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What Is Object-Oriented Programming (Oop) - Explaining Four Major Principles - SoftServe

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22 views

What Is Object-Oriented Programming (Oop) - Explaining Four Major Principles - SoftServe

Uploaded by

Kevin Baltazar Hernández
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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18/9/24, 7:50 p.m. What is Object-Oriented Programming (oop)?

Explaining four major principles - SoftServe

BY NATALIYA REVUTSKA | IT ACADEMY MENTOR


EN

LEARNING & CERTIFICATION

WHAT IS OBJECT-ORIENTED
PROGRAMMING (OOP)? EXPLAINING FOUR
MAJOR PRINCIPLES
APRIL 29, 2023
7 min read

My name is Nataliya Revutska, and I am an IT Academy mentor at SoftServe. The IT Academy is dedicated to training new
specialists for our company, retraining existing employees, and providing intensive IT courses for those who want to start
their careers in IT.

One of the topic I help students with is object-oriented programming (OOP), which is one of the essential development
methodologies that future specialists should be familiar with. Understanding how these main OOP principles and
concepts work will enable developers to create more efficient, structured, scalable, and robust programs.

WHAT ARE OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES

Object-oriented programming languages are a powerful tool that allows developers to create applications modeled on real-
world objects. Using objects, classes, and data structures, developers can create robust, efficient, practical applications.
Developers can create reusable and customizable programs by using best object oriented programming language such as
Java, C++, and Python. By using these languages, developers can create more responsive and interactive
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18/9/24, 7:50 p.m. What is Object-Oriented Programming (oop)? Explaining four major principles - SoftServe applications, allowing users to have a more
enjoyable and productive experience. Other popular OOP languages are Ruby, C#, and PHP.

BENEFITS OF OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING

Object Oriented Programming (OOP) has revolutionized the way we write software. From large-scale enterprise applications
to small hobby projects, OOP provides a powerful and flexible approach to software development. It enables developers to
think in terms of objects, classes, and methods, making code more intuitive and easier to maintain. OOP benefits
developers to create efficient and reusable code, reducing development time and cost. Furthermore, OOP allows
developers to add new features and functionality to existing code, making it an ideal choice for agile development. With its
powerful features and flexibility, OOP has become an essential tool for modern software development.

FOUR PILLARS OF OOP

In the world of object-oriented programming (OOP), almost everything is considered an object. So what is an object in
OOP? Objects contain data, referred to as attributes or properties, and methods. OOP allows objects to interact with each
other using four basic principles: encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, and abstraction. These four OOP principles
enable objects to communicate and collaborate to create powerful applications.

ENCAPSULATION IN OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING


Encapsulation is a principle that seeks to hide the implementation details of objects from the outside world. It states that
all important information is contained within the object; only selected data is available externally. Each object's inner
workings and state are stored privately within the specified class, whereas other objects do not have access to it or the
ability to make changes. Instead, they can only interact with a few public functions or methods. This form of data hiding
provides program security and control over object state changes, reduces the risk of errors, and makes the program more
understandable.

INHERITANCE IN OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING


Inheritance is a principle that enables developers to create new classes based on existing (parent) classes, with the option
of overriding or augmenting their properties and methods. This is especially useful in programs containing thousands of
lines of code, as it simplifies maintenance and prevents code duplication. By using the logic of the parent class in the child
class, developers can create objects that share code or logic yet are different. This reduces the complexity of the code and
eliminates the need to create a new object for each object used in the program.

POLYMORPHISM IN OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING


Polymorphism is a principle that complements inheritance by allowing objects of different classes to perform actions with
the same name using different code. For instance, the "show information" method can be used to display varied data about
objects of the "car", "plane", or "ship" type. Furthermore, polymorphism helps to create more flexible and modular
programs. Generally, it simplifies the development process as it allows for the creation of common methods and functions
to be used for multiple types of objects.

ABSTRACTION IN OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING


Abstraction helps you focus on a system's essential elements and ignore the less important details that have no effect on
its key features. It allows you to construct more understandable programs. Abstraction can be thought of as an expansion
of encapsulation. Take programs that contain thousands of lines of code as an example. Through the principle of
abstraction, each object only reveals a specific mechanism for usage. Therefore, the code inside becomes largely
independent of other objects. For instance, in a program that stores information about movies, you can create a class
"Movie" that provides access to only the most essential details, such as title, release year, and genre, while hiding the less
important information, like shots or technical aspects.

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18/9/24, 7:50 p.m. What is Object-Oriented Programming (oop)? Explaining four major principles - SoftServe SECRETS OF
SUCCESSFUL USAGE OF OOP

To successfully develop programs using Object-Oriented Programming (OOP), it is important to adhere to the following
recommendations:

1. Aim for simplicity and efficiency when designing object-oriented code.

2. Adhere to the SOLID principles to prevent problems and keep code flexible, maintainable, and easy to modify.

3. Identify the classes needed and their relationships to ensure the program functions efficiently. 4. Avoid over-

utilizing imitation and understand when to apply it and when to opt for object composition instead. 5. Employ

abstraction to simplify understanding.

6. Abide by programming standards and conventions to ensure code clarity and maintainability.

In summary, object-oriented programming is a powerful tool for solving complex programming problems. It enables
developers to create lightweight, efficient, and robust solutions by breaking down problems into objects and manipulating
them to achieve the desired outcome. As programming languages and technologies continue to evolve, the principles of
object-oriented programming will remain an integral part of the development process.
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