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Calculus 1(MT1003) Project

Calculus 1 (Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology)

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CALCULUS 1 MAJOR ASSIGNMENT GROUP 2

HO CHI MINH CITY UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

(HCMUT)
FACULTY OF APPLIED SCIENCE
🙞···☼···🙜

CALCULUS I
ASSIGNMENT REPORT
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………

Instructor: Phan Thi Khanh Van, M.S

Class CC13 – Group 2

GROUP MEMBERS
No. Name Student ID
1 Nguyễn Hữu Phước 2352964
2 La Hoàng Thiên Hải 2352305
3 Võ Anh Việt 2353325
4 Phạm Đức Anh 2352060
5 Nguyễn Hữu Duy 2352185

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First of all, we are grateful to Phan Thi Khanh Van, M.S for assigning this project
and teaching us the exercise lectures on CALCULUS 1. Then, we would like to express
our gratitude to the people who assisted us with their help and guidance in this project; it
would not have been possible otherwise.

We are proud to demonstrate the result of our research and work. We have made
every effort to produce the best outcome, although there may be some limitations in our
report.

ROLE OF THE MEMBERS IN THIS PROJECT

No. Name Role in the project
Finding, and writing the manual solutions for the
Differential equation practical problem
1 Nguyễn Hữu Phước
Solving the differential equation problem using the
Euler method

Writing the Matlab code for all practical problems

2 La Hoàng Thiên Hải
Performing the Euler method using Matlab symbolic
calculation
Synthesizing the theoretical basis of the three selected
learned contents
3 Võ Anh Việt
Writing the report

Finding, and writing the manual solutions for two

Integral practical problems
4 Phạm Đức Anh
Assisting in finishing the report

Finding, and writing the manual solutions for two

Derivative practical problems
5 Nguyễn Hữu Duy
Assisting in finishing the report

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Table of Contents
1. Introduction:.............................................................................................. 2
2. Application of Derivative..........................................................................2
2.1. Theoretical basis:...........................................................................................2
2.2. Problems about the application of Derivative:.............................................2
3. Application of Integral.............................................................................. 2
3.1. Theoretical basis:...........................................................................................2
3.2. Problems about the application of Integrals:...............................................2
4. Application of Differential Equations......................................................2
4.1. Theoretical basis:...........................................................................................2
4.2. Problem about the application of Differential equations:...........................2
5. Solving Differential equations using Euler approximation method:.....2
6. Conclusion.................................................................................................. 2
7. References.................................................................................................. 2

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1. Introduction:
Mathematics has wide real-life applications in finance, shopping, time management,
and health tracking. In engineering, it's critical for designing structures, calculating
dimensions, and modeling physical phenomena. Engineers heavily use math to solve
complex equations, analyze data, and optimize systems, ensuring efficient, safe, and
functional structures and technologies. Overall, mathematics acts as a powerful tool in
multiple domains, enabling problem-solving, and data analysis, enhancing our daily lives,
and driving technological advancements.

Matlab excels as an invaluable ally for engineers' computations. It's a specialized,

high-level programming language fine-tuned for numerical computations and data analysis.
With its diverse range of functions and tools, it empowers engineers to tackle intricate
mathematical problems, run simulations, and meticulously analyze data. Its adaptable nature
and user-friendly interface are indispensable, enabling engineers to streamline calculations,
accelerate research, and pioneer innovations across diverse engineering domains.

This report will explain the theoretical basis of Derivative, Integral, and Differential
equations, and study the application of the three fields by solving 5 practical problems: 2
Derivative problems, 2 Integral problems, and 1 Differential equation problem. In addition,
we will also provide the Euler method solution to calculate approximately the result for the
Differential equation problem. This report will go through each problem to explain the
script and illustrate the way of solving them mathematically and solving them using Matlab.

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2. Application of Derivative.

2.1. Theoretical basis:

A derivative of a function describes its rate of change at a particular point in the

function. The rate of change doesn’t have to be constant, so it can be approximated along
with any point of a curve. Derivatives in calculus have many applications in quantitative
sciences such as physics and chemistry.
Differentiation is the process of finding derivatives. Both Newton and Leibniz used
differentiation in the process of developing calculus. The differential is an infinitesimal
change in a varying quantity and can be related to all other changes in a function. Even
though the change is infinitely small, it can still be measured by an approximation.
A critical point of a continuous function is a point at which the derivative is zero or
undefined. Critical points are the points on the graph where the function's rate of change is
altered—either a change from increasing to decreasing, in concavity, or in some
unpredictable fashion. Critical points are useful for determining extrema and solving
optimization problems.
2.2. Problems about the application of Derivative:
Problem 1: A rocket flies into the air and the distance traveled depends on the
2

variable (t) seconds: s(t )=e t +3+ 2t e3 t +1 (km) according to the following rule. What is the
rocket's velocity after 1 second?

Figure 1: Illustration for problem 1.

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Solution: First we need to find the derivative v (t):

2
t +3 3 t +1
v (t)=s ’ (t)=(e + 2t e )’
2

v ( t )=2 t e t +3+ e3 t +1 (6 t +2)

With t=1 we substitute into the equation:

2

2∗1∗e 1 +3 +e 3∗1+1 ( 6∗1+2 )=10 e 4(km/s)

Answer: the rocket’s final velocity after 1 second is 10 e 4=545.9815 km/s

MATLAB code: Our Matlab code will solve the problem mentioned above and sketch
the rocket velocity function graph.

1 syms s(t)
2 s = exp(t^2+3)+2*t*exp(3*t+1);
3 disp('ROCKET"S VELOCITY FUNCTION:')
4 v=diff(s)
5 v = matlabFunction(v);
6 velocity=['Velocity at t = 1: ',num2str(v(1)),' km/s'];
7 disp(velocity)
8 t=0:0.1:5;
9 plot(t,v(t))

After executing the above code, we received the following result:

Figure 2: The problem result and the function graph for problem 1.

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Problem 2: When feeding fish in an experimental pond, scientists observed that if

each unit area of the pond's surface contains x fish (where x belongs to the set of positive
integers), the average weight of each fish during every harvest is 480−20 x (gram). What
fish density maximizes the number of fish harvested?

Figure 3: The illustration for the problem 2.

Solution:

The number of fish in each unit area of the pond's surface is: x ( x ≥ 0) (fish).

The average weight of a fish per unit area is: 480−20 x (gram).

The average weight of a fish per unit area is not a negative number so:

480−20 x ≥ 0 ⇔ 0≤ x ≤ 24

After each harvest, the number of grams of fish obtained is presented by the function:
f ( x )=x ( 480−20 x ) ( f ( x ) ≥ 0 ) (gram) (x ∈[ 0,24 ]):

f ( x )=x ( 480−20 x ) ⇔ f ( x )=480 x – 20 x

2

We have f ' ( x )=480−40 x

When f ' ( x )=0 ⇔ 480−40 x=0 ⇔ x=12

Answer: The function reaches the maximum value when x=12. So to get the most fish
after each harvest, the required density is 12 fish for each unit area of the pond's surface.

x 0 12 24

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f ’(x) +¿ 0 −¿
2880

f ( x)

0 0
Table 1: The variation table.
MATLAB code: Our Matlab code will solve the problem mentioned above and sketch
the function graph.

1 syms w(x)
2 w=480-20*x
3 n=w*x
4 nf=matlabFunction(diff(n));
5 criticalnumber=fzero(nf,0)
6 n=matlabFunction(n);
7 x=0:0.1:(criticalnumber+10)
8 plot(x,n(x))
9 grid on

After executing the above code, we received the following result:

Figure 4: The problem result and the function graph for problem 2.

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3. Application of Integral.

3.1. Theoretical basis:

Antiderivatives: A function F is called an antiderivative of f on an interval X , if F (x)

is continuous and differentiable on X and F ’ (x)=f ( x), or dF (x )=f (x) dx for all x ∈ X .

Infinite Integrals: Let F be an antiderivative of f on an interval X ⊂ R. The indefinite

integral of f (x) is defined by Φ (x)=F (x )+C , where C is an arbitrary constant.

Definite Integrals: The total area An of the n rectangles is given by the sum of the
b−a
areas An=f ¿ , where ∆ x= . To make the width of the rectangles approach 0 , we let the
n
number of rectangles approach ∞ . Therefore, the exact area of the region under the graph of
b

the function is nlim An . This limit is called a definite integral and is denoted by ∫ f ( x ) ⅆx :
→∞
a

b n
lim ∑ f ( x i ) . ∆ x
∫ f ( x ) dx= n→ ∞
¿

a i=1

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3.2. Problems about the application of Integrals:

Problem 3: An elephant herd initially has a population of 7 elephants. Suppose that t
6
years later the population is growing at a rate of f (t)= 2 elephants per year. Find the
t + 2t +3
population of the entire herd at time t=5.

Figure 5: The illustration for the problem 3.

5
6 6
Solution: The integral: ∫ dt for the integrand 2
0
2
t +2 t+ 3 t +2 t+3

6
For the integrand , substitute u=t+1 and du=dt . This gives a new lower
(t +1)2 +2

bound u=1 and upper bound u=6:

6

∫ u26+2 du .
1

u du
Similar to the steps above, with v= and then d v = applying the fundamental
√2 √2
theorem of calculus, we have the equation:
6

[ ( ) ( )]
6 √2 6
3 1 6 1
∫ u2 du=3 √ 2 ∫ 2
v +1
dv =3 √2 tan−1 ( v ) ¿ √12 =3 √ 2 tan−1
√ 2
−tan−1
√ 2
=3.071
1
+1 1 √2
2 √2

Answer: The population of the entire herd after 5 years: 7+3=10 elephants.

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MATLAB code: Our Matlab code will solve the problem mentioned above and sketch
the function graph.

1 syms f(t)
2 f = 6/(t^2+2*t+3)
3 n=int(f)
4 nf=matlabFunction(n);
5 t=0:0.1:10;
6 plot(t,nf(t))
7 elephants = double(7 + int(f,[0,5]))

After executing the above code, we received the following result:

Figure 6: The problem result and the function graph for problem 3.

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Problem 4: The city plans to build a bridge across a 500m long river, knowing that
they intend to build a bridge with 10 parabolic spans, each span is 40 m apart, knowing both
ends of the bridge and the middle of the connecting span will be built 1 pillar which is 5m
wide. The thickness and width of the bridge span remain constant at 20 cm (the cross-
section of a bridge span is simulated as shown in the figure). How much concrete is needed
to build the bridge spans (rounded to the nearest unit)?

Figure 7: The illustration for problem 4.

Solution: Select the Oxy coordinate system as shown. Call the parabola passing
through point I ( P1 ) and have the equation: y=ax ²+bx+ c . Because ( P1 ) passes through the
origin so ( P1 ) : y=ax ²+ bx

Using the data (P1 ) going through I and A, we deduce ( P1 ):

−2 2 4
y 1= x + x
625 25

Therefore, the parabola below has the equation (P2 ):

−2 2 4 1
y 2= x + x−
625 25 5

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Then the area of each bridge span is Swith S is the area limited by the parabolas ( P1 )
and (P2 ) in the range (0 ; 50).

To infer:

| )| | |
50−0.2 0.2
S= ∫
0+0.2
−2 2 4
625
x + x−
25 625 (
−2 2 4
25
1
x + x− dx +2 ∫
5 0
−2 2 4
625 25
2
x + x dx ≈ 9.9(m )

The volume of each bridge span is:

V 1=S ×0.2=9,9 ×0.2=1.98 (m ³).

Answer: Inferred the amount of concrete to build the bridge spans is:
2. ( 1,98.10 )=39.6 ( m ) ≈ 40 ( m ). Due to rounding to the nearest unit, we need 40 m ³ of
3 3

concrete.
MATLAB code: Our Matlab code will solve the problem mentioned above.

1 syms x
2 % Upper
3 P1 = -2/625 * x^2 + 4/25 * x;
4 % Lower
5 P2 = -2/625 * x^2 + 4/25 * x - 1/5;
6 S = 2*int(P1,[0 0.2]) + int(P1-P2,[0.2 49.8]);
7 V=double(S*0.2*2);
a=['Volume of concrete needed to build 1 bridge span: ',num2str(V,5),'
8
m^3'];
b=['Volume of concrete needed to build the bridge: ',num2str(V*10,2),'
9
m^3'];
10 disp(a)
11 disp(b)

After executing the above code, we received the following result:

Figure 8: The problem result for problem 4.

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4. Application of Differential Equations.

4.1. Theoretical basis:

Differential equations: Many of the principles, or laws, underlying the behavior of
the natural world are statements or relations involving rates at which things happen. When
expressed in mathematical terms, the relations are equations and the rates are derivatives.
Equations containing derivatives are differential equations.

A differential equation is an equation that contains an unknown function and one or

more of its derivatives.

The order of a differential equation is the order of the highest derivative that occurs in
the equation. The equation F (x , y ’, ... y ( n))=0 is an ordinary differential equation of the nth
order.

A function f is called a general solution of an ordinary differential equation

F (x , y ’ , ... y (n))=0 if the equation is satisfied when y=f (x ) and its derivatives are
substituted into the equation. When applying differential equations, we are usually not as
interested in finding the general solution as we are in finding a solution that satisfies some
additional requirement.

We need to find the particular solution that satisfies a condition of the form y ( x 0)= y 0
, or y ’(x 0)= y 0. This is called an initial condition, and the problem of finding a solution
that satisfies the initial condition is called an initial-value problem.

In contrast, a boundary-value problem consists of a differential equation and a set of

conditions at different x −values that the solution y (x ) must satisfy.

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4.2. Problem about the application of Differential equations:

Problem 5: A barrel holds 500 gallons of beer with 4 % of alcohol. People pumps beer
with 6 % of alcohol into the tank at a speed of 5 gallons/minute, and this dissolved solution is
pumped out again at the same speed as pumped in. Calculate the percentage of alcohol after
half an hour.

Figure 9: The illustration for problem 5.

Solution: Initial alcohol: 500 × 4 %=20 gallons

The volume of beer after time: V =500+ 5t−5 t=500 gallons

Let y (t ) is the amount of alcohol in 500 gallons of beer.

We have the rate of change in the amount of alcohol is:

(
y ' ( t )=5 × 6 %−
500 )
y ( t ) dy dy 30− y ( t )
= ⇔ =
dt dt 100
⇔
1
30− y ( t )
dy=
1
100
dt

−t −t
−t +C
⇔ ln |30− y ( t )|= +C ⇔ y ( t )=30−e 100 =30−C 0 e 100
100
−t
Witht=0 ⇔ C =10⇔ y (t)=30−10 × e 100
0

−30
With t=30 ⇔ y(30)=30−10 × e 100 =22.5918 gallons

22.5918
Answer: The percentage of alcohol after half an hour is =4.52 %
500

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5. Solving Differential equations using Euler approximation method:

Using the problem mentioned in section 4.2: “(Figure 9) A barrel holds 500 gallons of
beer with 4% of alcohol. People pumps beer with 6% of alcohol into the tank at a speed of 5
gallons/minute, and this dissolved solution is pumped out again at the same speed as
pumped in. Calculate the percentage of alcohol after half an hour.”

In this section, we will use the Euler approximation method to approximately calculate
the percentage of alcohol after half an hour:

We have: Initial alcohol: 500 × 4 %=20 gallons

The volume of beer after time: V =500+ 5t−5 t=500 gallons

Let y (t ) is the amount of alcohol in 500 gallons of beer.

We have the rate of change in the amount of alcohol is:

'
(
y ( t )=5 × 6 %−
y (t)
500
=0.3−
1
)
100
y ( t ) (1)

Following the Taylor and Maclaurin Series:

∞ n
(x−a)
f ( x )=∑ f ( a)
( n)
(2)
n=0 n!

To simplify, we only consider the second degree:

y ( x )= y ( x0 ) + y ( x 0 ) (x−x 0 )
'

On the interval from t=0 to t=30 we divided it into 100 equal segments, then we have
each segment is equal to:

30−0
=0.3=¿ x i+1 =xi +0.3 (3)
100

Therefore, from (1), (2) ,(3) we have:

1
y 1= y 0 +0.3 (0.3− y )
100 0

From that, we can deduce the general formula:

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1
y i+1 = y i+ 0.3(0.3− y)
100 i

Using the formula, we can create a table to calculate the volume of alcohol in the
barrel.

−t
y ( t ) =30−10∗e 100
i xi yi
(from section 4.2)

0 0 20.0000 20.0000

1 0.3 20.0300 20.0299

2 0.6 20.0599 20.0598

3 0.9 20.0897 20.0895

… … … …

98 29.4 22.5505 22.5472

99 29.7 22.5729 22.5695

100 30 22.5952 22.5918

Table 2: The two methods result table.

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From the results of the above spreadsheet, we can see that the values of the last two
columns are equivalent, it can be said that the two methods give the same result.
y 100 22.5952
× 100 %= × 100 %=4.5190 %
500 500

y ( 30 ) 22.5918
≈ ×100 %= ×100 %=4.5184 %
500 500

Matlab code: Our Matlab code will solve the problem mentioned above using the
differential method and Euler method, compare the results, and sketch the percentage of
alcohol function:

*Explanation for the commands is after each '%'

1 clc;
2 syms alc(t)
3 % rate of change in volume of alcohol
4 DvaDt = diff(alc);
5 % (alcohol in - alcohol out) * 5 gallons in and out / 500 gallons total =
6 % rate of change in alcohol volume
7 c = dsolve(DvaDt==0.3-alc*5/500,alc(0)==20)
8 t=linspace(0,30,100);
9 cfcn=matlabFunction(c);
1
plot(t,cfcn(t))
0
1
valc=cfcn(30);
1
1
Concentration=valc/500;
2
1
a=['Concentration of alcohol after 30 minutes: ',num2str(Concentration,5)];
3
1
disp(a)
4
1
% estimating using Euler method
5
1
n=input('Enter number of points for using Euler method: ')
6
1
t=0;
7
1
Y=20;
8
1
while t<=30
9

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2
t=t+30/n;
0
2
Y=Y+30/n*(0.3-Y/100);
1
2 end
2
2 Y=Y/500;
3
2 b=['Concentration of alcohol after 30 minutes using Euler method:
4 ',num2str(Y,5)];
2 disp(b)
5

After executing the above code, we enter 100 points in the command window for
using the Euler method:

Figure 10: Entering 100 points in the Matlab command window.

After entering 100 points in the command window, we received the following result:

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Figure 11: The Graph of alcohol function and the results using the two methods.

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6. Conclusion
Through this Calculus 1 major assignment, our group has learned how to work
together and also about Matlab symbolism. We have learnt how to solve Derivatives,
Integrals, and Differential equations problems, and perform the Euler method using Matlab
symbolic calculation along with the knowledge to choose an appropriate stepsize in order to
obtain a certain accuracy.

In addition, our group would like to send our most sincere gratitude to
Phan Thi Khanh Van, M.S, the lecturer in class CALCULUS 1 (EXERCISE) CC13, is also
the instructor for this assignment. Thanks to your wholehearted guidance, our group
completed the report on schedule and resolved the problems encountered. Your guidance
has been the guideline for all of the group actions and maximized the supportive
relationship between the lecturers and the students in the educational environment.

Additionally, we would also like to sincerely thank Dr. Le Xuan Dai, the lecturer in
class CALCULUS 1 CC07 for teaching the theory very carefully so that we have a solid
foundation to carry out this major assignment.

This is also the first time our group has done a major assignment and written a report
for it. And, we might have made some mistakes. Therefore, we hope to receive your
sympathy for our shortcomings in this report.

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7. References
[1] Le Xuan Dai. (2022). SUMMARY CALCULUS 1. Chapter 4, page 152. Chapter 5,
page 218.

[2] Euler method. Access from < Euler method - Wikipedia >.

[3] Matlab Help Center. Access from: <Documentation - MATLAB & Simulink
(mathworks.com)>.

[4] Deborah. (2014). Math Introduction to Derivatives. Access from: < Math
Introduction to Derivatives | Free Homework Help (schooltutoring.com)>

[5] Henry Maltby, Patrick Corn, and Jimin Khim. Critical Points. Access from:
<Critical Points | Brilliant Math & Science Wiki>

[6] Nguyễn Văn Chinh. Ứng dụng tích phân vào bài toán diện tích trong thực tế.
Access from <SKKN Ứng dụng tích phân vào bài toán diện tích trong thực tế
(sangkienkinhnghiem.net)>

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