 − 7𝑥 − 6

7
= −2 (𝑥 2 + 2 𝑥) − 6

7 49 49
= −2 (𝑥 2 + 2 𝑥 + 16) − 6 + 2 (16)

7 2 49
= −2 (𝑥 + 4) − 6 + 8

7 2 1
= −2 (𝑥 + 4) + 8 which is in the form 𝑎(𝑥 + ℎ)2 + 𝑘,

7 1
where 𝑎 = −2, ℎ = 4 and 𝑘 = 8 .

(ii) State the maximum value of 𝑓(𝑥). [1]

7 2 1
𝑓(𝑥) = −2 (𝑥 + 4) + 8

1
∴ The maximum value of 𝑓(𝑥) is 8 .

(iii) State the value of 𝑥 for which 𝑓(𝑥) is a maximum. [1]

Consider,
7
𝑥+4=0

7
𝑥 = −4

7
∴ The value of 𝑥 for which 𝑓(𝑥) is a maximum is 𝑥 = − 4 .
(iv) Use your answer in (a)(i) to determine all values of 𝑥 when

𝑓(𝑥) = 0. [3]

7 2 1
𝑓(𝑥) = −2 (𝑥 + 4) + 8

When 𝑓(𝑥) = 0,

7 2 1
−2 (𝑥 + 4) + 8 = 0

7 2 1
−2 (𝑥 + 4) = − 8

7 2 1 1
(𝑥 + 4) = − 8 × − 2

7 2 1
(𝑥 + 4) = 16

7 1
𝑥 + 4 = ±√16

7 1
𝑥 + 4 = ±4

7 1
𝑥 = −4 ± 4

7 1 7 1
Either 𝑥 = −4−4 or 𝑥 = −4+4

8 6
𝑥 = −4 𝑥 = −4

3
𝑥 = −2 𝑥 = −2

3
∴ 𝑥 = −2 or 𝑥 = − 2
(v) Sketch the function 𝑓(𝑥) and show your solution set to (a)(iv) when

𝑓(𝑥) < 0. [2]

3
When 𝑓(𝑥) = 0, 𝑥 = −2 and 𝑥 = − 2 .

3
The points are (−2, 0) and (− 2 , 0).

7 2 1
𝑓(𝑥) = −2 (𝑥 + 4) + 8

7 1
The maximum point is (− 4 , 8).

𝑓(𝑥) = −2𝑥 2 − 7𝑥 − 6

The 𝑦-intercept is 𝑐 = −6. The point is (0, −6).

The sketch of 𝑓(𝑥) is shown below:

𝑦
7 1
(− 4 , 8)
×

× × 𝑥
(−2, 0) 3
(− 2 , 0)

×(0, −6)

𝑓(𝑥) = −2𝑥 2 − 7𝑥 − 6
 Consider when 𝑓(𝑥) < 0.

We look where the graph is negative, that is, below the 𝑥-axis.

3
∴ The solution set is {𝑥: 𝑥 < −2 ∪ 𝑥 > − 2}.

𝑦 𝑦2 𝑦3
(b) A geometric series can be represented by 𝑥 + 𝑥 3 + 𝑥 5 + ⋯

Prove that 𝑆∞ = 𝑥𝑦(𝑥 2 − 𝑦)−1 . [4]

𝑦 𝑦2 𝑦3
𝑥
+ 𝑥3 + 𝑥5 + ⋯

𝑦
𝑎=𝑥

𝑦2
𝑎𝑟 = 𝑥 3

So, we have,
𝑎𝑟
𝑟= 𝑎

𝑦2 𝑦
𝑟 = 𝑥3 ÷ 𝑥

𝑦2 𝑥
𝑟 = 𝑥3 × 𝑦

𝑦
𝑟 = 𝑥2

Now,
𝑎
𝑆∞ = 1−𝑟
 𝑦 𝑦
Substituting 𝑎 = 𝑥 and 𝑟 = 𝑥 2 gives:

𝑦
( )
𝑥
𝑆∞ = 𝑦
1−( 2 )
𝑥

𝑦 𝑦
𝑆∞ = 𝑥 ÷ (1 − 𝑥 2 )

𝑦 𝑥 2 −𝑦
𝑆∞ = 𝑥 ÷ ( )
𝑥2

𝑦 𝑥2
𝑆∞ = 𝑥 × 𝑥 2 −𝑦

𝑥𝑦
𝑆∞ = 𝑥 2 −𝑦

𝑆∞ = 𝑥𝑦(𝑥 2 − 𝑦)−1

∴ 𝑆∞ = 𝑥𝑦(𝑥 2 − 𝑦)−1
Q.E.D.

Total: 14 marks
 SECTION II

Answer BOTH questions.

ALL working must be clearly shown.

3. (a) A circle with centre (1, −1) passes through the point (4, 3).

(i) Calculate the radius of the circle. [2]

The points are (1, −1) and (4, 3).

Radius of the circle = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2

2
Radius of the circle = √(4 − 1)2 + (3 − (−1))

Radius of the circle = √(3)2 + (4)2

Radius of the circle = √9 + 16

Radius of the circle = √25

Radius of the circle = 5 units

(ii) Write the equation of the circle in the form

𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 2𝑓𝑥 + 2𝑔𝑦 + 𝑐 = 0. [2]

The centre is 𝐶(1, −1) and 𝑟 = 5.

The equation of the circle is,

(𝑥 − 1)2 + (𝑦 + 1)2 = (5)2

𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 1 + 𝑦 2 + 2𝑦 + 1 = 25

𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 2𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 1 + 1 − 25 = 0

𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 2𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 23 = 0

which is in the form 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 2𝑓𝑥 + 2𝑔𝑦 + 𝑐 = 0,

where 𝑓 = −1, 𝑔 = 1 and 𝑐 = −23.

(iii) Determine the equation of the tangent to the circle at the

point (4, 3). [3]

Consider the sketch below.

tangent
(4, 3)

normal
𝐶(1, −1)

Points are (1, −1) and (4, 3).

𝑦 −𝑦
𝑚 = 𝑥2−𝑥1
2 1

3−(−1)
𝑚= 4−1

4
𝑚=3

4
Gradient of normal = 3

3
Gradient of tangent = − 4

3
Substituting 𝑚 = − 4 and point (4, 3) into 𝑦 − 𝑦1 = 𝑚(𝑥 − 𝑥1 ) gives:

3
𝑦 − 3 = − 4 (𝑥 − 4)

3
𝑦 − 3 = −4𝑥 + 3

3
𝑦 = −4𝑥 + 3 + 3

3
𝑦 = −4𝑥 + 6 → Equation of tangent
(b) Two vectors 𝒑 and 𝒒 are such that 𝒑 = 8𝒊̂ + 2𝒋̂ and 𝒒 = 𝒊̂ − 4𝒋̂.

(i) Calculate 𝒑 ⋅ 𝒒. [2]

𝒑 = 8𝒊̂ + 2𝒋̂ and 𝒒 = 𝒊̂ − 4𝒋̂

8 1
𝒑=( ) 𝒒=( )
2 −4

The dot product is,

8 1
𝒑⋅𝒒=( )⋅( )
2 −4

𝒑 ⋅ 𝒒 = (8)(1) + (2)(−4)

𝒑⋅𝒒= 8−8

𝒑⋅𝒒=0

(ii) State the angle between the two vectors 𝒑 and 𝒒. [1]

Since 𝒑 ⋅ 𝒒 = 0, then 𝒑 is perpendicular to 𝒒.

∴ The angle between the two vectors 𝒑 and 𝒒 is 90°.

(c) The position vector 𝒂 = 4𝒊̂ − 7𝒋̂. Find the unit vector in the direction

of 𝒂. [2]

𝒂 = 4𝒊̂ − 7𝒋̂

|𝒂| = √𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2

|𝒂| = √(4)2 + (−7)2

|𝒂| = √16 + 49

|𝒂| = √65

𝒂
The unit vector in the direction of 𝒂 = |𝒂|

4𝒊̂−7𝒋̂
The unit vector in the direction of 𝒂 =
√65

4 7
The unit vector in the direction of 𝒂 = 𝒊̂ − 𝒋̂
√65 √65

Total: 12 marks
4. (a) A compass is used to draw a sector of radius 6 𝑐𝑚 and area 11.32 𝑐𝑚2 .

(i) Determine the angle of the sector in radians. [3]

1
𝐴 = 2 𝑟 2𝜃

1
11.32 = 2 (6)2 𝜃

1
11.32 = 2 (36)𝜃

11.32 = 18𝜃
11.32
𝜃= 18

𝜃 = 0.629𝑐 (to 3 significant figures)

(ii) Calculate the perimeter of the sector. [2]

Length of arc = 𝑟𝜃
11.32
Length of arc = 6 × 18

Length of arc = 3.773 𝑐𝑚 (to 3 decimal places)

Perimeter of the sector = (2 × radius) + Length of arc

Perimeter of the sector = (2 × 6) + 3.773

Perimeter of the sector = 12 + 3.773

Perimeter of the sector = 15.773 𝑐𝑚

∴ The perimeter of the sector is 15.773 𝑐𝑚.

 √5
(b) A right-angled triangle 𝑋𝑌𝑍 has an angle, 𝜃, where sin 𝜃 = .
5

Without evaluating 𝜃, calculate the exact value (in surd form if applicable) of

(i) cos 𝜃 [2]

√5
sin 𝜃 = 5

𝑜𝑝𝑝
sin 𝜃 = ℎ𝑦𝑝

Consider the sketch below:

5
√5

𝜃
𝑏

Using Pythagoras’ Theorem,

𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 = 𝑐 2
2
(√5) + 𝑏 2 = (5)2

5 + 𝑏 2 = 25

𝑏 2 = 25 − 5

𝑏 2 = 20

𝑏 = √20

𝑏 = √4 × 5

𝑏 = √4√5

𝑏 = 2√5
 Now,

𝑎𝑑𝑗
cos 𝜃 = ℎ𝑦𝑝

2√5
cos 𝜃 = 5

(ii) sin 2𝜃 [2]

sin 2𝜃 = 2 sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃

√5 2√5
sin 2𝜃 = 2 ( 5 ) ( )
5

5
sin 2𝜃 = 4 × 25

4
sin 2𝜃 = 5

1
(c) Show that tan2 𝜃 + 1 = . [3]
cos2 𝜃

Taking L.H.S:

sin2 𝜃
tan2 𝜃 + 1 = cos2 𝜃 + 1

sin2 𝜃+cos2 𝜃
tan2 𝜃 + 1 = cos2 𝜃

1
tan2 𝜃 + 1 = cos2 𝜃

tan2 𝜃 + 1 = R.H.S.

1
∴ tan2 𝜃 + 1 = cos2 𝜃

Q.E.D.

Total: 12 marks
 SECTION III

Answer BOTH questions.

ALL working must be clearly shown.

2
5. (a) The stationary points of a curve are given by (5, 11 3) and (3, 15).

𝑑𝑦
(i) Derive an expression for 𝑑𝑥 . [2]

2
The stationary points are (5, 11 3) and (3, 15).

𝑑𝑦
= (𝑥 − 5)(𝑥 − 3)
𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦
= 𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 − 3𝑥 + 15
𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦
= 𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 + 15
𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦
∴ An expression for 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 + 15.

(ii) Determine the nature of the stationary points. [5]

To determine the nature of the stationary points, we will use the

second derivative test.

𝑑𝑦
= 𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 + 15
𝑑𝑥

𝑑2 𝑦
= 2𝑥 − 8
𝑑𝑥 2
 When 𝑥 = 5,

𝑑2 𝑦
= 2(5) − 8
𝑑𝑥 2

𝑑2 𝑦
= 10 − 8
𝑑𝑥 2

𝑑2 𝑦
= 2 (> 0)
𝑑𝑥 2

𝑑2 𝑦 2
Since 𝑑𝑥 2 > 0, then the point (5, 11 3) is a minimum point.

When 𝑥 = 3,

𝑑2 𝑦
= 2(3) − 8
𝑑𝑥 2

𝑑2 𝑦
= 6−8
𝑑𝑥 2

𝑑2 𝑦
= −2 (< 0)
𝑑𝑥 2

𝑑2 𝑦
Since 𝑑𝑥 2 < 0, then the point (3, 15) is a maximum point.

(iii) Determine the equation of the curve. [4]

𝑑𝑦
= 𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 + 15
𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦
𝑦 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑦 = ∫(𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 + 15) 𝑑𝑥

𝑥3 8𝑥 2
𝑦= − + 15𝑥 + 𝑐
3 2

𝑥3
𝑦= 3
− 4𝑥 2 + 15𝑥 + 𝑐
 Substituting (3, 15) into the equation gives:

(3)3
15 = − 4(3)2 + 15(3) + 𝑐
3

15 = 9 − 36 + 45 + 𝑐

15 = 18 + 𝑐

𝑐 = 15 − 18

𝑐 = −3

𝑥3
∴ The equation of the curve is: 𝑦 = − 4𝑥 2 + 15𝑥 − 3
3

3
(b) Differentiate √(2𝑥 + 3)2 with respect to 𝑥, giving your answer in its simplest

form. [3]

3
Let 𝑦 = √(2𝑥 + 3)2
2
𝑦 = (2𝑥 + 3)3

2
𝑑𝑦 2
= 3 (2)(2𝑥 + 3)3 − 1
𝑑𝑥

1
𝑑𝑦 4
= 3 (2𝑥 + 3)−3
𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦 4
= 3
𝑑𝑥 3( √2𝑥+3)

Total: 14 marks
6. (a) Integrate 3 cos 𝑥 + 2 sin 𝑥. [2]

∫(3 cos 𝑥 + 2 sin 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 = 3 sin 𝑥 + 2(− cos 𝑥) + 𝑐

∫(3 cos 𝑥 + 2 sin 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 = 3 sin 𝑥 − 2 cos 𝑥 + 𝑐

4 2√𝑥
(b) Evaluate ∫1 𝑑𝑥. [4]
𝑥

4 2√𝑥 4 2√𝑥
∫1 𝑑𝑥 = ∫1 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 √𝑥√𝑥

4 2√𝑥 4 2
∫1 𝑑𝑥 = ∫1 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 √𝑥

1
4 2√𝑥 4
∫1 𝑑𝑥 = 2 ∫1 𝑥 −2 𝑑𝑥
𝑥

1 4
− +1
4 2√𝑥 𝑥 2
∫1 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 2 [ 1 ]
− +1
2 1

1 4
4 2√𝑥 𝑥2
∫1 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 2 [ 1 ]
2 1

1 4
4 2√𝑥
∫1 𝑑𝑥 = 2(2) [𝑥 2 ]
𝑥 1

1 4
4 2√𝑥
∫1 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 4 [𝑥 2 ]
1

1 1
4 2√𝑥
∫1 𝑑𝑥 = 4 [(4)2 − (1)2 ]
𝑥

4 2√𝑥
∫1 𝑑𝑥 = 4(2 − 1)
𝑥

4 2√𝑥
∫1 𝑑𝑥 = 4(1)
𝑥

4 2√𝑥
∫1 𝑑𝑥 = 4
𝑥
 𝑑𝑦
(c) The point (2, 4) lies on the curve whose gradient is given by 𝑑𝑥 = −2𝑥 + 1.

Determine

(i) the equation of the curve [4]

𝑑𝑦
= −2𝑥 + 1
𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦
𝑦 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑦 = ∫(−2𝑥 + 1) 𝑑𝑥

−2𝑥 2
𝑦= +𝑥+𝑐
2

𝑦 = −𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 𝑐

Substituting the point (2, 4) into the equation gives:

4 = −(2)2 + (2) + 𝑐

4 = −4 + 2 + 𝑐

4 = −2 + 𝑐

𝑐 = 4+2

𝑐=6

∴ The equation of the curve is 𝑦 = −𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 6.

(ii) the area under the curve in the finite region in the first quadrant

between 0 and 3 on the 𝑥-axis. [4]

Consider the sketch below:

𝑦 = −𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 6

𝑥
0 3

𝑏
Area under the curve = ∫𝑎 𝑦 𝑑𝑥

3
Area under the curve = ∫0 (−𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 6) 𝑑𝑥

3
𝑥3 𝑥2
Area under the curve = [− + + 6𝑥]
3 2 0

(3)3 (3)2 (0)3 (0)2

Area under the curve = [− + + 6(3)] − [− + + 6(0)]
3 2 3 2

9
Area under the curve = (−9 + 2 + 18) − 0

27
Area under the curve = units2
2

27
∴ The area under the curve is units 2 .
2

Total: 14 marks
 SECTION IV

Answer only ONE question.

ALL working must be clearly shown.

7. (a) The weights, in 𝑘𝑔, of students in a Grade 5 class are displayed in the

following stem and leaf diagram.

Boys Girls

9 8 2 8 8 9 Key:

9 9 9 7 3 3 2 2 3 5 8 8 8 Boys 8|2 means 𝟐𝟖 𝒌𝒈

5 1 1 1 1 0 0 4 0 1 1 2 Girls 2|8 means 𝟐𝟖 𝒌𝒈

1 5

(i) State the number of students in the class. [1]

Number of boys = 15

Number of girls = 14

Number of students = 15 + 14

Number of students = 29

∴ The number of student is 29 students.

(ii) Construct ONE box-and-whisker plot for the entire Grade 5 class

(boys and girls combined). [4]

Lowest score = 28

Highest score = 51

The raw data is:

28 28 28 29 29 32 32 33 33 35

37 38 38 38 39 39 39 40 40 40

41 41 41 41 41 41 42 45 51

The median is the 15th value.

𝑄2 = 39

The lower quartile is the mean of the 7th and 8th values.
32+33
𝑄1 = 2

65
𝑄1 = 2

𝑄1 = 32.5

The upper quartile is the mean of the 22nd and 23rd value.
41+41
𝑄3 = 2

82
𝑄3 = 2

𝑄3 = 41
The box-and-whisker plot is shown below:

28 51

32.5 39 41

| | | | | | | | | | | |
25 30 35 40 45 50
(iii) The standard deviation of the weights of the boys is 5.53 𝑘𝑔.

Determine the standard deviation of the weights of the girls. Provide

an interpretation of your answer for the girls compared to that given

for the boys. [5]

∑𝑥
Mean, 𝑥 = 𝑛

28+28+29+32+32+33+35+38+38+38+40+41+41+42
Mean, 𝑥 = 14

495
Mean, 𝑥 = 14

Mean, 𝑥 = 35.36 (to 2 decimal places)

Now,

𝑥 𝑥−𝑥 (𝑥 − 𝑥)2
28 −7.36 54.17
28 −7.36 54.17
29 −6.36 40.45
32 −3.36 11.29
32 −3.36 11.29
33 −2.36 5.57
35 −0.36 0.13
38 2.64 6.97
38 2.64 6.97
38 2.64 6.97
40 4.64 21.53
41 5.64 31.81
41 5.64 31.81
42 6.64 44.09
∑ = 327.22
 ∑(𝑥−𝑥)2
The standard deviation, 𝑆 = √ 𝑛

327.22
The standard deviation, 𝑆 = √ 14

The standard deviation, 𝑆 = 4.83 𝑘𝑔 (to 2 decimal places)

The standard deviation of the weights of the girls (4.83 𝑘𝑔) is less

than that of the boys (5.53 𝑘𝑔).

This means that the data showing the weights of the girls has a less

spread or is of a lesser variability than that for the boys. In the case of

the girls, their weights are more clustered around the mean.

(iv) Determine the number of students above the 20th percentile for this

class. [2]

There is a total of 29 students in the class.

20
The 20th percentile occurs at 100 × 29 = 5.8th value.

We take the nearest whole number which is the 6th value.

The 6th value is 32.

Number of students who scored 32 and less = 7 students.

Number of students who scored more than 32 = 22 students.

∴ The number of students above the 20th percentile is 22 students.

(b) A vendor has 15 apples on a tray: 5 red, 6 green and 4 yellow. A customer

requests 3 apples but does NOT specify a colour.

Determine the probability that the apples chosen

(i) contain one of EACH colour [4]

There are 6 possible ways that this can happen.

The customer can get:

• 𝑅𝐺𝑌 • 𝐺𝑅𝑌 • 𝑌𝑅𝐺

• 𝑅𝑌𝐺 • 𝐺𝑌𝑅 • 𝑌𝐺𝑅

5 6 4 4
𝑃(𝑅𝐺𝑌) = 𝑃(𝑅 and 𝐺 and 𝑌) = 15 × 14 × 13 = 91

5 4 6 4
𝑃(𝑅𝑌𝐺) = 𝑃(𝑅 and 𝑌 and 𝐺) = 15 × 14 × 13 = 91

6 5 4 4
𝑃(𝐺𝑅𝑌) = 𝑃(𝐺 and 𝑅 and 𝑌) = × × =
15 14 13 91

6 4 5 4
𝑃(𝐺𝑌𝑅) = 𝑃(𝐺 and 𝑌 and 𝑅) = 15 × 14 × 13 = 91

4 5 6 4
𝑃(𝑌𝑅𝐺) = 𝑃(𝑌 and 𝑅 and 𝐺) = 15 × 14 × 13 = 91

4 6 5 4
𝑃(𝑌𝐺𝑅) = 𝑃(𝑌 and 𝐺 and 𝑅) = 15 × 14 × 13 = 91

4
Probability = 6 × 91

24
Probability = 91

∴ The probability that the apples chosen contain one of each colour is
24
.
91
(ii) are ALL of the same colour [4]

= 𝑃(3 𝑎𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑑𝑟𝑎𝑤𝑛 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑜𝑢𝑟)

= 𝑃(𝑅𝑅𝑅) + 𝑃(𝐺𝐺𝐺) + 𝑃(𝑌𝑌𝑌)

5 4 3 6 5 4 4 3 2
= (15 × 14 × 13) + (15 × 14 × 13) + (15 × 14 × 13)

60 120 24
= 2730 + 2730 + 2730

60+120+24
= 2730

204
= 2730

35
= 455

∴ The probability that the apples chosen are all of the same colour is

35
.
455

Total: 20 marks
8. (a) A car has stopped at a traffic light. When the light turns green, it accelerates

uniformly to a speed of 28 𝑚𝑠 −1 in 15 seconds. The car continues to travel at

this speed for another 35 seconds, before it has to stop 10 seconds later at

another traffic light.

(i) On the grid provided on page 25, draw a speed-time graph showing

the information above. [3]

When the light turns green, it accelerates uniformly to a speed of

28 𝑚𝑠 −1 in 15 seconds.

Point is (15, 28).

The car continues to travel at this speed for another 35 seconds.

Point is (50, 28).

It has to stop 10 seconds later at another traffic light.

Point is (60, 0).

 Title: Graph showing 𝑣/𝑚𝑠 −1 vs. 𝑡/𝑠
𝑣/𝑚𝑠 −1

Scale:
𝑥-axis: 1 𝑐𝑚 = 5 𝑠
40 𝑦-axis: 1 𝑐𝑚 = 2 𝑚𝑠 −1
|

38
|

36
|

34
|

32
|

30
|

28
|

26
|

24
|

22
|

20
|

18
|

16
|

14
|

12
|

10
|

8
|

6
|

4
|

2
|

0 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 𝑡/𝑠
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75
(ii) Calculate the distance the car travelled between the two traffic

lights. [3]

Distance travelled = Area under the curve

1
Distance travelled = 2 (𝑎 + 𝑏)ℎ

1
Distance travelled = 2 (35 + 60)(28)

1
Distance travelled = 2 (95)(28)

Distance travelled = 1330 𝑚

∴ The distance the car travelled between the two traffic lights is

1330 𝑚.

(iii) Calculate the average speed of the car over this journey, giving your

answer in 𝒌𝒎𝒉−𝟏 . [3]

Total distance covered = 1330 𝑚

1330
Total distance covered = 1000 𝑘𝑚

Total distance covered = 1.33 𝑘𝑚

Total time taken = 60 𝑠

60
Total time taken = 3600 ℎ

1
Total time taken = 60 ℎ
 Now,

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑑

Average speed = 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑒𝑛

1.33
Average speed = 1
( )
60

Average speed = 79.8 𝑘𝑚ℎ−1

∴ The average speed of the car over this journey is 79.8 𝑘𝑚ℎ−1.

(b) A particle moves in a straight line such that 𝑡 seconds after passing a fixed

point, 𝑂, its acceleration, 𝑎, in 𝑚𝑠 −2 , is given by 𝑎 = 12𝑡 − 17. Given that its

speed at 𝑂 is 10 𝑚𝑠 −1 , determine

(i) the values of 𝑡 for which the particle is stationary [5]

𝑎 = 12𝑡 − 17

𝑣 = ∫ 𝑎 𝑑𝑡

𝑣 = ∫(12𝑡 − 17) 𝑑𝑡

12𝑡 2
𝑣= − 17𝑡 + 𝑐
2

𝑣 = 6𝑡 2 − 17𝑡 + 𝑐

When 𝑣 = 10, 𝑡 = 0,

(10) = 6(0)2 − 17(0) + 𝑐

10 = 0 − 0 + 𝑐

10 = 𝑐

𝑐 = 10
 So, we have 𝑣 = 6𝑡 2 − 17𝑡 + 10.

At a stationary point, 𝑣 = 0.

6𝑡 2 − 17𝑡 + 10 = 0

(6𝑡 − 5)(𝑡 − 2) = 0

Either 6𝑡 − 5 = 0 or 𝑡−2=0

6𝑡 = 5 𝑡=2

5
𝑡=6

5
∴ The particle is stationary when 𝑡 = 6 seconds or 𝑡 = 2 seconds.

(ii) the distance the particle travels in the fourth second [6]

𝑠 = ∫ 𝑣 𝑑𝑡

𝑠 = ∫(6𝑡 2 − 17𝑡 + 10) 𝑑𝑡

6𝑡 3 17𝑡 2
𝑠= − + 10𝑡 + 𝑘
3 2

17𝑡 2
𝑠 = 2𝑡 3 − + 10𝑡 + 𝑘
2

When 𝑠 = 0, 𝑡 = 0,

17(0)2
0 = 2(0)3 − + 10(0) + 𝑘
2

0 =0−0+𝑘

𝑘=0
 17𝑡 2
So, we have, 𝑠 = 2𝑡 3 − + 10𝑡.
2

When 𝑡 = 3,

17(3)2
𝑠 = 2(3)3 − + 10(3)
2

17(9)
𝑠 = 54 − + 30
2

𝑠 = 7.5 𝑚

When 𝑡 = 4,

17(4)2
𝑠 = 2(4)3 − + 10(4)
2

𝑠 = 128 − 136 + 40

𝑠 = 32 𝑚

Distance travelled in the 4th second = 32 − 7.5

Distance travelled in the 4th second = 24.5 𝑚

∴ The distance the particle travels in the fourth second is 24.5 𝑚.

Total: 20 marks

END OF TEST

IF YOU FINISH BEFORE TIME IS CALLED, CHECK YOUR WORK ON THIS TEST.