Laboratory Program 1

SIMULATION OF A SIMPLE CALCULATOR

AIM: To write a C Program To Simulate A Simple Calculator

ALGORITHM

Step 1: Start
Step 2: Read the value of operator op.
Step 3: Read the values of num1 and num2.
Step 4: Verify op value by using switch statement
if op=’+’ then goto step 5 (or)
if op=’-’ then goto step 6 (or)
if op=’*’ then goto step 7 (or)
if op=’/’ then goto step 8 (or)
otherwise goto step 9
Step 5: if op=’+’ then compute result=num1+num2
print result and goto step 10
Step 6: if op=’-’ then compute result=num1-num2
print result and goto step 10
Step 7: if op=’*’ then compute result=num1*num2
print result and goto step 10
Step 8: if op=’/’ then compute divresult=num1/num2
print divresult and goto step 10
Step 9: if op value is other than above options then
print “Invalid input, Try again” goto step 10
Step 10: Stop
FLOWCHART

Start

Read op

Read num1, num2

Switch (op)

+ - * / default

result=num1+num2 result=num1-num2 result=num1*num2 divresult=num1/num2

print result print result print result print divresult

Print Invalid Input

Stop
PROGRAM

#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
void main()
{
int num1,num2,result;
float divresult;
char op;
clrscr();
printf("Enter the operation to be done \n");
scanf("%c",&op);
printf("Enter the value of num1 and num2 \n");
scanf("%d%d",&num1,&num2);
switch(op)
{
case '+': result = num1 + num2;
printf(“Addition=%d\n”,result);
break;
case '-': result = num1 - num2;
printf(“Subtraction=%d\n”,result);
break;
case '*': result = num1 * num2;
printf(“Multiplication=%d\n”,result);
break;
case '/': divresult = num1 / (float)num2;
printf(“Division=%.2f\n”,divresult);
break;
default: printf("Invalid Input ,Try Again\n");
}
getch();
}

OUTPUT
First Run:
Enter the operation to be done
+
Enter the value of num1 and num2
10
20
Addition=30

Second Run:
Enter the operation to be done
-
Enter the value of num1 and num2
10
20
Subtraction=-10

Third Run:
Enter the operation to be done
*
Enter the value of num1 and num2
20
30
Multiplication=600

Fourth Run:
Enter the operation to be done
/
Enter the value of num1 and num2
40
50
Division=0.80

Fifth Run:
Enter the operation to be done
@
Enter the value of num1 and num2
40
50
Invalid Input ,Try Again

RESULT: Thus, the program to implement the simple calculator has been executed
successfully and the output was verified.

VIVA QUESTIONS:-
a. What is switch statement?
b. What is a case in a switch statement?
c. Is Default necessary in switch case?
d. How many cases can you have in a switch statement?
Laboratory Program 2

COMPUTE THE ROOTS OF A QUADRATIC EQUATION BY ACCEPTING

THE COEFFICIENTS. PRINT APPROPRIATE MESSAGES.

AIM: To write a C Program to Compute the roots of a quadratic equation by accepting the
coefficients

ALGORITHM

Step 1: Start
Step 2: Read the value of non-zero coefficient a.
Step 3: If a is zero goto Step 10. Otherwise read the values of coefficients b and c.
Step 4: Compute the value of discriminant (disc) using the formula (b*b) - (4*a*c).
Step 5: Check if disc is equal to 0. If true, then go to Step 6. Otherwise, goto Step 7
Step 6: Compute the equal roots.
root1 = root2 = (-b)/(2*a)
Print the values of roots, root1 and root2. Go to Step 10.
Step 7: Check if disc is greater than zero or not. If true, then go to Step 8. Otherwise, goto
Step 9.
Step 8: Compute the real and distinct roots
root1 = (-b+sqrt(disc))/(2*a)
root2 = (-b-sqrt(disc))/(2*a)
Print the values of roots, root1 and root2. Go to Step 10.
Step 9: Compute the complex and imaginary roots.
Compute the real part, realp = (-b)/(2*a)
Compute the imaginary part, imagp = sqrt(-disc)/(2*a)
Print roots as
root1 = realp + imagp
root2 = realp – imagp
Step 10: Stop.
FLOWCHART
PROGRAM

#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

void main()
{
float a,b,c,root1,root2,realp,imagp,disc;
clrscr();

printf("\n Enter the value of coefficient a: ");

scanf("%f",&a);

if(a == 0)
{
printf("\n Invalid input...Retry again");
exit(0);
}
printf(" Enter the value of coefficients b and c:\n ");
scanf("%f%f",&b,&c);
disc = b*b-4*a*c; // compute discriminant

if(disc == 0)
{
printf("The roots are real and equal\n");
root1 = root2 = -b / (2.0*a);
printf(" Root1 = Root2 = %.2f\n", root1);
}
else
{
if(disc > 0)
{
printf("The roots are real and distinct\n");
root1 = (-b + sqrt(disc))/(2.0*a);
root2 = (-b - sqrt(disc))/(2.0*a);
printf("Root1 = %.2f\n", root1);
printf("Root2 = %.2f\n", root2);
}
else
{
printf("The roots are complex\n");
realp = -b/(2.0*a);
disc=-disc;
imagp = sqrt(disc)/(2.0*a);
 printf("Root1 = %.2f + i%.2f\n",realp,imagp);
printf("Root2 = %.2f - i %.2f\n",realp, imagp);
}
}
getch();
}

OUTPUT

First Run:
Enter the value of coefficient a: 1
Enter the value of coefficients b and c:
44
The roots are real and equal
Root1 = Root2 = -2.00

Second Run:
Enter the value of coefficient a: 1
Enter the value of coefficients b and c:
-7 10
The roots are real and distinct
Root1 = 5.00
Root2 = 2.00

Third Run:
Enter the value of coefficient a: 2
Enter the value of coefficients b and c:
-3 6
The roots are complex
Root1 = 0.75 + i 1.56
Root2 = 0.75 - i 1.56

Fourth Run:
Enter the value of coefficient a: 0

Invalid input...Retry again

RESULT: Thus, the program to compute the roots of quadratic equation has been executed successfully
and the output was verified.

VIVA QUESTIONS:-

a. What is quadratic Equation?

b. What is math.h ? why it is used in C program?
c. What are decision making statements in C language?
d. Write the syntax of “ if ”statement?
e. Difference between if and switch statements?
Laboratory Program 3

AN ELECTRICITY BOARD CHARGES THE FOLLOWING RATES FOR THE USE

OF ELECTRICITY: FOR THE FIRST 200 UNITS 80 PAISE PER UNIT: FOR THE NEXT
100 UNITS 90 PAISE PER UNIT: BEYOND 300 UNITS RUPEES 1 PER UNIT. ALL USERS
ARE CHARGED A MINIMUM OF RUPEES 100 AS METER CHARGE. IF THE TOTAL
AMOUNT IS MORE THAN RS 400, THEN AN ADDITIONAL SURCHARGE OF 15% OF
TOTAL AMOUNT IS CHARGED. WRITE A PROGRAM TO READ THE NAME OF THE
USER, NUMBER OF UNITS CONSUMED AND PRINT OUT THE CHARGES.

AIM
To write a C program to read the Name of the User, Number of Units Consumed and
Print out the charges.

ALGORITHM

Step 1: Start

Step 2: Read the name of customer and the unit consumed by the customer.

Step 3: Check if the unit consumed is greater than 1 and less than 200, if true goto
step 4 else goto step 5.

Step 4: Compute: amt=100+(0.8*units).

Step 5: if unit is greater than 200 and less than 300,if true goto step 6 else goto step 7

Step 6: Compute amt=100+(200*0.8)+((units-200)*0.9)

Step 7:Compute amt=100+(200*0.8)+(100*0.9)+((units-300)*1), then goto step 8

Step 8: Check if the amt is greater than or equal to 400, if true goto step 9 otherwise

goto step 10.

Step 9: Compute amt=amt*1.15,goto step 10

Step 10:. Print the amount charged and goto step 11.

Step 11: Stop

FLOW CHART
PROGRAM

#include <stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
char name[10];

float unit, amt;

clrscr();
printf("Enter your name and unit Consumed:");
scanf("%s %f",name,&unit);
if(unit<=200)
amt=unit*0.80+100;
else if((unit>200)&&(unit<=300))
amt=200*0.80+((unit-200)*0.90)+100;
else
amt=200*0.80+100*0.90+((unit-300)*1)+100;
if(amt>400)

amt=1.15*amt;
printf("Name: %s\n Unit=%f \n charge=%f ",name,unit,amt);
getch();
}
OUTPUT
First Run:
Enter your name and unit Consumed: Siri 52Name: Siri
Unit=52 charge=141.600000Second Run:
Enter your name and unit Consumed: Rajesh 460Name: Rajesh
Unit=460 charge=586.500000

RESULT: -
Thus, the program to read the Name of the User, Number of Units Consumed and Print out the
charges has been executed successfully and the output was verified.
VIVA QUESTIONS: -
a. Difference between float and double data types.
b. Write syntax of for loop?
c. What is the use of break statement?
d. Difference between continue and break statement?
Laboratory Program 4

WRITE A C PROGRAM TO DISPLAY THE FOLLOWING BY READING THE NUMBER

OF ROWS AS INPUT,
1
1 2 1
1 2 3 2 1
12 3 4 3 2 1
---------------------------
nth row

AIM
To write a C program to display the pattern by reading the number of rows as input.

ALGORITHM

Step 1: Start
Step 2: Read the number of rows.
Step 3: Let i=0, if i<=n, go to step 14
Step 4: Initialize j=1 if j<=n-i, Go to step 8
Step 5: Print blank spaces
Step 6: Increment j (ie. j=j+1) Go to step 5
Step 7: Initialize j=1 if j<=i Go to step 11
Step 8: Display number in ascending order up to middle.
Step 9: Increment j (ie. j=j+1) Go to step 8
Step 10: initialize j=i-1 if j>=1 Go to step 14
Step 11: Display number in reverse order after middle
Step 12: Increment j (ie. j=j+1) Go to step 13
Step 13: Increment i (ie. i=i+1) Go to step 3
Step 14: Stop.
FLOWCHART
PROGRAM

#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
void main()
{
int i,j,n;
clrscr( );
printf("Input number of rows : ");
scanf("%d",&n);
for(i=0; i<=n;i++)
{
for(j=1;j<=n-i;j++)
{
printf(" ");
}
for(j=1;j<=i;j++)
{
printf("%d",j);
}
for(j=i-1;j>=1;j--)
{
printf("%d",j);
}
printf("\n");
}
getch();
}
OUTPUT

First Run:

Input number of rows: 4

1
121
12321
1234321

Second Run:

Input number of rows : 6

1
121
12321
1234321
123454321
12345654321
RESULT: -
Thus, the program to display the pattern by reading the number of rows as input has been
executed successfully and the output was verified.

VIVA QUESTIONS:-
a. Write syntax of for loop?
b. What is the use of nested for loop?
c. Define Pattern.
Laboratory Program 5

IMPLEMENT BINARY SEARCH ON INTEGERS.

AIM: To write a C program to Implement Binary Search on Integers.

ALGORITHM

Step 1: Start
Step 2: Read size of the array n
Step 3: Read the list of elements in sorted order a[i].
Step 4: Read the key element in key
Step 5: initialize low=0 and high= n-1
Step 6: Check if low is less than or equal to high. If condition is true, goto step 7,
otherwise goto Step 11
Step 7: find the middle element.i.e. mid=(low+high)/2;
Step 8: if key element is equal to mid element, then initialize loc value, loc = mid+1;
otherwise goto step 9
Step 9: Check if key element is less than mid element is true, then initialize high=mid-1
then goto step 6, if it is false goto step10.
Step 10: Check if key element is greater than mid element is true, then initialize
low=mid+1 then goto step 6.
Step 11: Check if loc value is greater than zero then print the search is successful then
goto step 13, otherwise goto step 12.
Step 12: print search is unsuccessful, then goto step 13.
Step 13: Stop
PROGRAM
#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
void main()
{
int n, a[100], i, key, high, low, mid, loc=-1;
clrscr( );
printf("Enter the size of the array\n");
scanf("%d",&n);
printf("Enter the elements of array in sorted order\n");
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
scanf("%d",&a[i]);
printf("Enter the key element to be searched\n");
scanf("%d",&key);
low=0;
high=n-1;
while(low<=high)
{
mid=(low+high)/2;
if(key= =a[mid])
{
loc = mid+1;
break;
}
else
{
if(key<a[mid])
high=mid-1;
else
low=mid+1;
}
}
if(loc>0)
printf("\n The element %d is found at %d ",key,loc);
else
printf("\nThe search is unsuccessful");
getch();
}
OUTPUT
First Run:
Enter the size of the array 5
Enter the elements of array in sorted order 10
20
30
40
50
Enter the element to be searched 40
The element 40 is found at 4
Second Run:
Enter the size of the array
4
Enter the elements of array in sorted order
4
6
8
9
Enter the key element to be searched
2
The search is unsuccessful
RESULT: -Thus, the program to implement the binary search on integers has been executed successfully
and the output was verified.
VIVA QUESTIONS: -
a. What is an array/definition of array.
b. What are the types of array?
c. What is a multidimensional array?
d. How to declare and initialize one dimensional array?
e. What are the advantages of an array?
f. What is the difference between array & string?
g. Write the syntax of declaring an array.
Principles of Programming using C Laboratory 22POP13/23

Laboratory Program 6

IMPLEMENT MATRIX MULTIPLICATION AND VALIDATE THE RULES OF

MULTIPLICATION.

AIM: To develop a program to introduce 2D Array manipulation and implement Matrix multiplication
and ensure the rules of multiplication are checked.

ALGORITHM:

Step 1: GET THE SIZE OF MATRIX a

Input the size of matrix a and read the values of m and n.
Step 2: GET THE VALUES OF MATRIX a
For i=0, i < m, i++
For j=0, j< n, j++
Read a[i][j]
End For
End For
Step 3: GET THE SIZE OF MATRIX b
Input the size of matrix b and read the values of p and q.
Step 4: GET THE VALUES OF MATRIX b
For i=0, i< p, i++
For j=0, j< q, j++
Read b[i][j]
End For
End For
STEP 5:
If(n!=p)
Print(“multiplication of matrices is not possible”)
Goto Step 8 otherwise goto step 6
End if
STEP 6:
For i=0, i< m, i++
For j=0, j< q, j++
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c[i][j]=0
For k=0, k< n, k++
c[i][j]=c[i][j]+a[i][k]*b[k][j]
End for
End for
Step 7: DISPLAY RESULT
For i=0, i<m, i++
For j=0, j<q, j++
Print c[i][j]
End for
End for
Step 8: STOP

FLOWCHART

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Principles of Programming using C Laboratory 22POP13/23

PROGRAM

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int a[5][5],b[5][5],c[5][5],m,n,p,q,i,j,k;
clrscr();
printf("Enter the size of first matrix\n");
scanf("%d %d",&m,&n);
printf("Enter the size of second matrix\n");
scanf("%d %d",&p,&q);
if(n!=p)
printf(“Matrix multiplication is not possible”);
else
{
printf("Enter the elements of first matrix\n");
for(i=0;i<m;i++)
for(j=0;j<n;j++)
scanf("%d",&a[i][j]);
printf("Enter the elements of the second matrix\n");
for(i=0;i<p;i++)
for(j=0;j<q;j++)
scanf("%d",&b[i][j]);
for(i=0;i<m;i++)
for(j=0;j<q;j++)
{
c[i][j]=0;
for(k=0;k<n;k++)
c[i][j]=c[i][j]+a[i][k]*b[k][j];
}
printf("\n A- matrix is\n");
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Principles of Programming using C Laboratory 22POP13/23

for(i=0;i<m;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<n;j++)
printf("%d\t",a[i][j]);
printf("\n");
}
printf("\n B- matrix is\n");
for(i=0;i<p;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<q;j++)
printf("%d\t",b[i][j]);
printf("\n");
}
printf("The product of two matrices is\n");
for(i=0;i<m;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<q;j++)
printf("%d\t",c[i][j]);
printf("\n");
}
}
getch();
}
OUTPUT:
Enter the size of first matrix
23
Enter the size of second matrix
32
Enter the elements of first matrix
123456
Enter the elements of the second matrix
123456
A- matrix is
1 2 3

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Principles of Programming using C Laboratory 22POP13/23

4 5 6
B - matrix is
1 2
3 4
5 6
The product of two matrices is
22 28
49 64

RESULT: -Thus, the program to implement matrix multiplication has been executed successfully and the
output was verified.

VIVA QUESTIONS: -
a. How to initialize two dimensional arrays?
b. How to pass a two dimensional array as function parameter?
c. How the memory is allocated for two dimensional array
d. Write the program to add and subtract two matrices.
e. Program to find the transpose of a matrix.
f. Program to find determinants of a matrix.
g. Program to find the diagonal elements of a matrix.

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Principles of Programming using C Laboratory 22POP13/23

Laboratory Program 7

COMPUTE SIN(X)/COS(X) USING TAYLOR SERIES APPROXIMATION. COMPARE YOUR

RESULT WITH THE BUILT-IN LIBRARY FUNCTION. PRINT BOTH THE RESULTS WITH
APPROPRIATE INFERENCES.

AIM: To develop a program to compute sin(x)/cos(x) using taylor series approximation

and compare the result with built-in function.

ALGORITHM:

Step-1: Start
Step-2: [Read the value of x in degree]- Read x
Step-3: [Initialization and Radians Conversion]
Temp = x
x=x*(3.142/180.0)
Term = x
sinx = term
n=1
Step-4: [Computer sin value]
Repeat while (term>FLT_EPSILON)
Fact = 2*n*(2*n+1)
Term = term * x * x /fact Sinx
sinx +term = n + 1n
Step-5: [Output]- Print sin(x) without using library function of Print sin(x) and with
using library function
Step-6: Stop

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FLOWCHART

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Principles of Programming using C Laboratory 22POP13/23

PROGRAM

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<math.h>
int fact(int m)
{
int i,f=1;
for(i=1;i<=m;i++)
{
f=f*i;
}
return f;
}
void main()
{
int x,n,i;
float rad, res, sum=0;
clrscr();
printf("Enter degree\n");
scanf("%d",&x);
printf("Enter number of terms\n");
scanf("%d",&n);
rad=x*3.14/180;
for(i=1;i<=n;i+=2)
{
if ((i-1)%4==0)
sum=sum+pow(rad,i)/fact(i);
else
sum=sum-pow(rad,i)/fact(i);

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Principles of Programming using C Laboratory 22POP13/23

}
printf("Calculate sin(%d) = %f", x,sum);
printf("\nLibrary sin(%d) = %f", x,sin(rad));
getch();
}
OUTPUT
First Run:
Enter degree
30
Enter number of terms
5
Calculate sin(30) = 0.499772
Library sin(30) = 0.499770

Second Run:
Enter degree
60
Enter number of terms
2
Calculate sin(60) = 0.866029
Library sin(60) = 0.865760

RESULT: -Thus, the program to calculate sin(x) has been executed successfully and the output was
verified.
VIVA QUESTIONS: -

a. What is pre-processor directive?

b. What is difference between const and #define.
c. What is use of fabs().
d. What is variable initialization and why is it important?
e. What is the difference between the = symbol and == symbol?
f. Can the curly brackets { } be used to enclose a single line of code?

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Laboratory Program 8

SORT THE GIVEN SET OF N NUMBERS USING BUBBLE SORT.

AIM: To develop a program to sort the given set of N numbers using Bubble sort.

ALGORITHM

Step 1. [Initialize] Start

2. [Input number of elements] read n
3. [Input unsorted elements in array] read elements in array a[ ]
4. print elements of array a[ ]
5. [Iterate array a[ ] in two loops.
Outer loop gives number of passes.
Inner loop does swap task. In each pass, compare each pair of
adjacent items.
If former element is greater than latter one, swap them.
[Iterate array a[ ] with
for each value i in array a[i] to n do
for each value j in array a[j] to n-1 do
[Compare each pair of adjacent elements]
if (a[j] > a[j+1])then
[Swap these elements using temp variable]
temp ← a[j]
a[j] ← a[j+1]
a[j+1] ← temp
endif
end for
end for
6. Print array with sorted elements
7. [Finished] End.

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Principles of Programming using C Laboratory 22POP13/23

FLOWCHART

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Principles of Programming using C Laboratory 22POP13/23

PROGRAM
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int n,i,j,a[10],temp;
clrscr();
printf("Enter the no. of elements : \n");
scanf("%d",&n);
printf("Enter the array elements \n");
for(i = 0 ; i < n ; i++)
scanf("%d",&a[i]);
printf("The original elements are \n");
for(i = 0 ; i < n ; i++)
printf("%d ",a[i]);
for(i = 0 ; i < n-1 ; i++)
{
for(j = 0 ; j< (n-i)-1; j++)
{
if(a[j] > a[j+1])
{
temp = a[j];
a[j] = a[j+1];
a[j+1] = temp;
}
}
}
printf("\n The Sorted elements are \n");
for(i = 0 ; i < n ; i++)
printf("%d ",a[i]);
getch();
}

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Principles of Programming using C Laboratory 22POP13/23

OUTPUT
First Run:
Enter the no. of elements : 5
Enter the array elements
30 10 50 20 40
The original elements are
30 10 50 20 40
The Sorted elements are
10 20 30 40 50
Second Run:
Enter the no. of elements : 6
Enter the array elements
65 4 3 2 1
The original elements are
654321
The Sorted elements are
123456
RESULT: -Thus, the program to sort the elements using bubble sort has been executed successfully and
the output was verified.

VIVA QUESTIONS: -

a. Why the name bubble sort?

b. What are the different types of sorting techniques?

c. Explain the logic of bubble sort with an example.

d. What is nested for loop?

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Principles of Programming using C Laboratory 22POP13/23

Laboratory Program 9

WRITE FUNCTIONS TO IMPLEMENT STRING OPERATIONS SUCH AS COMPARE,

CONCATENATE, STRING LENGTH. USE THE PARAMETER PASSING TECHNIQUES.
AIM: To write functions to implement string operations such as compare, concatenate, string length.

ALGORITHM

Step 1: Start
Step 2: [Input two source strings]
read source1,source2
Step 3: [Calculate length1 of source1 by calling the user defined function,strlength();
Repeat the same for length2 of source2 ]
length1=strlength(source1)
length2=strlength(source2)
Step 4: [Ouput length1,length2]
Print length1,length2
Step 5: [Compare the two strings by calling the user defined function, strcompare()]
k=strcompare(source1,source2)
Step 6: [check k, to find the whether the strings are same or not]
if(k==0)
print Both strings are same
else
print strings are different
end if
Step 7: [Concatenate two strings by calling the user defined function, strconcat() and the concatenated
string is stored in source1]
strconcat(source1,source2)
print source1
Step 8: Stop
User Defined Function - strlength()

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Step 1: Start
Step 2: [set i=0]
i=0
Step 3: [receive the source string as str, read character by character, count one by one until we reach
NULL character]

while(str[i]!=’\0')
i++ end while
Step 4: [return i to the calling function]
return i
User Defined Function - strcompare( )
Step 1: Start
Step 2: [set i=0]
i=0
Step 3: [Receive both the source strings as str1 and str2, read character by character until they match, if
the matched character is a NULL then go out of while loop, when any unmatched character then go out of
loop]
while(str1[i] = = str2[i])
if(str1[i] = = ’\0')
break
end if
i++
end while
Step 4: [calculate k]
k=str1[i]-str2[j]
Step 5: [return i to the calling function]
return k
User Defined Function - strconcat( )
Step 1: Start
Step 2: [set i=0]
i=0
Step 3: [Receive both the source strings as str1 and str2, calculate length of str1 using strlength() as l]
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l=strlength(str1)
Step 4: [read str2 character by character and store it from the end of str1]
while(str2[i]!=’\0')
str1[l+i]=str2[i]
i++
end while
Step 5: [return to the calling function]
return;

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Principles of Programming using C Laboratory 22POP13/23

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Principles of Programming using C Laboratory 22POP13/23

PROGRAM

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
int strlength(char str1[50]);

void strconcat(char str1[50],char str2[50]);

int strcompare(char str1[50],char str2[50]);
int strlength(char str[50])
{
int i=0;
while(str[i]!=’\0')
i++;
return i;
}
void strconcat(char str1[50],char str2[50])
{
int i=0,l;
l=strlength(str1);
while(str2[i]!=’\0')
{
str1[l+i]=str2[i];

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i++;
}
str1[l+i]=’\0';
}
int strcompare(char str1[50],char str2[50])
{
int i=0, k;
while(str1[i]==str2[i])
{
if(str1[i]==’\0')
break;
i++;
}
k=str1[i]-str2[i];
return k;
}
void main()
{
char source1[50],source2[50],dest[50];
int length1,length2,k;
clrscr();
printf(“\n Enter the source string 1:”);
gets(source1);
printf(“\n Enter the source string 2:”);
gets(source2);
length1=strlength(source1);
length2=strlength(source2);
printf(“\n string length of string 1 is %d”,length1);
printf(“\n string length of string 2 is %d”,length2);
k=strcompare(source1,source2);
if(k==0)
printf(“\n Both string are same”);
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Principles of Programming using C Laboratory 22POP13/23

else
printf(“\n Both string are different”);
strconcat(source1,source2);
printf(“\n concatenated string is “);
puts(source1);
getch();
}
OUTPUT
First Run:
Enter the source string1: good
Enter the source string2: night
String length of string1 is: 4
String length of string2 is: 5
strings are different
concatenated string is: goodnight
Second Run:
Enter the source string1: good
Enter the source string2: good
String length of string1 is: 4
String length of string2 is: 4
Both strings are same
concatenated string is: goodgood

RESULT: - Thus, the program to implement string operations such as compare, concatenate, string
length has been executed successfully and the output was verified.

VIVA QUESTIONS: -

a. What is string?
b. How to declare string?
c. What are the string manipulation function?
d. What is gets() and puts() function in string?

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Principles of Programming using C Laboratory 22POP13/23

Laboratory Program 10

IMPLEMENT STRUCTURES TO READ, WRITE AND COMPUTE AVERAGE- MARKS OF

THE STUDENTS, LIST THE STUDENTS SCORING ABOVE AND BELOW THE AVERAGE
MARKS FOR A CLASS OF N STUDENTS.

AIM: To write a C Program to implement structures to read, write and compute average-
marks of the students, list the students scoring above and below the average marks for a
class of N students.

ALGORITHM
Step-1: Start
Step-2: Read number of students
Step-3: For every student, read the student id, name , marks for all the subjects
Step-4: Calculate the average marks and store it in the avg field
Step-5: Print the results
Step-6: Initialise loop
Step-7: Read the average of every student
Step-8: Check for if avg>35.00
Step-9: If yes than print the result else goto next iteration
Step-10: Initialise the loop
Step-11: Read average of every student
Step-12: Check if avg<35.00
Step-13: If yes than print result else goto next iteration
Step-14: Stop

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Principles of Programming using C Laboratory 22POP13/23

FLOWCHART

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Principles of Programming using C Laboratory 22POP13/23

PROGRAM
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
struct student
{
char usn[10];
char name[10];
int m1,m2,m3;
float avg, total;
};
void main()
{
struct student s[20];
int n,i;
float tavg,sum=0.0;
clrscr();
printf("Enter the number of students");
scanf("%d",&n);
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
printf("Enter the detail of %d students\n",i+1);
printf("\n Enter USN=");
scanf("%s",s[i].usn);
printf("\n Enter Name=");
scanf("%s",s[i].name);
printf("\nEnter the three subjects marks\n");
scanf("%d%d%d",&s[i].m1,&s[i].m2,&s[i].m3);
s[i].total=s[i].m1+s[i].m2+s[i].m3;
s[i].avg=s[i].total/3;
}
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
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Principles of Programming using C Laboratory 22POP13/23

if(s[i].avg>=35)
printf("\n %s has scored above the average marks",s[i].name);
else
printf("\n %s has scored below the average marks",s[i].name);
}
getch();
}
OUTPUT
Enter the number of students2
Enter the detail of student 1
Enter USN=1
Enter Name=Arun
Enter the three-subject score
23 45 67
Enter the detail of student 2
Enter USN=2
Enter Name=Tharun
Enter the three-subject score
532
Arun has scored above the average marks
Tharun has scored below the average marks

RESULT: -Thus, the program to implement structures to read, write and compute average- marks of the
students, list the students scoring above and below the average marks for a class of N students has been
executed successfully and the output was verified.
VIVA QUESTIONS: -
a. What is structure?
b. How to declare a structure?
c. What is structure member?
d. What is difference between array and structure?
e. What is nested structure?
f. What is typedef?

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Principles of Programming using C Laboratory 22POP13/23

Laboratory Program 11

DEVELOP A PROGRAM USING POINTERS TO COMPUTE THE SUM, MEAN AND

STANDARD DEVIATION OF ALL ELEMENTS STORED IN AN ARRAY OF N REAL
NUMBERS.
AIM: To Develop a C program using pointers to compute the sum, mean and standard
deviation of all elements stored in an array of n real numbers.
ALGORITHM
Step-1: Start
Step-2: Read n
Step-3: For every value of n read the x
Step-4: Initialize sum=0 and i=0
Step-5: For every value of n and i, comuter sum using sum = sum + (*(x+i) – mean) * (
* ( x+i) – mean)
Step-6: Using the sum value computer variance = sum / n and deviation = sqrt (
variance )
Step-7: Display mean, variance, deviation
Step-8: Stop

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Principles of Programming using C Laboratory 22POP13/23

FLOWCHART

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Principles of Programming using C Laboratory 22POP13/23

PROGRAM
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<math.h>
int main()
{
int n , i;
float x[20],sum,mean;
float variance , deviation;
clrscr();
printf("Enter the value of n \n");
scanf("%d",&n);
printf("enter %d real values \n",n);
for (i=0;i<n;i++)
{
scanf("%f",(x+i));
}
sum=0;
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
sum= sum+*(x+i);
}
printf("sum=%f\n",sum);
mean=sum/n;
sum=0;
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
sum=sum+(*(x+i)-mean)*(*(x+i)-mean);
}
variance=sum/n;
deviation=sqrt(variance);
printf("mean(Average)=%f\n",mean);
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Principles of Programming using C Laboratory 22POP13/23

printf("variance=%f\n",variance);
printf("standard deviation=%f\n",deviation);
getch();
}
Output:
Enter the value of n
5
Enter the 5 real values
3
7
23
1
4
Sum = 38.0000
Mean ( Average ) = 7.6000
Variance = 63.039997
Standard deviation = 7.9397

RESULT: -Thus, the program to implement pointers to compute the sum, mean and standard deviation of
all elements stored in an array of n real numbers has been executed successfully and the output was verified.

VIVA QUESTIONS:-

a. Define pointer
b. Define array of pointer
c. Difference between (x+i) and *(x+i)
d. Define array

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Principles of Programming using C Laboratory 22POP13/23

Laboratory Program 12

WRITE A C PROGRAM TO COPY A TEXT FILE TO ANOTHER, READ BOTH THE INPUT
FILE NAME AND TARGET FILE NAME.
AIM: To Write a C program to copy a text file to another, read both the input file name
and target file name.
ALGORITHM
Step 1 : Start
Step 2: Read the source file name fname1
Step 3: Open the file fname1 in read mode
Step 4: if fptr1 is equal to NULL
print " File does not found or error in opening.!!”
goto Step 12
Step 5: Read the new file name fname2
Step 6: Open the file fname2 in write mode
Step 7: if fptr2 is equal to NULL
print " File does not found or error in opening.!!"
goto Step 12
Step 8: Repeat while(1)
ch=fgetc(fptr1);
if ch is equal to EOF
break;
else
fputc(ch, fptr2);
Step 9: print “The file fname1 copied successfully in the file fname2”
Step 10: close file pointer fptr1
Step 11: close file pointer fptr2
Step 12: Stop

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Principles of Programming using C Laboratory 22POP13/23

FLOWCHART

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Principles of Programming using C Laboratory 22POP13/23

PROGRAM

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <conio.h>
void main()
{
FILE *fptr1, *fptr2;
char ch, fname1[20], fname2[20];
clrscr();

printf("\n\n Copy a file in another name :\n");

printf(" \n");

printf(" Input the source file name : ");

scanf("%s",fname1);

fptr1=fopen(fname1, "r");
if(fptr1==NULL)
{
printf(" File does not found or error in opening.!!");
exit(1);
}
printf(" Input the new file name : ");
scanf("%s",fname2);
fptr2=fopen(fname2, "w");
if(fptr2==NULL)
{
printf(" File does not found or error in opening.!!");
fclose(fptr1);
exit(2);
}
while(1)
{
ch=fgetc(fptr1);
if(ch==EOF)
{
break;
}
else

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Principles of Programming using C Laboratory 22POP13/23

{
fputc(ch, fptr2);
}
}
printf(" The file %s copied successfully in the file %s. \n\n",fname1,fname2);
fclose(fptr1);
fclose(fptr2);
getchar();
}

OUTPUT:

Copy a file in another name :

Input the source file name : test.txt

Input the new file name : test1.txt
The file test.txt copied successfully in the file test1.txt.

RESULT: - Thus, the program to copy a text file to another, read both the input file name and target file
name has been executed successfully and the output was verified.
VIVA QUESTIONS:-
a. Define file.
b. What is fopen() and fclose() in file?
c. What is fgetc() and fputc() in file?

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